Socioeconomic status and cancers of the female breast and reproductive organs: a comparison across racial/ethnic populations in Los Angeles County, California (United States)

Objectives: Despite the fact that socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to have important implications in health related issues, population-based cancer registries in the United States do not routinely collect SES information. This study presents a model to estimate the SES of cancer patients in the registry database.Methods: At the Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program (CSP), we developed a model to estimate each cancer patient's SES from aggregate measurements of the census tract of residence (n = 1,640) at time of diagnosis. We then applied the SES estimates to observe the relationship between SES and risk of cancers of the female breast and reproductive organs including cancers of the ovary, cervix uteri, and corpus uteri. The analyses were performed on the cumulative records (n = 127,819) of cancer patients diagnosed between 1972 and 1992 in Los Angeles County, California, for the mutually exclusive racial/ethnic groups of non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanic Whites, Blacks, Asians, and persons of other ethnic groups.Results: We found SES is positively associated with female breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and cancer of the corpus uteri, but inversely associated with cervical cancer. These SES trends were quite consistent across age groups among non-Hispanic White women. Variations by race/ethnicity in the SES patterns were also found, with Asians exhibiting little association.Conclusions: Our model of measuring SES is sufficiently sensitive to capture the trends. Adopting the aggregate approach to measure SES in population-based registry data appears to be useful.     

The prevalence of lactase deficiency and lactose intolerance in Chinese children of different ages

Objective To determine lactose metabolism and lactase activity in Chinese children of diff erent ages, prevalence of lactase deficiency (LD), and lactose intoleran ce (LI).
Methods All 1168 healthy subjects between 3 and 13 years were recruited from schools in four large cities in China. They were screened by a 25 g lactose tolerance tes t. Some subjects were challenged with 50 g milk powder on different days. Bot h indicators, the expiratory H₂ concentration and intolerance symptoms, were a nalyzed.
Results LD occurred in 38.5% of children in the 3-5 year age group, and 87% of the 7-8 year and 11-13 year old groups. The age of occurrence for LD may be at 7-8 years among Chinese children. The prevalence of LI among Chinese children w as 12.2% at age 3-5 years, 33.1% at age 7-8 years, and 30.5% at age 11-13 yea rs, respectively.
Conclusion The results demonstrate that LD is very common in Chinese children from these fo ur cities. LD and LI have a dose dependent response: lactose absorption and sym ptoms are based on lactase activity. The relationship between breast feeding hi story (or the history of cow milk intake) and lactase activity among Chinese chi ldren has not been established.      

深圳市学龄前儿童微量营养素状况的调查

目的 了解深圳市学龄前儿童微量营养素状况，对以后指导其合理饮食提供科学依据。方法 随机整群抽取深圳市5家托幼机构，中、小班全体学龄前儿童301名为调查对象，进行血清锌、铁、钙、血清维生素A等微量营养素测量。用SPSS10．0统计分析软件进行分析。结果 深圳市学龄前儿童维生素A的平均值为1．68umot／L，缺乏率为40．5％；血清锌含量平均值为20．39umol／L，缺乏率为5．32％；血清铁含量平均值为15．95umol／L，缺乏率为37．5％；血清钙含量平均值为2．46mmol／L，缺乏率为27．6％。结论 深圳市学龄前儿童微量营养素锌、铁、钙存在不同程度的缺乏，维生素A的缺乏最为严重。因此，应加强对学龄前儿童营养宣教和微量营养素补充健康教育。     

鼻泪管黏膜相关淋巴组织形态学分析

目的 :探讨鼻泪管黏膜相关淋巴组织的组织学特点 ,初步揭示泪道炎症不易治愈的局部原因。方法 :通过常规苏木精 伊红染色 ,利用图像分析仪对兔鼻泪管、鼻腔、咽腔和气管黏膜中的淋巴滤泡发育情况 ,高内皮静脉 (HEV)的分布情况及其周围淋巴细胞浸润的密度进行分析。结果 :鼻泪管黏膜组织中淋巴滤泡和HEV的数量及其周围淋巴细胞浸润的程度均低于鼻腔、咽腔和气管黏膜 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :正常情况下鼻泪管黏膜的局部免疫反应程度低于鼻腔、咽腔和气管黏膜 ,其黏膜下淋巴组织欠发达可能是泪道炎症不易治愈的主要原因。     

姜黄素对培养的人胚胎视网膜色素上皮细胞增殖活性的影响

目的:研究姜黄素(curcumin,CUR)对培养人胚胎视网膜色素上皮(human fetal retinal pigmentepithelium,hfRPE)细胞增殖的影响。方法:用不同浓度CUR(2.5,5,10,20μg／ml)处理传代培养的hfRPE细胞24~48 h,采用MTT法和流式细胞术观察药物对hfRPE细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响。结果:CUR可明显抑制hfRPE细胞增殖,24、48 h的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为14.27μg／ml和12.7μg／ml;流式细胞仪分析表明姜黄素将hfRPE细胞阻滞在G2／M期。结论:在一定浓度范围内,姜黄素通过改变hfRPE细胞的周期分布来抑制其增殖。     

hEGF在角膜中的基因表达

目的 观察人表皮生长因子(hEGF)基因对角膜细胞的转染情况，探讨用hEGF基因对角膜损伤治疗的可行性。方法 利用基因重组技术构建了hEGF全基因序列，将该基因序列插入pcDNA3．1真核表达高效穿梭质粒，用脂质体包裹注入家兔角膜前房。从RNA、DNA和蛋白质水平分别测定了角膜组织中hEGFmRNA和DNA的表达，用免疫组化法测定了hEGF在兔角膜组织中的表达。结果 基因转染24h后在全层角膜细胞内可见hEGF mRNA、DNA和蛋白质表达，第5d达到高峰，细胞转染率高达98％以上，随后逐渐降低，可持续表达20d以上。结论 用pcDNA3．1真核表达高效穿梭质粒作为载体，携带hEGF基因在脂质体包裹下经前房注射转染角膜，可达到极高的转染率，具有良好的应用前景。     

数据仓库在军字一号工程药品信息管理分析中应用研究

目的探讨如何应用数据仓库技术构建军字一号工程药品信息统计资源库。方法运用Oracle9.2和OWB9.0数据仓库生成软件,构建药品信息统计资源库,并利用Oracle9iDiscoverer工具进行数据挖掘。结果从药品信息统计资源库中挖掘出大量的管理信息,并生成了相应的报表和视图。结论应用数据仓库技术构建医院药品信息统计资源库,可从中得到丰富的辅助决策信息,拓展了HIS信息资源利用空间。     

三种不同病因不孕症患者黄体血肿发生情况比较

目的 :比较 3种不同病因的不孕症患者黄体血肿的发生情况。方法 :回顾性分析了行排卵监测的不孕妇女2 4 0例 ,根据其不孕病因分为 3组 ,子宫内膜异位症组 77例 ,慢性盆腔炎组 (盆腔粘连、结核 ) 4 8例 ,对照组 (女方无明显异常的不孕妇女 ) 115例。比较此 3组患者的黄体血肿发生情况。结果 :子宫内膜异位症组、慢性盆腔炎组、对照组黄体血肿发病率分别为 2 7.2 %、16 .7%、0 .87% ,前两组高于第 3组 ,差异具有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。子宫内膜异位症组黄体血肿发生率高于慢性盆腔炎组 ,但差异无显著性。子宫内膜异位症组与慢性盆腔炎组黄体血肿的直径、黄体血肿形成前卵泡的直径差异无显著性。结论 :子宫内膜异位症和慢性盆腔炎患者黄体血肿的发生率较高 ,诊断为子宫内膜异位症或慢性盆腔炎 (盆腔粘连或结核 )的不孕患者 ,如排卵监测时出现黄体血肿 ,可作为选择腹腔镜检查与手术的参考因素之一。     

钙剂对妊高征患者骨密度、内皮素影响的探讨

目的探讨妊高征患者应用钙剂后,骨密度、血清钙、血清内皮素的变化。观察钙剂预防骨密度降低、平均动脉压升高的作用。方法选择100例妊娠24～26周、预测妊高征试验阳性的孕妇,首次测量血清钙(2.0±0.32)mmol/L、血清内皮素(58.06±9.78)pg/mg、骨密度(0.72±0.22)g/cm2、平均动脉压(12.5±0.33)kPa。随机分为两组,口服葡萄糖酸钙片1～2g/d的50例孕妇为观察组,未口服葡萄糖酸钙片的50例孕妇为对照组。观察12周后复查两组上述指标。结果观察组和对照组的血清钙分别为(2.20±0.28)mmol/L、(1.97±0.31)mmol/L,血清内皮素分别为(61.76±18.61)pg/ml、(132±7.65)pg/ml,骨密度分别为(0.71±0.32)g/cm2、(0.67±0.29)g/cm2;平均动脉压分别为(12.7±0.33)kPa、(13.6±0.33)kPa。两组对比有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论血清钙与骨密度呈正相关,血清钙、骨密度与血清内皮素、平均动脉压呈负相关。因此,在妊娠24～26周开始补充钙剂1～2g/d可预防孕妇晚期骨密度降低、内皮素升高,从而达到预防妊高征发生的目的。