Ultrastructural and biochemical characterization of glycosaminoglycans in HNK-1-positive large granular lymphocytes

Natural killer (NK) cells are large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) that contain distinct lysosomal granules. The present study was undertaken to determine if these lysosomes contain glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) similar to those previously described in myeloid cells. Mononuclear cells from human blood were stained with HNK-1 fluoresceinated monoclonal antibody, and the NK cell population reactive with this antibody were isolated with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Specific staining of sulfated macromolecules with the cationic reagent, high iron diamine, was observed in the lysosomal granules of 90% of the HNK-1 positive cells. Staining in the same location was also observed in the unsorted LGLs, presumed to be NK cells, and intense staining of the cell surface was also a prominent feature of these cells. Surface staining was not evident in the majority of the FACS- separated NK cells. Digestion with chondroitinase ABC or treatment with nitrous acid reduced the staining in both locations; after sequential treatment with both chondroitinase and nitrous acid, little or no staining was seen. The presence of chondroitin sulfate (and/or dermatan sulfate) and heparan sulfate was also shown by the finding that incubation of the isolated NK cells with 35S-sulfate yielded cell- associated radiolabeled macromolecules with the characteristics of these two groups of GAGs. Of the labeled GAG pool, 60% was degraded by chondroitinase and 40% was susceptible to nitrous acid treatment. LGLs of a patient with Chediak-Higashi syndrome was also stained, and intracellular sulfate staining was clearly localized to the enlarged granules, supporting the conclusion that the lysosomes are the major site of intracellular accumulation of GAGs in normal NK cells.     

Intermediate and high-dose ARA-C and m-AMSA (or daunorubicin) as remission and consolidation treatment for patients with relapsed acute leukaemia and lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma

27 patients (aged 15-55 years) with relapsed acute myelogenous (AML) and lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), and with lymphoblastic non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) have been treated with intermediate dose cytosine arabinoside (AraC, 1 g/m2 q 12 h X 12) and 3 d of m-AMSA (20 patients), 90-115 mg/m2 daily, or daunorubicin (7 patients). 18 of them attained a complete remission (AML 10/14, ALL 3/5, NHL 5/8). 7 patients received consolidation treatment with 1-2 courses comprising 4 d of AraC (3 g/m2 q 12 h X 8) and m-AMSA (90-115 mg/m2) on d 5 of each course. 2 patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and 9 received no further treatment after remission induction. In addition to vomiting, fever and conjunctivitis, toxicity in 6 patients included a combination of severe diarrhoea, fever and signs of paralytic ileus. 3 of them died during the pancytopenic phase. The pancytopenic period ranged from 16-25 d (median 21 d) after the remission induction and 14-21 d (median 19 d) after the consolidation course. Median remission duration was 5 months for those patients who received no treatment after remission induction and greater than 9 months (4+ - 16+ months) for the patients who received consolidation courses. Increased dosages of AraC are active in relapsed leukaemia and lymphoma, although optimal dose and schedule are still undetermined.     

动态增强MRI定量参数及最大线性斜率比值对鉴别乳腺良恶性疾病的价值

目的 通过对动态增强MRI时间.信号强度曲线(TIC)的后处理,寻找有效的鉴别诊断良、恶乳腺疾病的定量参数.方法 回顾性分析行MR检查的30例乳腺疾病初诊患者,对动态增强MRI的TIC进行后处理,得出最高信号强度(SImax)、强化峰值(PH)、最大线性斜率(Slope)、最大线性斜率比值(SlopeR)4个定量参数,用独立样本t检验和秩和检验评价4个定量参数在良、恶性病灶间的分布是否具有统计学意义.结果 共17个良性病灶和18个恶性病灶,良性病灶和恶性病灶的SImax值(M值)分别为375.2和158.1,95%可信区间分别为278.2～506.0和160.5～374.8;PH值(M值)分别为114.4和87.8.95%可信区间分别为73.7-196.5和71.3~162.9;Slope值(M值)分别为22.3×10-3和44.0×10-3,95%可信区间分别为13.7×10-3~41.1×10-3和46.1×10-3~81.8×10-3;SlopeR值(M值)分别为2.6和11.4,95%可信区间分别为1.9～3.4和9.8~14.5.SImax、PH值在良、恶性病灶间的分布差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);Slope值在良、恶性病灶间的分布差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),但曲线下面积重叠较大;SlopeR值在良、恶性病灶间的分布差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),曲线下面积重叠少.结论 SlopeR值对乳腺良、恶性病灶间的鉴别有重要意义.     

关节镜辅助下微创经皮螺钉内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的:探讨关节镜辅助下微创经皮螺钉内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折的可行性及疗效。方法:自2001年1月-2005年1月,应用膝关节镜检查及监测下经皮螺钉内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折27例,按照Schatzker分类法:Ⅰ型9例,Ⅱ型8例,Ⅲ型5例,Ⅳ型5例。所有病例均行经皮骨折有限显露复位,适当植骨,应用1~3枚松质骨拉力螺钉内固定,术后配合CPM功能锻炼。结果:本组随访6~24个月,平均15个月。骨折临床愈合时间3~4个月,平均3·5个月。无畸形愈合、感染、螺钉断裂。按Sanders膝关节功能评分法评定结果:优12例,良11例,中3例,差1例,优良率85·2%。结论:关节镜辅助经皮螺钉内固定是治疗胫骨平台骨折的有效方法之一,其对膝关节创伤小,可达解剖复位,固定可靠,患肢功能恢复好,并发症少。     

枢椎椎板螺钉在上颈椎后路固定术中的应用

目的探讨枢椎椎板螺钉固定术应用于上颈椎后路融合内固定术中的可行性。方法回顾性分析本院2012年1月—2014年12月在上颈椎后路融合固定术中采用枢椎椎板螺钉固定的19例患者资料,术中根据枢椎椎弓根是否存在缺如、细小等情况,选择置入双侧枢椎椎板螺钉或单侧枢椎椎板螺钉并对侧椎弓根螺钉,联合枕骨板螺钉和/或寰椎侧块螺钉。15例上颈椎畸形患者均有不同程度脊髓功能损害表现,日本骨科学会(JOA)评分为5~15分,平均11.5分。4例外伤性寰枢椎骨折患者有后颈部疼痛及活动障碍,疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分为2~7分,平均4.5分。术后复查患者影像学资料,观察内固定位置及植骨融合情况。结果所有手术顺利完成,未发生椎动脉、脊髓等损伤。术后复查CT,显示所有枢椎椎板螺钉位置良好,均未突破内侧皮质骨。随访时X线、CT示螺钉位置良好,无松动及断钉。所有患者术后12个月植骨均融合,上颈椎畸形患者神经功能均有不同程度改善,JOA评分为13~17分,平均15.3分。外伤性寰枢椎骨折患者颈部疼痛及活动障碍明显改善,VAS评分为0~2分,平均1.0分。结论枢椎椎板螺钉固定在上颈椎后路固定手术中方法简单安全、效果良好,对于无法行枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定的患者,枢椎椎板螺钉固定是一种安全有效的替代方法。     

组织特异性胞嘧啶脱氨酶和5-氟胞嘧啶热化疗对裸鼠结肠癌肝脏转移的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of tissue specific cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine (CD/5-FC) thermotherapy on hepatic metastasis of colonic carcinoma in nude mice. Methods Forty-five nude mice were randomly divided into control group, 5-FC group and 5-FC thermotherapy group according to the random number table (15 mice in each group). Mice models of hepatic metastasis of colonic carcinoma were established by portal vein injection of LoVo/CEACD cells. The hepatic metastasis rate and number of metastatic nodules of the 3 groups were compared by ehi-square test and one-way ANOVA. The pathological changes in tumor tissues and apoptotic index of tumor cells were observed. The expression of the CD gene in tumor tissues was detected by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Results The number of metastatic nodules and liver metas-tasis rate were 4.6±1.3 and 100.0% in control group, 2.2±1.0 and 60.0% in 5-FC group, 0.5±0.8 and 13.3% in 5-FC thermotherapy group, with statistical difference among the 3 groups (F=25.898, χ2=5.208, 19.548, 5.168, P<0.05). The mean apoptotic indexes of tumor cells of the 3 groups were 4.6%, 9.9% and 17.4%, respectively. Vacuolar degeneration, cell necrosis, cytolysis and apoptotic bodies were mostly observed in the 5-FC thermotherapy group. The expression of CD gene in tumor tissue was detected in all the groups. Conclusion Tissue specific CD/5-FC thermotherapy has inhibitory effects on the hepatic metastasis of LoVo cells transfected with CD gene.     

内镜辅助腹腔镜手术在早期结肠癌治疗中的应用

目的 探讨内镜辅助腹腔镜(双镜)手术在早期结肠癌治疗中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2002年3月至2007年12月间应用双镜手术治疗55例早期结肠癌患者的临床资料.结果 53例成功实施内镜定位、腹腔镜游离结肠肠段切除术,根据术中冰冻病理切片结果追加腹腔镜根治术11例;2例(3.6%)内镜定位后因小肠胀气中转开腹.平均手术时间90(55～240)min,术中平均出血量50(10～200)ml.51例(92.7%)术后2～3 d肛门排气,术后平均住院时间为5(2～15)d,无术后并发症.术后平均随访42(3～72)个月,除1例死于心肌梗死外,其余存活至今,均无肿瘤复发转移.结论 内镜辅助腹腔镜手术可充分发挥两者的优势,是早期结肠癌有效的治疗方法之一.     

戊二醛交联提高胶原/壳聚糖真皮支架抗细胞收缩能力的研究

目的 应用交联处理的胶原支架,来减缓其降解过多、易收缩变形、机械性能不足等缺点.方法 采用冷冻-冻干法构建胶原/壳聚糖多孔支架,并通过戊二醛交联构建具有良好抗细胞收缩稳定性和细胞相容性的胶原支架.通过测定不同培养时间各类支架的尺寸变化,研究了戊二醛交联对支架抗细胞收缩能力的影响.结果 戊二醛交联后的胶原/壳聚糖支架未见明显收缩,其细胞活性也始终高于干热交联支架.结论 戊二醛能有效地提高胶原基支架的抗细胞收缩能力,并保持其良好的生物相容性.     

组织特异性胞嘧啶脱氨酶和5-氟胞嘧啶热化疗对裸鼠结肠癌肝脏转移的影响

目的 探讨组织特异性胞嘧啶脱氨酶/5-氟胞嘧啶(CD/5-FC)系统热化疗对裸鼠结肠癌肝脏转移的影响.方法 将45只裸鼠按随机数字表法分为3组:对照组、非热疗组、热疗组,每组15只.门静脉注射法建立结肠癌肝脏转移动物模型,3组分别给予不同的治疗方法.采用χ2检验和单因素方差分析3组肝脏肿瘤转移率、转移数目;观察各组病理学变化、肿瘤细胞凋亡指数;荧光定量RT-PCR和Westernblot检测肿瘤组织中CD基因的表达情况.结果 对照组、非热疗组、热疗组肝脏平均转移癌结节数目和转移率分别为(4.6±1.3)、(2.2±1.0)、(0.5±0.8)个和100.0%、60.0%、13.3%,3组比较差异有统计学意义(F=25.898,χ2=5.208,19.548,5.168,P<0.05);肿瘤细胞凋亡指数平均为4.6%、9.9%和17.4%.热疗组可见大量细胞空泡变性、坏死、溶解现象,有较多的凋亡小体形成.3组均可以检测到CD基因的表达.结论 组织特异性CD/5-FC系统热化疗对转CD基因结肠癌LoVo细胞裸鼠肝脏转移有明显的抑制作用.     

低位直肠癌前切除术后肛门直肠内压力变化的临床研究

目的研究低位直肠癌前切除术后患者肛门直肠内压力的变化,探讨其与吻合口瘘发生的关系。方法42例直肠癌前切除患者,术中将1根乳胶引流管和2根分别为10号、6号的吸痰管固定在一起,通过肛门置于肠腔,达吻合口上方约5 cm处,并将这3根引流管缝合固定在肛周皮肤上,分别接引流袋,术后采用中心静脉压测压系统,以静止测压法测定术后1~6 d内肛门直肠内压力的变化。结果术后2例发生吻合口瘘,未瘘组患者术后肛门直肠内压力变化呈先增高后降低的趋势,第4 d压力最高;而吻合瘘组患者的肛门直肠内压基本呈持续增高的趋势。吻合口瘘组第4、5、6 d的压力均高于未瘘组。结论术后肛门直肠内压力的变化与吻合口瘘的发生有关,可能是导致术后吻合口瘘的原因之一。