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91.
Gender inequality and gender norms are key social drivers of the HIV epidemic through their influences on sexual relationships, behavior, and risk taking. However, few empirical studies have measured the influence of gender norms on HIV sexual-risk behaviors and HIV testing among men in sub-Saharan Africa. We analyzed cross-sectional, survey data from 399 sexually active men (ages 18–39) in Democratic Republic of the Congo to examine the relationship between the men's support for inequitable gender norms and their HIV-risk behaviors. Logistic regression analyses revealed that moderate and strong levels of support for inequitable gender norms were significantly associated with never having been tested for HIV (AOR?=?2.92, p?.05 and AOR?=?3.41, p?.01, for moderate and strong support, respectively). Our findings indicate that changing the prevailing gender norms should be prioritized in HIV-prevention efforts that aim to increase counseling and testing for men. 相似文献
92.
Trauma und Berufskrankheit - Frakturen der Mittelhandknochen verlaufen nicht selten komplikationsbehaftet und zeigen einen durch Delayed Union oder Pseudarthrosenbildung verzögerten... 相似文献
93.
Ines Mahmoud Aicha Ben Tekaya Mariem Sahli Maha Mahmoud Olfa Saidane Hana Sahli Rawdha Tekaya Leila Abdelmoula 《The Egyptian Rheumatologist》2018,40(2):145-147
Background
Septic arthritis of the costovertebral thoracic joint is a rare site infection. We report an isolated case of septic arthritis of the 10th costo-vertebral right joint with osteitis due to Staphylococcus aureus.Case presentation
A 59 year old Tunisian man presented with a 2 months history of dorsal spinal pain with fever, associated with asthenia, anorexia and loss of weight. There was a raised C-reactive protein (176 mg/L) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (100 mm/1st h). Tests for tuberculosis and brucellosis were negative. In the present patient, the clinical symptoms were unspecific with lack of obvious predisposing factors. He had neither history of taking immunosuppressors nor of any disease indicative of immunodeficiency. Thoraco-abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed a lytic lesion centered on the 10th costo-vertebral right joint and histo-pathologic exam of the costo-vertebral puncture confirmed chronic active osteitis and bacteriologic culture allowed identifying methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. The patient was treated with ciprofloxacin 1500 mg/day, associated with daily rifampin (20 mg/kg) for total treatment duration of 12 weeks after consulting infectious disease specialists. After a follow-up of 6 months, the patient remained asymptomatic and the markers of inflammation negative.Conclusion
Septic arthritis of costovertebral joints should be considered when a patient presents with back pain, fever and elevated inflammatory markers. The diagnosis of septic arthritis of costovertebral joints remain a challenge to clinicians. CT is important to confirm a diagnosis and guide costovertebral biopsy and culture. Early and appropriate antibiotic therapy is important for a required outcome. 相似文献94.
Tom A. Wiklund Carl P. Blomqvist Leila Risteli Juha Risteli Inkeri Elomaa 《Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology》1993,119(3):160-164
We have previously shown that the serum aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) is a prognostic factor for survival in localised soft-tissue sarcomas, and that elevated values are frequent in metastatic discase. In the present study PIIINP is analysed during chemotherapy in 26 patients with advanced sarcomas. Non-responders had a significantly higher pretreatment level of PIIINP than responders (P=0.05), when only patients with no recent therapeutic interventions were studied. However, during chemotherapy PIIINP followed the clinical course of the malignant disease in only a minority of patients. Patients with recent surgery or recently completed chemotherapy had an increased pretreatment PIIINP value (P=0.03). In these patients PIIINP declined during chemotherapy irrespective of tumour response. A pretreatment PIIINP level within the reference range tended to increase with time irrespective of response. Moreover, the values taken during a chemotherapy infusion were significantly higher than those immediately preceding the corresponding cycle (P=0.001). Our results suggest that pretreatment PIIINP is of value as a prognostic factor for chemotherapy response in patients with advanced sarcomas. During chemotherapy PIINP is of minor importance in monitoring response because of the influence of chemotherapy and other therapeutic interventions on the level of PIIINP.This study was supported in part by grants from the Finnish Cancer Foundations, the Medical Research Council of the Academy of Finland and Finska Läkaresällskapet (Finnish Medical Society) 相似文献
95.
Leila Pfaeffli Dale Robyn Whittaker Yannan Jiang Ralph Stewart Anna Rolleston Ralph Maddison 《Journal of medical Internet research》2015,17(10)
BackgroundMobile technology has the potential to deliver behavior change interventions (mHealth) to reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) at modest cost. Previous studies have focused on single behaviors; however, cardiac rehabilitation (CR), a component of CHD self-management, needs to address multiple risk factors.ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the effectiveness of a mHealth-delivered comprehensive CR program (Text4Heart) to improve adherence to recommended lifestyle behaviors (smoking cessation, physical activity, healthy diet, and nonharmful alcohol use) in addition to usual care (traditional CR).MethodsA 2-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial was conducted in New Zealand adults diagnosed with CHD. Participants were recruited in-hospital and were encouraged to attend center-based CR (usual care control). In addition, the intervention group received a personalized 24-week mHealth program, framed in social cognitive theory, sent by fully automated daily short message service (SMS) text messages and a supporting website. The primary outcome was adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors measured using a self-reported composite health behavior score (≥3) at 3 and 6 months. Secondary outcomes included clinical outcomes, medication adherence score, self-efficacy, illness perceptions, and anxiety and/or depression at 6 months. Baseline and 6-month follow-up assessments (unblinded) were conducted in person.ResultsEligible patients (N=123) recruited from 2 large metropolitan hospitals were randomized to the intervention (n=61) or the control (n=62) group. Participants were predominantly male (100/123, 81.3%), New Zealand European (73/123, 59.3%), with a mean age of 59.5 (SD 11.1) years. A significant treatment effect in favor of the intervention was observed for the primary outcome at 3 months (AOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.12-5.84; P=.03), but not at 6 months (AOR 1.93, 95% CI 0.83-4.53; P=.13). The intervention group reported significantly greater medication adherence score (mean difference: 0.58, 95% CI 0.19-0.97; P=.004). The majority of intervention participants reported reading all their text messages (52/61, 85%). The number of visits to the website per person ranged from zero to 100 (median 3) over the 6-month intervention period.ConclusionsA mHealth CR intervention plus usual care showed a positive effect on adherence to multiple lifestyle behavior changes at 3 months in New Zealand adults with CHD compared to usual care alone. The effect was not sustained to the end of the 6-month intervention. A larger study is needed to determine the size of the effect in the longer term and whether the change in behavior reduces adverse cardiovascular events.
Trial Registration
ACTRN 12613000901707; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=364758&isReview=true (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6c4qhcHKt) 相似文献96.
Tanuja N. Gengiah Leila E. Mansoor Michele Upfold Anushka Naidoo Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma Angela D. M. Kashuba Quarraisha Abdool Karim Salim S. Abdool Karim 《AIDS and behavior》2014,18(5):820-825
In the CAPRISA 004 trial, adherence was estimated as the proportion of reported sex acts covered by two gel doses, which was assessed by counting returned empty gel applicators. The returned empty applicators were inspected visually in a standardized manner for residue on the outside of the applicator, as an indicator of vaginal insertion. Over 15 months, spanning 11,839 study visits by 838 women, a total of 59,800 returned empty applicators were inspected. By visual assessment, 77.5 % of these applicators appeared to have been inserted. To test the accuracy of the assessment we fitted a Cox model and found that the risk for HIV infection was doubled when less than half of the returned empty applicators had been assessed as not inserted in the vagina. Visual inspection enhanced both the accuracy of the adherence measurement and aided identification of mechanical problems with applicator use experienced by women in the trial. 相似文献
97.
Kathryn Therese Mngadi Silvia Maarschalk Anneke C. Grobler Leila E. Mansoor Janet A. Frohlich Bernadette Madlala Nelisiwe Ngcobo Salim S. Abdool Karim Quarraisha Abdool Karim 《AIDS and behavior》2014,18(5):849-854
Young women in sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionately affected by HIV, making the development of women initiated and controlled methods of prevention, including microbicides, a priority. Adherence is pivotal to microbicide efficacy and partner related factors are known to impact adherence. An analysis of disclosure of gel use to sexual partners and adherence in CAPRISA 004 women was conducted to better understand this relationship. Partner disclosure was significantly associated with a modest 4.2 % increased adherence (71.0 vs. 66.8 %, p = 0.03). Most women rated the experience of disclosure as positive, despite 6.7 % of partners expressing a negative reaction.Participants who disclosed were more likely to reside with their regular partner (14.4 vs. 8.4 %; p = 0.01) and reported consistent condom use at baseline (32.9 vs. 20.9 %; p < 0.01). Partner disclosure needs to be better understood as a potential facilitator or barrier to microbicide adherence. 相似文献
98.
Hind Bouguerra Elyes Boutouria Mokhtar Zorraga Amal Cherif Rihab Yazidi Naima Abdeddaiem Latifa Maazaoui Awatef ElMoussi Salma Abid Slim Amine Leila Bouabid Souha Bougatef Mohamed Kouni Chahed Afif Ben Salah Jihene Bettaieb Nissaf Bouafif Ben Alaya 《Influenza and other respiratory viruses》2020,14(5):507-514
99.
Safar Farajnia Vahideh Ahmadzadeh Asghar Tanomand Kamal Veisi Shiva Ahdi Khosroshahi Leila Rahbarnia 《Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology》2014,36(5):297-308
Recombinant antibodies are increasingly being employed as therapeutic agents especially in combination with anti-cancer drugs. The single-chain antibody fragments are small antigen-binding proteins which provide the most commonly used antibody formats for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. These antibody fragments have more rapid tumor penetration and clearance from the serum relative to full-length monoclonal antibodies. There are in vitro antibody-display technologies such as phage display, cell surface display, ribosome display and mRNA display that can be used to isolate high specificity and affinity single-chain antibodies against a wide variety of targets. We review these strategies for generation of stable and active antibody fragments in the present article. 相似文献
100.
Conditional ablation of NKp46+ cells using a novel Ncr1greenCre mouse strain: NK cells are essential for protection against pulmonary B16 metastases 下载免费PDF全文
Leila Ben Merzoug Solenne Marie Naoko Satoh‐Takayama Sarah Lesjean Marcello Albanesi Hervé Luche Hans Jörg Fehling James P. Di Santo Christian A. J. Vosshenrich 《European journal of immunology》2014,44(11):3380-3391
To study gene functions specifically in NKp46+ cells we developed novel Cre mice allowing for conditional gene targeting in cells expressing Ncr1 (encoding NKp46). We generated transgenic Ncr1greenCre mice carrying an EGFPcre fusion under the control of a proximal Ncr1 promoter that faithfully directed EGFPcre expression to NKp46+ cells from lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. This approach allowed for direct detection of Cre‐expressing NKp46+ cells via their GFP signature by flow cytometry and histology. Cre was functional as evidenced by the NKp46+ cell‐specific expression of RFP in Ncr1greenCreRosa‐dtRFP reporter mice. We generated Ncr1greenCreIl2rgfl/fl mice that lack NKp46+ cells in an otherwise intact hematopoietic environment. Il2rg encodes the common gamma chain (γc), which is an essential receptor subunit for cytokines (IL‐2, ‐4, ‐7, ‐9, ‐15, and ‐21) that stimulate lymphocyte development and function. In Ncr1greenCreIl2rgfl/fl mice, NK cells are severely reduced and the few remaining NKp46+ cells escaping γc deletion failed to express GFP. Using this new NK‐cell‐deficient model, we demonstrate that the homeostasis of NKp46+ cells from all tissues (including the recently described intraepithelial ILC1 subset) requires Il2rg. Finally, Ncr1greenCreIl2rgfl/fl mice are unable to reject B16 lung metastases demonstrating the essential role of NKp46+ cells in antimelanoma immune responses. 相似文献