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91.
OBJECTIVES: Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by granulomatosis inflammation, systemic vasculitis and glomerulonephritis. In patients, the peripheral T cells are characterized by mono/oligoclonal CD4+/CD8+ T-cell AV/BV receptor expansions, with aberrant expression of activation markers. This study was designed to characterize the phenotypic differences between the expanded and nonexpanded T-cell populations. Expression of markers for activation, costimulation and adhesion molecules was examined. As earlier studies have shown aberrant expression of CD28/CD152, we also analysed the expression of another costimulatory system, the tumour necrotic factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily proteins. DESIGN: Fluorocrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry was used to analyse the expression of the different markers on the surface of the expanded and nonexpanded subsets of T cells. SETTING: The Karolinska Hospital and Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Nine patients with WG (six men and three women) had 16 TCRAV/BV CD4+/CD8+ expanded populations that were characterized. RESULTS: The expanded TCRA/BV CD4+ and CD8+ cells had lower percentages of cells expressing CD28 and higher of those expressing CD152 (CTLA-4). The expanded CD4+ population had more cells expressing HLA-DR, CD57 and CCR5 (CD195), whilst the expression of CD25 was present on fewer of the expanded cells. The expanded CD8+ population contained more cells expressing CD137 (4-1BB), CD137 (4-1BBL), CD30 (Ki-1), CD40 and CD134 (OX40). CONCLUSIONS: There were marked differences in the phenotypes of expanded and nonexpanded T-cell populations.  相似文献   
92.
BACKGROUND: Remodeling of the collagens around the follicle is a major event in ovulation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of collagen I, III, and IV in the human ovary. METHODS: Biopsies of the perifollicular stroma were obtained at sterilization during the preovulatory phase (follicle size >14 mm) or at any of three intervals (12-18 h after human chorionic gonadotrophin: early ovulatory phase; >18-24 h: late ovulatory phase; 44-77 h: postovulatory phase) after human chorionic gonadotrophin. Excised dominant follicles and whole ovarian sections were also obtained. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against collagen I, III, IV, vimentin, and CD 45 was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Collagens I and III were distributed in concentric layers in the capsular stroma with bundles of collagens connecting these layers to form a mesh. Collagen I was present in larger quantities in the outer layers and collagen III showed the inverse distribution. In the theca, collagen I was present in the externa and collagen III in the entire layer. The staining intensity of collagens I and III in the perifollicular stroma decreased from the preovulatory stage. Collagen IV was present in the basal lamina separating granulosa and theca cells. This study shows that collagen I and III are abundant in and around the ovulating human follicle with typical patterns of distribution. Collagen IV is present in the basal membrane that separates the granulosa from the theca cells. Taking into account the abundance of collagens in the follicular wall and their specific localization, major site-directed degradation of collagens seems to be necessary for follicular rupture to occur.  相似文献   
93.
Genetic association of programmed cell death-1 (PDCD1) has been implicated in several autoimmune inflammatory disorders. Hence, in this study, our main objective is to evaluate the association of PDCD1 gene to Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG). We, thus, analyzed three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PDCD1 gene among WG patients and controls. Further, we quantified circulating serum levels of soluble (s) PD-1 in patients and controls. The methodologies used were ABI Taqman allelic discrimination and restriction fragment length polymorphism for genotyping and in-house ELISA for quantifying sPD-1. Statistical relevance was analyzed by Fischer’s exact test. As a result, reduced AA homozygote for SNP in intron-1 was observed, among the patients. However, no association was demonstrated after Bonferroni correction. Also, no differences in genotype and allele frequency were elucidated for SNPs in intron-4 and exon-5. Moreover, we could not demonstrate circulating sPD-1. In conclusion, we show no association of selected SNPs in PDCD1 gene with WG.  相似文献   
94.
The antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts, as well as partially purified proteins extracted from Terfezia claveryi aqueous extract were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. A 5% aqueous extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus by 66.4%, while a methanolic extract was ineffective. Partial protein purification of the aqueous extract using ammonium sulphate precipitation revealed that antimicrobial activity was within the third fraction. This fraction was then subjected to gel filtration using Sephadex G-100. Two peaks were obtained. Peak one possessed higher antimicrobial activity. This peak was then subjected to ion exchange chromatography using DEAE Sephadex. Only peak 4 from the six peaks obtained showed a slight antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activities of the aqueous extract and the fractions that showed antimicrobial activity were compared with reference antibiotics.  相似文献   
95.
OBJECTIVE: Many patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) lose weight also early during the disease. The objective of the study was to investigate possible causative factors for this loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this report, 28 PD patients and 28 age- and sex-matched controls were repeatedly assessed with the focus on body weight, body fat mass, dysphagia, olfaction, physical activity, PD symptomatology and drug treatment. RESULTS: Weight loss was seen in PD patients both before and during L-dopa treatment. CONCLUSION: The underlying disease could play a role, but our results also suggest that L-dopa per se could contribute to the weight loss.  相似文献   
96.
Objectives. The aim of this study was to describe oral development and morphology in 18‐month‐old children with Down syndrome (DS) treated with palatal plates in combination with structured communication and speech training. The aim is further to describe the design of the palatal plates, compliance in their use and to give a brief report of their effect on oral motor function and speech. Sample and methods. Forty‐two children with DS were followed from ≤ 6 months of age until 18 ± 3 months old. In addition to language intervention, and oral motor and sensory stimulation provided by speech therapists for all children with DS in Sweden, palatal plates provided by dentists are included in the training programme. In the evaluation, the children in the project were compared with two control groups of children matched for age; one group of children with DS who had not been treated with palatal plates, and one group of children with normal development. Results. Compared to the children with normal development, both groups of children with DS had fewer teeth erupted and a lower prevalence of sucking habits. Deviant morphology of the tongue in the form of diastase, lingua plicata or a sulcus in the anterior third of the tongue was only seen in children with DS. All children with normal development had positive values for overjet compared to 53% of the children with DS. The palatal plates were used 2–3 times daily for a total mean time of 15 min. Compliance in use of the plates decreased with age, mainly due to eruption of teeth and subsequent loss of retention. Evaluation of oral motor function and speech show that the children with DS in the project had better motor prerequisites for articulation than the control children with DS. Conclusion. Palatal plate therapy did not affect oral parameters, i.e., eruption of teeth, types and prevalence of sucking habits, tongue morphology and symptoms of hypotonia. In combination with oral motor and sensory stimulation, palatal plate therapy had a positive effect on oral motor performance and prerequisites for articulation.  相似文献   
97.
OBJECTIVE: Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a necrotizing vasculitis characterized by clonal expansions of T cells and production of antibodies against proteinase 3. The disease is associated with expanded dinucleotide repeats in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) gene, suggesting that genetic variation(s) in T cell related gene(s) could contribute to the T cell hyperactivity in WG. We investigated the polymorphisms in the genes of 2 cytokines, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-10, which are essential for the polarization of T cells towards Th2 development and for the Ig production by B cells. METHODS: Polymorphisms in the genes coding for IL-10 and IL-4 were analyzed in 32-36 Swedish Caucasian patients and 109 ethnically matched healthy individuals. RESULTS: There was no association with the IL-4 gene. A CA repeat polymorphism in IL-10 gene, IL-10.G, was associated with the disease. This polymorphism has earlier been associated with high autoantibody production. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the IL-10 gene may influence the disease, perhaps by influencing the production of autoantibodies.  相似文献   
98.
Six patients with the minimal change nephrotic syndrome in remission and seven healthy controls were investigated with regard to renal haemodynamics and albumin excretion before, during and after exercise. The glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were determined by a standard clearance method, employing continuous infusion of inulin and para-aminohippuric acid. Microalbuminuria was measured by an immunoturbidimetric method. The work load was standardized at 70% of the maximal working capacity and was applied for 20 min. During exercise there was a significant fall in the glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow and a significant rise in the filtration fraction. The pattern of renal haemodynamic changes did not differ between the groups. Nor was there any statistically significant difference in urinary albumin excretion, although the exercise-induced increase in albumin excretion of the controls did not reach statistical significance. It is concluded that the renal haemodynamics and urinary albumin excretion of children having long remissions of the minimal change nephrotic syndrome are normal at rest as well as during and after a submaximal exercise test.  相似文献   
99.
Patients with Wegener's granulomatosis have a high prevalence of expanded populations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells bearing different / T cell receptors. To elucidate the role of these populations, we studied the phenotypic and functional characteristics of 13 expanded T cell populations in four patients for a period of 35–51 months. The expanded populations generally showed a persistently high expression of the activation markers HLA-DR and CD25. This expression was independent of the activity of the disease. The expanded populations also expressed CD45RO and/or CD45RA and most of them expressed CD57 but not CD28. Analysis of intracellular presence and secretion of IFN-, IL-2, and IL-4 showed that most of the expanded cell populations contained and/or secreted more of these cytokines than the nonexpanded populations, with an especially high expression/secretion of IFN- and IL-2. The expanded populations showed little proliferative response to Con A and OKT3. The proliferative response of the cells was partly restored after preincubation in medium alone. Some of the expanded populations were associated with disease activity, thus suggesting a link between expanded T cells and the disease. The activated status of the expanded populations and the tendency for certain populations to correlate in magnitude with disease activity suggest their involvement in the disease process. The relative stability of these cell populations indicates that the stimulus driving them is persistent, in agreement with the chronicity of the disease.  相似文献   
100.
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