NLRP3炎症小体与糖尿病心肌病的关系及中医药调控研究进展

糖尿病心肌病（DCM）是糖尿病的并发症之一,是指发生在糖尿病中,其发病机制区别于其他心血管疾病如冠心病、心脏瓣膜病、亦或先天性心脏病的一种特发类心肌病,亦是多年以来糖尿病患者的主要致死病因之一。研究表明,DCM的发病机制与胰岛素抵抗、多种炎症反应激活、氧化应激增加、冠状动脉微循环受阻、晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）积累等过程有密切联系。而在多种炎症反应中,NOD样受体蛋白3（NLRP3）炎症小体激活可通过炎症的级联反应诱导分泌出大量促炎细胞因子,继而介导细胞焦亡过程,促进心肌损伤。目前基于NLRP3炎症小体在DCM损伤防治重要作用功能,国内外开展了大量中医药实验研究,证明了黄芪多糖、人参皂苷Rb₁等中药提取物或单味中药如云芝、冬虫夏草亦或抵挡汤、加味桃核承气汤等组方制剂及针刺、中医运动疗法等可通过调控NLRP3炎症小体的相关通路从而抑制其组装或激活,降低炎症反应,进而抑制DCM中心肌的重构,改善DCM的心脏功能。该文就NLRP3炎症小体与DCM的关系及中医药在此领域中发挥抗炎效应的研究进展进行综述,旨在为DCM开发治疗手段提供新的思路。     

白细胞介素1刺激破骨细胞性骨吸收作用的实验研究

目的：了解白细胞介素1β（IL－1β）在破骨细胞性骨吸收中的刺激作用及其相应的作用机制。方法：分别将新生大鼠破骨细胞单独以及和成骨细胞联合接种于预置象牙片的培养板中。24h后培养液中加入不同浓度的IL－1β。继续培养48h,然后取出象牙片,超声处理后行甲苯胺蓝染色,光镜下观察骨吸收陷窝的数目并计算其部面积。结果：IL－1β能够明显增加坡骨细胞和成骨细胞联合培养组象牙片上吸收陷窝的数目和面前,且刺激作用呈剂量依赖性,但对单独培养的破骨细胞无明显刺激作用。结论：IL－1β的刺激骨吸收作用由成骨细胞所介导,而非直接作用于破骨细胞。     

异基因外周血造血干细胞移植后巨细胞病毒间质性肺炎

目的：探讨异基因外周血造血干细胞移植(Allo-PBSCT)后间质性肺炎（IP）的病因,危险因素及防治方法。方法;将Allo-PBSCT患者分为更昔洛韦（GCV）预防组18例和对照组（未预防组）22例,比较两组巨细胞病毒南性肺炎（CMV－IP）的发生率。结果：对照组Allo-PBSCT患者中并发CMV－IP5例,预防组无1例发生CMV－IP。发生CMV－IP的高危因素为女性供者,合并移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）。4例治愈,1例治疗无效死亡。结论：Allo-PBSCT后CMV感染是IP的主要病因,IP的发生与GVHD严重程度及妇性供者密切相关,GCV能有效预防和治疗CMV－IP。     

人大肠癌中基质金属蛋白酶-7 mRNA的表达

目的:探讨基质金属蛋白酶-7(matrix metalloproteinase 7,MMP-7)与大肠癌浸润和转移的关系.方法:用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测大肠癌和正常黏膜、炎性息肉、腺瘤及淋巴结中MMP-7 mRNA的表达.结果:97.4%(37/38)的大肠癌和1例肝转移中MMP-7 mRNA表达阳性,而相应正常黏膜几乎不表达;大肠癌中MMP-7 mRNA的表达水平随Dukes分期的进展而逐渐升高(P＜0.01),A期(0.28±0.08),B期(0.54±0.17),C期(0.55±0.09),D期(0.73±0.06).5例腺瘤MMP-7均为阳性,但表达水平低于癌组织(P＜0.01);3例炎性息肉均未见MMP-7表达.传统组织学检查有癌转移的13个淋巴结MMP-7表达均为阳性;组织学检查未见转移的12个淋巴结MMP-7表达6个阴性、6个阳性,再次行组织学检查于6个MMP-7阳性者中发现3个有微转移.结论:MMP-7的高表达可能在大肠癌的浸润和转移过程中具有重要作用;用RT-PCR方法检测淋巴结中MMP-7mRNA的表达是诊断大肠癌淋巴结微转移的敏感方法.     

真空紫外辐照对加成型硅橡胶光学性能的影响

考察了加成型硅橡胶在真空环境中经1000ESH紫外辐照后的性能变化。结果表明,辐照后材料均出现发黄的现象,光学透过率大幅度 下降,同时加入硅酸钾包覆后制备的热控涂层反射率下降。经原位测试与离位测试,发现加成型硅橡胶在两种不同条件下测得的结果差异较小,而在有机硅橡胶中加入ZnO后原位与离位测试结果则差异明显,表现出明显的漂白作用。     

血脂康对肾病综合征病人脂代谢的影响

目的 :研究血脂康对肾病综合征病人脂代谢的调节作用 ,并与辛伐他汀比较。方法 :37例肾病综合征高脂血症病人随机分为血脂康组 (19例 ,血脂康 1.2g/d)和辛伐他汀组 (18例 ,舒降之 10mg/d) ;治疗前和治疗 4周后分别检测肝、肾功能、血脂、电解质及 2 4h尿蛋白。结果 :两组在治疗 4周后TC、TG及LDL C均下降 (P均 <0 .0 1) ,TP、ALB和HDL C升高 (P <0 .0 1或 <0 .0 5 ) ;而两组间比较治疗前和治疗 4周后的上述指标差异均无显著性 (P均>0 .0 5 )。结论 :血脂康能显著性降低肾病综合征病人TC、TG和LDL C水平 ,提高HDL C水平。     

有机溶液环境下中药成分的纳滤分离机制及适用性研究策略

随着有机溶液在中药制药领域应用的逐渐普遍,涉及到提取、醇沉、树脂洗脱剂成分制备等环节,从而衍生出衔接性的热处理精制引起中药成分转化、溶剂污染等问题。纳滤具有常温化分离优势,但适用于水溶液的分离模型在有机溶液中存在明显的局限性。通过综述纳滤分离机制,结合复杂溶液体系下中药成分的真实状态和传质行为,以期发现适用于有机溶液环境的中药成分纳滤分离研究策略,提升纳滤技术在中药制药领域的适用性,推动中药资源的合理化利用。     

Clinicopathological characteristics,prognosis, and chemosensitivity in patients with metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma

PurposeTo investigate the clinical characteristics, chemosensitivity, and outcome of metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).Patients and MethodsRecords of patients with metastatic UTUC since January 2005 were retrieved from a database that included clinical and survival data. Statistical analyses including survival and multivariate analyses of factors were respectively performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsA total of 250 consecutive UTUC cases were evaluated. There were 56 patients (22.4%) with initially diagnosed stage IV disease. The most common metastatic sites were lung (39.6%), distant lymph nodes (39.2%), bone (19.6%), liver (18.0%), and adrenal gland (7.2%), respectively, and the local recurrence rate was 10.4%. Two hundred thirteen patients received first-line chemotherapy. The overall response rate was only 28.7% and the median progression-free survival time was only 5.0 months. The overall survival time of the cohort was 18.0 months. Multivariate analyses showed that initially diagnosed stage IV disease, number of metastatic organs ≥3, no response to chemotherapy and cycles of chemotherapy ≤2 were adverse prognosticators for overall survival.ConclusionUTUC presented to be more prone to metastasize than locally recur and thought to have low chemosensitivity. Stage IV disease at initial diagnosis, number of metastatic organs, response and cycles of chemotherapy were independent prognosticators for metastatic UTUC.     

The introduction of treatment and the cultural adaptability of western psychotherapies for eating disorders in China

In the past 40 years, the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) in China has shown an increasing trend, leading to an urgent need to develop efficient treatment modes and methods. Since the beginning of the new century, the diagnosis, treatment, and research of ED in China have been under development. This article gives an introduction and commentary on the treatment modes, treatment methods and their applications in ED in China. There are two main treatment forms for ED until now, that is, inpatient treatment and outpatient treatment. Inpatient treatment is recommended as the first choice. Since 2008, clinical psychotherapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), and family-based treatment (FBT), which are effective for pathological symptoms of ED, have been introduced into China and developed clinically. Group CBT and group DBT for patients with ED and group FBT for caregivers might be the most efficient psychotherapy in China nowadays. A multi-family FBT support group could be developed as the basic treatment of ED patients. Although these new types of psychotherapy have observed effectiveness in clinical application, the Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) are rare and need to be developed.