胆源性感染性休克兔血栓素、前列环素与血小板聚集率的变化

动态观察胆总管急性完全性梗阻并感染、继发休克兔的血浆血栓素(TXA_2)和前列环素(PGI_2)的稳定代谢产物 TXB_2和6-keto-PGF_(1α)含量及血小板聚集率的变化。结果,血浆 TXB_2呈进行性升高,20h 后(休克时)呈下降趋势,血浆6-keto-PGF_(1α)6h 升高,随后回降;血小板聚集率呈进行性下降。提示血栓素和前列环素、血小板聚集率的变化在重症急性胆管炎、胆源性感染性休克发病过程中起重要病理生理作用,与病情和预后转归有重要联系。     

噪声对耳蜗外淋巴中某些离子含量的影响

将１８只豚鼠分为１个对照组和２个暴露组，分别暴露于１１５ｄＢ（ＳＰＬ）、１２５ｄＢ（ＳＰＬ），１．５ｋＨｚ纯音０．５ｈ，以皮层听区诱发电位为检查指标，观察暴露前后动物听力的改变，并测定了耳蜗外淋巴中Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋、Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋离子含量的变化。结果表明，声暴露后各组动物听阈明显提高，且１２５ｄＢ组听力损失明显高于１１５ｄＢ组。１２５ｄＢ声暴露后，耳蜗外淋巴中Ｃａ２＋明显降低，而１１５ｄＢ组与正常对照组相比差异无显著性。声暴露对其它离子的含量没有影响。结果提示Ｃａ２＋可能与声损伤，特别是与永久性听力损失有关。     

信号平均心电图低振幅信号的频谱分析

本文共检测119例，其中冠心病69例（含室性心动过速17例）和正常人50例，分别在滤波后QRS综合向量模（A窗）和单导绝对稳过模（B窗）上选取≤40μV的120ms低振幅信号进行频谱分析，以X、Y、Z导联60～120Hz的平均高频面积（HFA）为检测参数，发现各组病人两窗口间有显著差异（p＜0.01）。若以HFA≥740和1240μV为两窗口阳性标准，则B窗对本组室性心动过速的敏感性、特异性和准确性为88.24、97.62和94.92％，A窗为64.71、95.24和86.44％，说明B窗优于A窗。     

Studies on hepatitis C virus and prevalence of its infection in China

PrinceandGoldfieldfirstreportedthenon--A,non--Bpost--transfusionhepatitis(NANBH)byexclusivediagnosisin1974.Theepidemiologicda.talaterconfirmedthatthereweretwokindsofNANBH,parenterallytransmittedNANBHandenterallytransmittedNANBH.'In1989,Chooandhiscolleagues['JidentifiedhepatitisCvirus(HCV)genomiccDNAbyimmunoscreeningtheAgtllcDNAlibraryofthevirus,themajorcausativeagentofparenterallytransmittedNANBH.TheanalysisofthegenomeshowedthatHCVisamemberofflavivirusfamilywithasinglepositiv…     

Association of low caregiver health literacy with reported use of nonstandardized dosing instruments and lack of knowledge of weight-based dosing.

OBJECTIVE: Caregivers of young children frequently measure doses of liquid medications incorrectly. Use of nonstandardized dosing instruments and lack of knowledge that dosing is weight-based contribute to dosing errors. We sought to assess whether low caregiver health literacy was associated with these outcomes. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of caregivers presenting to an urban pediatric emergency room. Dependent variables were caregiver reported use of nonstandardized dosing tools and knowledge of weight-based dosing. The independent variable was caregiver health literacy (Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults [TOFHLA]). RESULTS: Two hundred ninety-two caregivers were assessed: 23.3% reported use of nonstandardized liquid dosing instruments, and 67.8% were unaware of weight-based dosing. Caregivers who were unaware of weight-based dosing were more likely to use nonstandardized dosing tools (28.3% vs 12.8%; P = .003). In unadjusted analyses, overall health literacy, reading comprehension, and numeracy were all associated with both dependent variables. In analyses adjusting for child age, health care experiences, and caregiver acculturation and education, inadequate/marginal overall health literacy was associated with lack of knowledge of weight-based dosing (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.3; P = .03), whereas lower reading comprehension was associated with both lack of knowledge (AOR 2.0; P = .03) and reported use of nonstandardized instrument (AOR 2.4; P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: Low health literacy, in particular reading comprehension, was associated with reported use of nonstandardized dosing instruments and lack of knowledge regarding weight-based dosing. Both caregiver health literacy and sociodemographic factors should be considered in the design of interventions to prevent medication administration errors.     

血清sIL—2r表达水平与脓毒血症的严重程度及预后的关系

目的：探讨脓毒血症患者血清中可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ２ｒ）的表达水平以及与该病严重程度及预后的关系。方法：采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫分析法检测２９例脓毒血症患者血清ｓＩＬ２ｒ表达水平的动态变化，并以３０例正常人作为对照；用ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅡ评分方法对脓毒血症患者进行疾病严重度评分。结果：①脓毒血症患者血清ｓＩＬ２ｒ表达水平较正常人明显升高（Ｐ＜００１）；②脓毒血症患者中死亡者与存活者的血清ｓＩＬ２ｒ表达水平比较，感染初期及晚期死亡者明显高于存活者（Ｐ＜００５）；③以本组患者感染ｄ１的ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅡ评分的中位数１６为分界点，将患者分为２组，２组的血清ｓＩＬ２ｒ水平有显著差别（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：脓毒血症患者血清ｓＩＬ２ｒ表达水平明显升高；该指标与脓毒血症患者的疾病的严重程度及预后有密切的关系。此项指标的检测对判断脓毒血症患者的病情严重度及预后可能有重要意义     

麻醉机呼吸环路碱石灰尘埃污染的情况

目的：观察通气时碱石灰尘埃向呼吸环路中的排放及被呼吸道阻留的情况。方法：麻醉机环路连接集尘袋及筛装新碱石灰。ＪＴ库尔特颗粒计数仪动态测定排尘量。其颗粒测量范围为１～１２５μｍ３，通气１０分后测定呼吸环路加集尘袋内的尘埃量即为总尘量，收取称干重得尘埃分散度。通过对Ｎａｒ－ｃｏｍｅｄ、Ｄｒａｇｅｒ、Ｓｕｌａｒ８０８和１０３麻醉机行上述测量后，另以前者（Ｎ机）为例，其环路按相应处理分干燥、湿化和过滤三组，志愿者模拟通气１０分测定环路含尘量后与总尘量差得气管肺的阻留量。结果：四种麻醉机环路内碱石灰尘埃的分散度达１３ｍｇ／ｍ３以上。尘埃排放量与通气时间呈正比（ｒ＝０．９５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｎ机干燥组中总排尘量的半数以上被气管肺阻留。湿化组该阻留量明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），而过滤组环路内总排尘量和气管肺阻流量下降更为显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：使用新碱石灰通气时，麻醉机环路内存在严重的尘埃污染，环路内湿化有一定的防尘作用，但以滤过处理效佳。     

妇科腹腔镜手术中转开腹22例原因分析

目的 探讨妇科腹腔镜手术中转开腹的原因及从中吸取的经验。方法 回顾分析2004年6月-2007年6月我院982例妇科腹腔镜手术中中转开腹22例的临床资料。结果 腹腔镜中转开腹率为2．24％，22例中转开腹的原因及其所占的比例依次为：盆腔粘连6例（27．27％），子宫肌瘤部位特殊3例（13．64％），并发症3例（13．64％），卵巢恶性肿瘤3例（13．64％），术中出血3例（13．64％），官角妊娠2例（9．09％），盆腔肿瘤来源于肠道者2例（9．09％）。结论 术者手术技巧是手术中转开腹原因之一，要提高手术操作技巧；明确术前诊断，充分估计手术难度，可以减少腹腔镜手术中转开腹率；遇到困难，适时开腹可以减少手术并发症。     

In vitro evaluation of ablation parameters of normal and fibrous aorta using smooth excimer laser coronary angioplasty

A modified exeimer laser energy delivery system was used to irradiate 100 segments of normal and fibrous aorta in vitro. The laser beam was scanned into 8 fiber bundles consisting of 50 fibers each resulting in a reduction of the applied pulse energy. The total repetition rate was increased to 150 Hz in order to keep the repetition rate per fiber bundle close to 20 Hz and to minimize thermal injury. The results demonstrate that effective ablation (etch rate per 8 pulses > 2.0 μm) occurred at an energy fluency of 50 mJ/mm² in both normal and fibrous aorta. Tissue damage (carbonization, tissue separation, fissures, cracks, and vacuolization) was in a range of 100 ± 28 to 152 ± 30 μm for normal aorta and in a range of 57 ± 35 to 110 ± 39 μm for fibrous aorta. We conclude that effective ablation of normal and fibrous human aorta can be achieved by the application of smooth excimer laser coronary angioplasty. This improvement of excimer laser technology may result in a reduction of shock wave- and cavitation-induced damage leading to a reduction of tissue injury. However, this awaits further in vitro and in vivo confirmation. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.