Unexpected visitor on FDG PET/CT--brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mesentery in a case of retroperitoneal extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma: is the BAT activation secondary to catecholamine-secreting pheochromocytoma?

Fused positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) technology has enabled the determination that nonmalignant fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake is observed in brown adipose tissue (BAT). FDG uptake in BAT is a known potential source of false-positive interpretations for PET. The typical locations of BAT include neck, supraclavicular area, mediastinum, and paravertebral intercostal spaces. Examples of atypical locations for BAT include posterior neck, left paratracheal area, axillae, perirenal area, and retrocrural area. We report PET/CT findings in a young male patient with malignant retroperitoneal extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma, who demonstrated FDG uptake in BAT at multiple locations including mesenteric BAT. We also propose catecholamine-secreting pheochromocytoma as a possible cause of BAT activation in our case.     

浅蓝菌素联合吉西他滨对人胰腺癌细胞BxPC3增殖与凋亡的影响

目的 观察浅蓝菌素联合吉西他滨对胰腺癌细胞BxPC3生长抑制的协同作用,探讨其机制.方法 以10μg/ml浅蓝菌素、20μmol/L吉西他滨、10 μg/ml浅蓝菌素+20μg/L吉西他滨分别处理对数生长期的人胰腺癌BxPC3细胞48 h,以不经药物处理的细胞作为对照.应用CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖,AnnexinV/PI双染法检测细胞早期凋亡率,RT-PCR法检测Bcl-2、Bax mRNA表达,蛋白质印迹法检测Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达.结果 对照组、浅蓝菌素组、吉西他滨组、联合处理组48 h的生长抑制率分别为0、(51.28±1.84)％、(53.59±1.62)％、(84.57 ±1.01)％;细胞早期凋亡率为(0.83±0.31)％、(31.37±1.04)％、(38.33±0.75)％、(69.43±0.83)％;BxPC3细胞Bcl-2 mRNA表达量分别为0.67±0.01、0.44±0.01、0.36±0.08、0.27 ±0.07;Bax mRNA表达量为0.14±0.01、0.31±0.02、0.32±0.03、0.91±0.06;Bcl-2 mRNA/Bax mRNA比值为4.78±0.13、1.39±0.04、1.15±0.02、0.30±0.02;Bcl-2蛋白表达量分别为1.24±0.04、0.51±0.02、0.42±0.02、0.13±0.01;Bax蛋白表达量为0.20±0.05、0.47±0.01、0.54±0.01、1.21±0.03;Bcl-2/Bax比值为6.00±0.11、1.11±0.01、0.77±0.03、0.10±0.06.各处理组与对照组,联合处理组与单药处理组的差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).结论 浅蓝菌素与吉西他滨对人胰腺癌BxPC3细胞的生长抑制具有协同作用,其机制可能通过上调Bax基因表达,下调Bcl-2基因表达,降低Bcl-2/Bax比值而促进细胞凋亡所致.     

Baseline Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol is Associated with the Magnitude of Triglyceride Lowering on Statins,Fenofibric Acid,or Their Combination in Patients with Mixed Dyslipidemia

Fibric acid derivatives like fenofibric acid (FA) decrease hepatic production of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-associated triglycerides (TG). Hepatic VLDL production can be estimated from VLDL-associated cholesterol (VLDL-C). We assessed if the degree of TG reduction observed with FA, statins, or their combination is associated with baseline VLDL-C. Overall, 2,715 patients with mixed dyslipidemia in three randomized, controlled studies were assigned to one of six treatment strategies: FA, low-dose statin (LDS), FA?+?LDS, moderate-dose statin (MDS), FA?+?MDS, and high-dose statin (HDS). Patients were dichotomized into low- or high-baseline VLDL-C groups. Pooled data were used to compare the degree of TG reduction in patients with low- vs. high-baseline VLDL-C for each treatment arm, using unpaired, two-sided t test. Additionally, the association between baseline VLDL-C level and percentage TG reduction from baseline was evaluated by linear regression. Diagnostic performance of baseline VLDL-C levels in predicting 5, 10, 15, and 20 % TG reduction was assessed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. In all treatment groups, following 12 weeks of therapy, a significantly greater percent change from baseline in TG was observed in the high-baseline VLDL-C group as compared with the low-baseline VLDL-C group. Linear regression analysis indicated that approximately 6 to 13 % of the decrease in TG could be explained by baseline VLDL-C. ROC-derived cut points for baseline VLDL-C were obtained for 5, 10, 15, and 20 % TG reduction. Baseline VLDL-C levels are associated with the degree of TG lowering using FA, statins, or their combination, thereof.     

CML促进高脂诱导糖尿病ApoE－/－小鼠非酒性脂肪肝进展的研究

研究 Nε-羧甲基赖氨酸(CML)对非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的影响并探索其作用机制。首先通过体外实验,观察不同浓度CML对HepG2细胞脂质蓄积的影响。以6周龄雄性ApoE－/－小鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素40 mg/kg/day连续五天,2周后将血糖水平≥300 mg/dL的小鼠纳入实验研究;用免疫组化染色法检测CML的表达,HE染色观察肝脏形态以及检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的变化。结果显示,不同浓度CML处理后,上调肝组织中CML表达。CML浓度依赖性升高小鼠血清TC、TG、AST、ALT、MDA 的含量,降低血清中 SOD、GSH-Px含量,加重肝脏脂肪变性,并增加HepG2细胞内脂质蓄积。结果表明CML促进高脂诱导糖尿病ApoE－/－小鼠非酒性脂肪肝进展。     

Laparoscopic Excision of a Renal Subcapsular Abscess Presenting as a Subcapsular Haematoma

Renal subcapsular abscess is a very rare entity that is defined by a suppurative process localized to a space between the renal capsule and the renal parenchyma. The pathogenesis and aetiology of this entity remain speculative. To our knowledge, only five cases have been reported in the English literature. We describe a 74-year old woman with renal subcapsular abscess treated with laparoscopic removal and do a review of the literature.     

当归补血汤对小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞增殖的影响及作用机制

目的 研究当归补血汤对骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)增殖的影响及其作用机制.方法 以不同生药浓度的当归补血汤作用于小鼠BMSCs,MTr法检测其对BMSCs增殖的作用,流式细胞仪检测其对BMSCs细胞周期与细胞凋亡的影响;RT-PCR及ELISA方法探讨BMSCs的增殖机制.结果 当归补血汤质量浓度为0.5、1.0 mg/mL作用于BMSCs 24 h、48 h后,可明显促进BMSCs细胞增殖;作用48 h后可明显降低BMSCs细胞的G0/G1期,升高S期,抑制细胞凋亡;质量浓度为0.5、1.0 mg/mL的当归补血汤能促进EPO基因表达量升高;质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL时EPO含量相对空白对照组明显升高.结论 当归补血汤具有促进BMSCs增殖的作用,其增殖机制可能与影响细胞周期、抑制细胞凋亡、促进EPO基因的表达以及蛋白分泌有关.