Evaluation of methodology for serotyping invasive and nasopharyngeal isolates of Haemophilus influenzae in the ongoing surveillance in Brazil

To assess the magnitude of discrepant results obtained by routine Haemophilus influenzae serotyping, 258 isolates, collected by the epidemiological surveillance system in Brazil from individuals with invasive diseases or carriage, were evaluated by two slide agglutination (SlAg) methods: SlAg method 1, by which strains were initially screened with a serotype b-specific antiserum, and SlAg method 2, by which strains were tested against all serotype-specific antisera in parallel. Investigators comparing results of the two SlAg methods with those obtained by capsule type-specific PCR were blinded to the method used. The serotype prevalence rates found by the three methods were significantly different, involving discrepancies mainly between serotype b and noncapsulated (NC) isolates. For invasive isolates (n = 131), the overall agreement rate between SlAg method 1 or 2 and PCR was 68.0 or 88.3%, respectively, whereas for colonizing isolates (n = 127) the corresponding rate was 46.5 or 94.2%, respectively. SlAg method 2 improved the ascertainment of serotypes over that obtained with SlAg method 1, demonstrating good correlation with PCR. Use of the polyvalent antiserum as a screening reagent for SlAg for invasive and colonizing isolates showed poor discriminatory power, with a sensitivity of 65.8% and a specificity of 91.7%. We stress the importance of using a well-standardized SlAg methodology and suggest that reference laboratories should utilize PCR routinely to confirm SlAg results and to check all nonspecific SlAg reactions and apparent NC isolates by SlAg in order to provide reliable data on the prevalence of H. influenzae serotypes in the H. influenzae type b vaccine era.     

虾青素对去卵巢糖尿病大鼠骨质流失的防治作用

目的探讨虾青素能否防治去卵巢糖尿病大鼠的骨质流失以及可能的机制。方法 3月龄雌性SD大鼠分为3组(每组6只):对照组CON(假手术),模型组OVX/T1DM(去卵巢糖尿病大鼠),药物组OVX/T1DM-ASX(去卵巢糖尿病大鼠,给予虾青素100 mg/(kg·d)。结果连续治疗60 d后,与OVX/T1DM组相比,OVX/T1DM-ASX组骨密度(BMD)明显升高(P0.01),血清I型胶原蛋白(CTX-1)、骨钙素、I型前胶原蛋白n端前肽(PINP)、抗酒石酸磷酸酶5b(TRACP 5b)水平均显著升高(P0.01)。虾青素治疗能抑制去卵巢糖尿病大鼠骨组织形态学的改变,减少骨髓脂肪细胞增加,提高OPG/RANKL的比值。结论虾青素对绝经后糖尿病骨质流失有保护作用,这种作用与调控OPG/RANKL轴有关。     

电离辐射对放射工作者职业健康的影响

目的 分析放射工作者外周血象、淋巴细胞微核及染色体畸变情况,为放射工作者职业防护和健康监测提供依据。方法 对2015年、2017年和2019年连续3次接受健康检查的127名放射工作者进行淋巴细胞微核、染色体及血象分析,将其设为放射组。另外选取133名无射线接触史的医务人员设为对照组;结果 放射组中淋巴细胞微核率和染色体畸变率高于对照组,白细胞和血小板计数低于对照组,均具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。127名放射工作者外周血白细胞总数随着接触电离辐射时间的增长逐渐降低,染色体畸变率逐渐增加,均具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。损害工龄大于20年的放射工作者染色体畸变率高于低工龄组,不同损害工龄之间比较无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。核医学与介入治疗工种染色体畸变率高于其他工种,具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 长时间接触低剂量电离辐射可使放射工作者白细胞总数降低和淋巴细胞染色体畸变率增加,应加强放射工作者防护措施以备降低电离辐射损伤程度,特别要加强核医学和介入治疗放射工作人员的职业防护。     

H<Subscript>1</Subscript> and H<Subscript>2</Subscript> histamine receptors mediate the production of inositol phosphates but not cAMP in human breast epithelial cells

OBJECTIVE: In the present work we studied the H1 and H2 histamine receptor expression and function in HBL-100 and MCF-10A cells, derived from non-tumorigenic human breast epithelia, and in MCF-10T, the H-ras-transfected MCF-10A counterpart. The signal transduction pathways associated with these receptors, and the expression of proto-oncogenes c-fos, c-myc and c-jun at the mRNA and protein levels, were examined. RESULTS: Saturation analysis using intact cells, showed two binding sites for [3H]tiotidine and [3H]mepyramine. Pretreatment of purified membrane with guanosine 5'-ythiotriphosphate resulted in the loss of the low affinity component for [3H]tiotidine binding, and of the high affinity component for [3H]mepyramine. In both cases, there was no modification in the total number of sites for both ligands. Neither H1 nor H2 agonists stimulated cyclic AMP production, though this pathway is functional in these cells. On the other hand, both H1 and H2 agonists enhanced phosphoinositide turnover in a dose-dependent fashion, and this induction is pertussis toxin-insensitive. H1 and H2 agonists did not influence the expression of c-myc or c-fos mRNA, nor their encoded proteins. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the three cell lines examined showed functional H1 and H2 histamine receptors, which are involved in the metabolic turnover of inositol phosphates but are ineffective in the modulation of the cyclic AMP response. The fact that H2 receptors have lost their ability to stimulate cyclic AMP production would imply the loss of a regulatory mechanism of cell growth.     

彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断肺心病的临床价值

目的：阐述彩色多普勒超声心动图（CDE）诊断肺心病的临床价值。方法：通过CDE对临床上拟诊的肺心病患者进行肺动脉高压（PH）定性、定量的诊断、并观测由PH继发引起心脏在CDE上的异常改变。结果：CDE测定PH44例（88％）,其肺动脉收缩压（SPAP）＞36mmHg,6例（32mmHg≤SPAP＜36mmHg,确诊CPM的临床符合率665（50／76）。结论作为无创性诊技术,CDE估测PH或诊断CPM准确简便,重复性强,对于指导临床治疗意义重大。     

不良妊娠TORCH感染分析

目的　为了了解不良妊娠中TORCH感染的影响。方法　应用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)对 31例不良妊娠及 43例正常妊娠的孕妇进行TORCH感染监测。结果　两组感染率最高均为CMV ,其次为HSVⅠ 。两组相比CMV有极显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ;HSVⅠ 有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。两组IgG检出率最高均为CMV ,分别为 96 .77%及 6 9.77% ,最低均为TOXO ,分别为 2 .9%、9.3% ;两组的IgM检出率最高均为CMV ,分别为 35 .48%、16 .2 8%。两组易感染率最高均为TOXO。结论　CMV、HSVⅠ 是本地区TORCH感染中对妊娠影响最大的病原体 ,二者均为性传播疾病 ,对其危害不容忽视     

共刺激分子B7在肾细胞癌的表达及意义

目的：检测Ｂ７基因在肾细胞癌的表达及其与肾细胞癌分级、分期及预后的关系。方法：本文应用ＲＴＰＣＲ和免疫组织化学技术检测了２２例肾细胞癌组织Ｂ７的表达。结果：ＲＴＰＣＲ５例阳性,免疫组化４例阳性,Ｂ７ｍＲＮＡ表达与肾癌病理分级、分期无关系;病理切片ＨＥ染色显示,Ｂ７阳性肿瘤组织内淋巴细胞浸润明显增多。结论：表达Ｂ７的肿瘤组织局部抗肿瘤免疫反应增强,提示Ｂ７表达可能与肿瘤预后有关。大部分泌尿系肿瘤不表达Ｂ７,为转Ｂ７基因治疗泌尿系肿瘤提供了理论依据。     

蒙药忠论-5胶囊总生物碱测定及其体外溶出度研究

目的 考察蒙药忠伦-5胶囊中总生物碱含量及其体外溶出情况。方法 以苦参碱为对照品，利用酸性染料比色法测定总生物碱；以水为介质，用转篮法考察其体外溶出度。结果 含量测定方法精密度为RSD＝1．89％，平均回收率为100．89％，RSD＝3．49％。；苦参总生物碱相对累积溶出度与溶出时间相关显著(P＜0．01)，T50＝24min，Td＝31min，m＝1．32。结论 用上法测定总生物碱含量及体外溶出度，对评估忠伦-5胶囊质量有实用价值。     

A prospective trial of short‐fractionation radiotherapy for the palliation of liver metastases

The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the effectiveness and tolerability of a simple radiotherapy technique for the palliation of symptomatic liver metastases. Twenty‐eight patients with symptomatic liver metastases were enrolled from seven centres, and received targeted (partial or whole) liver irradiation consisting of 10 Gy in two fractions over 2 days. Symptoms at baseline were hepatic pain (27 patients), abdominal distension (19), night sweats (12), nausea (18) and vomiting (eight). Twenty‐two patients (76%) had failed previous treatment with chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and/or high‐dose steroids. Symptoms and potential toxicities were prospectively assessed at the time of treatment, then 2, 6 and 10 weeks later. Individual symptom response rates were 53?66% at 2 weeks. Partial or complete global symptomatic responses were noted in 15 patients (54%) overall. The treatment was well tolerated with two patients (7%) experiencing grade 3 toxicity (one vomiting and one diarrhoea); however, four patients reported temporary worsening of pain shortly after treatment. This simple and well‐tolerated treatment achieves useful palliation.