Non-obstructive colonic dilatation in the trauma patient: an analysis of six patients.

Non-obstructive colonic dilatation was diagnosed in six of 13,641 patients admitted to a Level I trauma centre over a 70-month period (incidence, less than 0.05 per cent). Four were older than 60 years, and five required long-term support on a ventilator. Successful treatment depends on expeditious decompression of the dilated colon. Fibreoptic colonoscopy is the recommended method.     

Discovery of potent and selective inhibitors of procollagen C-proteinase for the treatment of fibrotic disorders

Introduction   Fibrosis is a component of many tissue pathologies leading to loss of normal tissue function, primarily due to excessive collagen deposition. Collagen is deposited following cleavage of the C- and N- terminal peptides from the pro-collagen molecule. The cleavage of the globular C-peptide by PCP reduces solubility of the fibrillar collagen molecule, resulting in deposition of insoluble collagen. Increased insoluble collagen deposition is a feature of all organ fibroses, with inhibition of this process, a key potential anti-fibrotic mechanism. The aim of this work was to discover potent and selective PCP inhibitors as experimental, topically applied, anti-fibrotic drugs for clinical evaluation.
Materials and methods   PCP was cloned from human osteosarcoma cells and enzymatic activity demonstrated using a PCP-specific peptide cleavage assay. Activities were confirmed by measuring cleavage of [³H]C-peptide from type-I pro-collagen. A cell-based fibroplasias model was employed to demonstrate compound efficacy using collagen deposition, liberated C-peptide and histological endpoints. The activities of PCP inhibitors in fibroblast and epithelial in vitro cell proliferation and migration assays, and selectivity vs. a panel of MMPs were also determined.
Discussion   In summary, we have identified and characterized potent and selective inhibitors of PCP for progression to clinical studies for investigation as a treatment paradigm for fibrotic disease.  

  Results     

133.

Spectral characteristics of speech at the ear: implications for amplification in children.     

Andrea L Pittman  Patricia G Stelmachowicz  Dawna E Lewis  Brenda M Hoover 《J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res.》2003,46(3):649-657

This study examined the long- and short-term spectral characteristics of speech simultaneously recorded at the ear and at a reference microphone position (30 cm at 0 degrees azimuth). Twenty adults and 26 children (2-4 years of age) with normal hearing were asked to produce 9 short sentences in a quiet environment. Long-term average speech spectra (LTASS) were calculated for the concatenated sentences, and short-term spectra were calculated for selected phonemes within the sentences (/m/, /n/, /s/, [see text], /f/, /a/, /u/, and /i/). Relative to the reference microphone position, the LTASS at the ear showed higher amplitudes for frequencies below 1 kHz and lower amplitudes for frequencies above 2 kHz for both groups. At both microphone positions, the short-term spectra of the children's phonemes revealed reduced amplitudes for /s/ and [see text] and for vowel energy above 2 kHz relative to the adults' phonemes. The results of this study suggest that, for listeners with hearing loss (a) the talker's own voice through a hearing instrument would contain lower overall energy at frequencies above 2 kHz relative to speech originating in front of the talker, (b) a child's own speech would contain even lower energy above 2 kHz because of adult-child differences in overall amplitude, and (c) frequency regions important to normal speech development (e.g., high-frequency energy in the phonemes /s/ and [see text]) may not be amplified sufficiently by many hearing instruments.     

134.

China’s next great leap forward          下载免费PDF全文

Katie Lewis 《Canadian Medical Association journal》2009,180(13):E112-E114

     

135.

DXA-Generated Z-Scores and T-Scores May Differ Substantially and Significantly in Young Adults     

John J. Carey  Miriam F. Delaney  Thomas E. Love  Bradford J. Richmond  Barbara A. Cromer  Paul D. Miller  Martha Manilla-McIntosh  Steven A. Lewis  Charles L. Thomas  Angelo A. Licata 《Journal of clinical densitometry》2007,10(4):11-358

Central dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard for non-invasive measurement of bone mineral density (BMD). Using this value and subject demographics, DXA software calculates T-scores and Z-scores. Professional society guidelines for the management of osteoporosis are based on T-scores and Z-scores, rather than on the actual BMD value. Although one expects T-scores and Z-scores to be very similar in young men and women for any given BMD measurement, little literature exists on this issue. Our clinical experience shows that some younger adult individuals (premenopausal women and men younger than 50 yr) have larger than expected difference between their DXA T-score and Z-score. This cross-sectional study evaluates the extent of this discordance between Z-scores and T-scores in a sample of 4275 men and women aged 20–49 yr. All subjects were scanned by central DXA using equipment manufactured by GE Lunar, GE, Madison, WI, or Hologic, Inc., Bedford, MA. Significant differences between Z-scores and T-scores were seen within individuals at the lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, and trochanter (p value < 0.001) for both DXA systems. Although these differences were less than half a standard deviation (SD) in most instances, the magnitude of difference was substantial at times, being 1 or more SD in up to 11% of cases (range: −1.95 to +1.54 SD). The smallest differences were seen at the total hip and the largest differences were seen at the femoral neck for both technologies. This is in part because there is no single standard Z-score definition, resulting in different methods of calculation across, and even within, DXA manufacturers. Standardization of Z-score definition and method of calculation is indicated. DXA Z-scores should be interpreted with caution in men and women aged 20–50 yr.     

136.

Angiomyxoma diagnosed in a man presenting for abdominal lipectomy     

Lewis A Andres  Mithilesh J Mishra 《CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY》2007,15(3):163-164

Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare tumour that is locally infiltrative but nonmetastasizing. It occurs nearly exclusively in adult women of childbearing age and almost always arises in the perineum and pelvic area. A case of angiomyxoma occurring in a middle-aged, morbidly obese man is reported. The clinical presentation was one of progressing scrotal edema and enlargement with subsequent development of scrotal abscesses, requiring several incisions and drainages as well as oral and intravenous antibiotics. His symptoms and body habitus left him in a significantly debilitated state, prompting him to seek treatment for his conditions. He initially presented for abdominal lipectomy. However, due to the chronic scrotal infections and enlargement, scrotectomy was recommended before any other surgical procedures. A scrotectomy was performed by the urology service. Pathological diagnosis of the excised tumour was an aggressive angiomyxoma. Given the rarity of this tumour, especially in males, the proper diagnosis and treatment of angiomyxoma is still being investigated. With this in mind, the physical signs and symptoms that characterize this condition are presented and treatment options are reviewed.     

137.

RUSSELL TRACTION IN THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE FEMUR: OBSERVATIONS ON ONE HUNDRED FIFTY-SIX CASES     

Lewis KM 《Annals of surgery》1941,113(2):226-244

     

138.

Comparison of Methods for Sampling Lead Fume     

Lewis B. Case 《American journal of public health》1941,31(4):359-362

     

139.

An alternative approach to measuring treatment persistence with antipsychotic agents among patients with schizophrenia in the Veterans Health Administration          下载免费PDF全文

Xinhua S Ren  Shirley Qian    Lewis E Kazis 《Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment》2007,3(2):277-284

     

140.

Retinal degeneration associated with RDH12 mutations results from decreased 11-cis retinal synthesis due to disruption of the visual cycle     

Thompson  Debra A.; Janecke  Andreas R.; Lange  Jessica; Feathers  Kecia L.; Hubner  Christian A.; McHenry  Christina L.; Stockton  David W.; Rammesmayer  Gabriele; Lupski  James R.; Antinolo  Guillermo; Ayuso  Carmen; Baiget  Montserrat; Gouras  Peter; Heckenlively  John R.; den Hollander  Anneke; Jacobson  Samuel G.; Lewis  Richard A.; Sieving  Paul A.; Wissinger  Bernd; Yzer  Suzanne; Zrenner  Eberhart; Utermann  Gerd; Gal  Andreas 《Human molecular genetics》2006,15(9):1559

Human Molecular Genetics     

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Spectral characteristics of speech at the ear: implications for amplification in children.

This study examined the long- and short-term spectral characteristics of speech simultaneously recorded at the ear and at a reference microphone position (30 cm at 0 degrees azimuth). Twenty adults and 26 children (2-4 years of age) with normal hearing were asked to produce 9 short sentences in a quiet environment. Long-term average speech spectra (LTASS) were calculated for the concatenated sentences, and short-term spectra were calculated for selected phonemes within the sentences (/m/, /n/, /s/, [see text], /f/, /a/, /u/, and /i/). Relative to the reference microphone position, the LTASS at the ear showed higher amplitudes for frequencies below 1 kHz and lower amplitudes for frequencies above 2 kHz for both groups. At both microphone positions, the short-term spectra of the children's phonemes revealed reduced amplitudes for /s/ and [see text] and for vowel energy above 2 kHz relative to the adults' phonemes. The results of this study suggest that, for listeners with hearing loss (a) the talker's own voice through a hearing instrument would contain lower overall energy at frequencies above 2 kHz relative to speech originating in front of the talker, (b) a child's own speech would contain even lower energy above 2 kHz because of adult-child differences in overall amplitude, and (c) frequency regions important to normal speech development (e.g., high-frequency energy in the phonemes /s/ and [see text]) may not be amplified sufficiently by many hearing instruments.     

DXA-Generated Z-Scores and T-Scores May Differ Substantially and Significantly in Young Adults

Central dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard for non-invasive measurement of bone mineral density (BMD). Using this value and subject demographics, DXA software calculates T-scores and Z-scores. Professional society guidelines for the management of osteoporosis are based on T-scores and Z-scores, rather than on the actual BMD value. Although one expects T-scores and Z-scores to be very similar in young men and women for any given BMD measurement, little literature exists on this issue. Our clinical experience shows that some younger adult individuals (premenopausal women and men younger than 50 yr) have larger than expected difference between their DXA T-score and Z-score. This cross-sectional study evaluates the extent of this discordance between Z-scores and T-scores in a sample of 4275 men and women aged 20–49 yr. All subjects were scanned by central DXA using equipment manufactured by GE Lunar, GE, Madison, WI, or Hologic, Inc., Bedford, MA. Significant differences between Z-scores and T-scores were seen within individuals at the lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, and trochanter (p value < 0.001) for both DXA systems. Although these differences were less than half a standard deviation (SD) in most instances, the magnitude of difference was substantial at times, being 1 or more SD in up to 11% of cases (range: −1.95 to +1.54 SD). The smallest differences were seen at the total hip and the largest differences were seen at the femoral neck for both technologies. This is in part because there is no single standard Z-score definition, resulting in different methods of calculation across, and even within, DXA manufacturers. Standardization of Z-score definition and method of calculation is indicated. DXA Z-scores should be interpreted with caution in men and women aged 20–50 yr.     

Angiomyxoma diagnosed in a man presenting for abdominal lipectomy

Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare tumour that is locally infiltrative but nonmetastasizing. It occurs nearly exclusively in adult women of childbearing age and almost always arises in the perineum and pelvic area. A case of angiomyxoma occurring in a middle-aged, morbidly obese man is reported. The clinical presentation was one of progressing scrotal edema and enlargement with subsequent development of scrotal abscesses, requiring several incisions and drainages as well as oral and intravenous antibiotics. His symptoms and body habitus left him in a significantly debilitated state, prompting him to seek treatment for his conditions. He initially presented for abdominal lipectomy. However, due to the chronic scrotal infections and enlargement, scrotectomy was recommended before any other surgical procedures. A scrotectomy was performed by the urology service. Pathological diagnosis of the excised tumour was an aggressive angiomyxoma. Given the rarity of this tumour, especially in males, the proper diagnosis and treatment of angiomyxoma is still being investigated. With this in mind, the physical signs and symptoms that characterize this condition are presented and treatment options are reviewed.     

Retinal degeneration associated with RDH12 mutations results from decreased 11-cis retinal synthesis due to disruption of the visual cycle

Human Molecular Genetics