全程系统化护理干预对前列腺癌雄激素撤除治疗不良事件的影响

[目的]探讨全程系统护理干预对前列腺癌撤除雄激素治疗后不良事件的影响。[方法]将80例接受去雄激素治疗的前列腺癌病人随机分为两组,全程护理组40例采用全程系统跟踪护理干预,常规护理组采用常规方法进行护理,比较两组不良事件的发生情况。[结果]两组不良事件发生情况比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。[结论]全程系统护理干预可减少前列腺癌去雄激素治疗后的不良事件,提高前列腺癌病人生活质量。     

急性创伤性脑损伤后凝血病患者的血糖水平与预后的相关性研究

目的探讨急性创伤性脑损伤后凝血病患者的血糖水平与预后的相关性。方法对120例急性创伤性脑损伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,观察血糖水平对其凝血功能及其预后的影响。结果血糖水平与凝血病发病率呈正相关(P<0.01),凝血病患者的血糖水平与生存率呈负相关(P<0.01),与其病残程度呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论血糖水平可为创伤性凝血病的早期诊治提供新的方法和思路,并对患者的预后评价具有重要参考价值。     

Facts and fiction of the relationship between preexisting tuberculosis and lung cancer risk: A systematic review

There has been conflicting evidence concerning the possible association between tuberculosis (TB) and subsequent risk of lung cancer. To investigate whether currently published epidemiological studies can clarify this association, we performed a systematic review of 37 case‐control and 4 cohort studies (published between January 1966 and January 2009) and a meta‐analysis of risk estimates, with particular attention to the role of smoking, passive smoking and the timing of diagnosis of TB on this relationship. Data for the review show a significantly increased lung cancer risk associated with preexisting TB. Importantly, the association was not due to confounding by the effects of tobacco use (RR = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4–2.2, among never smoking individuals), lifetime environmental tobacco smoke exposure (RR = 2.9, 95%CI = 1.6–5.3, after controlling) or the timing of diagnosis of TB (the increased lung cancer risk remained 2‐fold elevated for more than 20 years after TB diagnosis). Interestingly, the association was significant with adenocarcinoma (RR = 1.6, 95%CI = 1.2–2.1), but no significant associations with squamous and small cell type of lung cancer were observed. Although no causal mechanism has been demonstrated for such an association, present study supports a direct relation between TB and lung cancer, especially adenocarcinomas. © 2009 UICC     

治前丸2号治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎40例临床观察

目的:观察治前丸2号治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的临床疗效。方法:将80例慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者随机分为治疗组与对照组各40例。治疗组予治前丸2号口服,对照组口服普乐安片,两组均治疗4周后作出疗效评价。结果:总有效率治疗组为87.5%,对照组为55.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组优于对照组;肾气亏虚证候积分;NIH-CPSI积分、前列腺液MIP-2含量、外周血Th1/Th2比率等指标组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组均优于对照组。结论:治前丸2号治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎具有良好疗效。     

Norms for priority setting among health professionals: a view from Norway

Which patients should be treated, and who should be treated first? In this paper, the attitudes of health professionals towards setting priorities are examined through an analysis of interview and questionnaire data answered by senior physicians and senior nurses in Norwegian hospitals. The data indicate that patients’ needs remain the most important motive behind such decisions, especially among the eldest respondents. Expected medical effects of the intervention are also important, but not the ratio of effects to costs. Some, especially the youngest respondents, say that they give priority to patients’ on sick leave. Differences between age groups may be a sign of a changing normative orientation. The two professions usually agree, except that nurses are more concerned about financial aspects than physicians are. Differences between departments and hospitals suggest that their normative orientation is influenced by the clinical problems with which they are dealing.     

Impact of tension‐free vaginal tape procedure on dysfunctional voiding in women with stress urinary incontinence

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of dysfunctional voiding (DV) in female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and its modification after tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure. Methods: Three hundred and sixty women with SUI were enrolled and underwent urodynamics from 2002 to 2008. DV was determined when non‐neurogenic detrusor‐sphincter dyssynergia occurred during voluntary voiding. It was further quantitatively analyzed using the tense/loose value, a parameter derived from external anal sphincter electromyogram. The distribution of other urodynamic variables was also evaluated. One hundred and fifty patients underwent the TVT procedure and forty of them were studied with urodynamics after surgery during follow up. Results: Overall, DV was diagnosed in ninety‐nine patients, with a prevalence of 27.5%. The functional profile length in SUI women with DV was significantly shorter than that in SUI women without DV (3.13 ± 0.76 vs 3.32 ± 0.65, P = 0.017). After the TVT procedure, the recovery of SUI between cases with and without DV showed no significant difference. The rate of DV state change after the surgery, namely from with to without DV or from without to with DV, significantly differed between the female patients with and without DV (66.7% vs 3.6%, P < 0.05) during follow up. The DV improved after the surgery in SUI women with DV. Conclusions: DV might represent a coexistent finding in women with SUI. The main difference of women with SUI and DV, as compared with those without DV, is a shortened functional profile length. In such cases, TVT procedure can improve DV along with the treatment of SUI.     

烟雾病合并后循环病变的临床特征

目的探讨烟雾病合并后循环病变的流行病学及临床特征,以提高对烟雾病的认识。方法回顾性分析我科2002年1月～2010年1月收治的烟雾病合并后循环病变252例的临床资料。结果 252例中〈10岁46例（18.3%）,10～18岁47例（18.6%）,≥18岁159例（63.1%）,年龄分布上有两个发病高峰,最高峰位于10～14岁,另一高峰位于40～44岁。男女发病年龄无明显差异。地域分布中,河南省57例,山东省42例,河北省35例,其余分布于其他27个省、直辖市。19例（7.5%）有家族遗传史。本组以短暂性脑缺血发作、脑梗死、头痛、头晕、脑出血、癫痫等为首发症状,均经全脑血管造影或磁共振动脉造影（MRA）确诊。结论烟雾病合并后循环病变流行病学及临床特征独特,遇到疑似病例可行全脑血管造影或MRA等检查,以助诊断。     

麻黄卟啉铜钠的制备工艺及性质的研究

目的：研究麻碱提取时综合利用麻黄资源，提取卟啉类化合物，方法：通过2种工艺、2次正交试验对制备卟啉铜钠的工艺条件进行优化。结果：麻黄草粉碎，乙醇浸煮、皂化、二甲苯萃取，上层转提麻黄碱；下层铜代，酸化，碱化得麻黄卟啉铜钠。结论：麻黄卟啉铜钠在稳定性和色对方面优于麻黄卟啉。     

Update on the management of fungal keratitis

Purpose

The aim of this article is to introduce the recent advance on the studies of fungal keratitis published over past 5 years.

Methods

We performed literature review of articles published on PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI and Web of Science relevant to the diagnosis, pathogenesis and novel treatment of fungal keratitis.

Results

Excessive inflammation can lead to stromal damage and corneal opacification, hence the research on immune mechanism provides many potential therapeutic targets for fungal keratitis. Many researchers discussed the importance of earlier definitive diagnosis and were trying to find rapid and accurate diagnostic methods of pathogens. Develop new drug delivery systems and new routes of administration with better corneal penetration, prolonged ocular residence time, and better mucoadhesive properties is also one of the research hotspots. Additionally, many novel therapeutic agents and methods have been gradually applied in clinical ophthalmology.

Conclusion

The diagnosis and treatment of fungal keratitis are still a challenge for ophthalmologist, and many researches provide new methods to conquer these problems.