嗅觉味觉功能的临床检测

目的:探讨嗅觉障碍患者嗅觉和味觉功能的改变。方法:284例受试者中,健康人92例,嗅觉功能减退92例,嗅觉功能丧失100例,分别采用T&T、嗅觉事件相关电位(OERPs)及三滴法进行嗅觉和味觉功能检测。结果:T&T结果,嗅觉功能减退和丧失患者跟健康人比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。OERPs结果显示,嗅觉功能障碍患者跟健康人比较N1、P2波潜伏期延长且振幅降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三滴法结果显示,嗅觉功能障碍患者跟健康人比较味觉功能有明显减退,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各组之间男女比较差异无统计学意义。结论:嗅觉功能障碍患者同时伴有味觉功能的减退,嗅觉和味觉功能的减退与性别关联不大。嗅觉味觉的联合检查可以全面系统反映受试者的化学感觉功能,为临床诊断和治疗提供科学依据。     

Valorization of Grape Pomace and Berries as a New and Sustainable Dietary Supplement: Development,Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity Testing

Grape pomace and berries represent natural sources of phytochemicals that can increase the quality of life of consumers by contributing to the prevention of chronic diseases; thus, the development of a dietary supplement was necessary. The raw material (r.m.) used for the development of the dietary supplement consisted of dried and powdered bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), red currants (Ribes rubrum L.), and red fermented pomaces (Vitis vinifera L.) from Feteasca Neagra and Cabernet Sauvignon cultivars. The particle size distribution, powder flow, total phenolic content (TPC), HPLC-DAD phenolic profile assessment, and radical scavenging assay (RSA) were employed for the analysis of the raw material. After encapsulation, the average mass and uniformity of mass, the disintegration, and the uniformity of content for the obtained capsules were performed to obtain a high-quality dietary supplement. All the assays performed complied to the compendial requirements and the TPC was determined at 9.07 ± 0.25 mg gallic acid equivalents/g r.m. and RSA at 48.32 ± 0.74%. The highest quantities of phenolic compounds determined were 333.7 ± 0.50 µg/g r.m. for chlorogenic acid, followed by rutin, ferulic acid, and (+)-catechin with 198.9 ± 1.60 µg/g r.m., 179.8 ± 0.90 µg/g r.m. and 118.7 ± 0.75 µg/g r.m., respectively. The results of this study can be used for the manufacturing and assessing of pilot scale-up capsule batches and thinking of quality assurance, we recommend that the industrial batch extracts should be standardized in polyphenols, and the manufacturing process should be validated.     

深圳市学龄前儿童变应性鼻炎与反复呼吸道感染相关性的流行病学调查

目的:了解深圳市学龄前儿童变应性鼻炎与反复呼吸道感染患病率情况及其两者之间的相关性,对学龄前儿童变应性鼻炎与反复呼吸道感染的患病率、易感因素、过敏原、治疗和转归情况进行调查和分析.方法:先由耳鼻咽喉科专科医生对调查对象进行专科体检,并将专科检查结果记录在案,由调查员向幼儿家长发放调查问卷并解释表格内容含义,收回问卷进行统计学分析.结果:深圳市学龄前儿童变应性鼻炎患病率20.1%,反复呼吸道感染患病率13.7%,变应性鼻炎并发反复呼吸道感染的患病率(18.0%)比非变应性鼻炎(7.8%)高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:初步了解深圳市学龄前儿童变应性鼻炎和反复呼吸道感染的流行现状,为变应性鼻炎的标准化防治提供了流行病学资料.     

Early color deprivation and subsequent color vision in a dichromatic monkey

A squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) was reared for the first 4 months of life in a dim, colorless environment. Following an additional 10 months of normal visual experience, tests of color vision and spectral sensitivity were run on this animal and a control subject. The results suggest that the adult expression of dichromatic color vision does not depend on color experience during the first 4 months of life.     

【In Press】Clinical outcomes of patterned laser trabeculoplasty as adjuvant therapy in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension

AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of patterned laser trabeculoplasty (PLT) as an adjunctive treatment in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) patients who were under antiglaucoma medical treatment. METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of primary or secondary OAG patients and OHT patients with medically uncontrolled (≥18 mm Hg) intraocular pressure (IOP) who underwent 360º PLT from June 2016 to August 2016. Follow-up visits at week 1, and 1, 3 and 6mo were performed. IOP, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), complications and eye drop glaucoma medication were recorded at each follow-up visit. Success was defined as IOP reduction ≥20% from baseline. RESULTS: Forty one eyes of 25 patients were included in this study. Pre-treatment mean IOP was 20.2±1.6 mm Hg. After PLT, IOP was 19.3±5.2, 16.1±2.7, 17.1±3.7 and 16.3±3.5 mm Hg, at 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo, respectively. IOP reduction from baseline was statistically significant from the first month, remaining stable at 6mo (P<0.001). PLT success at 6mo of follow-up was 48.7%. The number of glaucoma medication per eye (P=0.10) and the mean BCVA both remained constant (P=0.37). Complications included transient IOP spikes in 4 eyes (9.7%) and peripheral anterior synechiae in 7 eyes (17.1%). CONCLUSION: PLT is an effective and safe method for the management of patients with OHT or OAG as an adjunctive therapy. Additional larger studies should be designed to verify the long-term stability of IOP reduction with this laser technology.     

Cyclosporin A in the ocular fluids of uveitis patients following long-term systemic administration

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To determine the levels of cyclosporin A (CsA) in tears and the anterior segment of the eye following long-term oral intake for autoimmune diseases. METHODS: Subjects taking oral CsA to treat relapsing autoimmune ocular inflammation were included in this study. All of the patients had been quiescent for at least 6 months. In patients scheduled for cataract extraction (group A), the CsA levels in the blood, aqueous humour and anterior capsule of the lens were determined. In subjects not requiring surgical intervention (group B), CsA was measured in tears and blood. The samples were analysed using turbulent flow chromatography coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS: There were 19 subjects in group A and 43 subjects in group B. CsA was detectable in all of the tear samples with a mean value of 22.4 +/- 20.2 ng/ml and there was a significant positive correlation between the CsA levels in tears and blood (P = 0.012). CsA was not detected in any of the surgical samples. CONCLUSION: LC-MS/MS proved very sensitive for detecting CsA in low-volume biological samples. CsA was present in human tears in proportion to the blood level after an average of 12 hours from the last oral intake.     

羊膜移植对杯状细胞生长影响的实验研究

目的：探讨保存的人羊膜移植于兔眼表后对结膜上皮杯状细胞生长的影响。方法：把保存的人羊膜移植于兔眼表,观察羊膜的生长情况并用印迹细胞学方法检测生长于羊膜表面的上皮杯状细胞的数量及形态。结果：移植的羊膜生长良好未发生排斥反应,羊膜上的杯状细胞数量在1,2,3,4,8周时分别是正常结膜的0．67、2．13、5．07、2．63、2．12倍。结论：羊膜能促进结膜杯状细胞的生长及分化,是一种良好的结膜重建材料。     

Eating Habits in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia from North-Eastern Romania

(1) Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic autosomal dominant disorder characterized by elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) that develops deposits of lipids in the arterial wall. Since it is underdiagnosed and undertreated, the disease has a high risk of premature cardiovascular disease and death. Patients are not always aware of the changes they should make in their diet. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate through a food frequency questionnaire their eating habits. (2) Methods: We included 70 patients with FH and 20 subjects in a control group that were evaluated through a physical examination and blood tests. They also completed a food frequency questionnaire. (3) Results: Throughout our study, we observed several aspects: regardless of age, patients with FH had higher carbohydrate intakes compared to the control group; from the same group, a positive correlation was observed between salami intake and the levels of glucose and glycated hemoglobin. Moreover, the sour cream preference was associated with higher liver function tests. In the control group, we observed a higher intake of pasta and fast food and fewer fruit portions. (4) Conclusions: As far as we know, this is the first study from Romania that evaluated the eating habits of patients diagnosed with FH. Our study reveals that, although patients with FH avoid junk food, they still have a high intake of carbohydrates when compared to the control group. Further research is needed in order to get a comprehensive nutritional evaluation of these patients.     

Feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy omission after integration of 18F-FDG dedicated lymph node PET in early breast cancer:a prospective phase Ⅱ trial

Objective:Sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB) is currently the standard of care in clinically node negative(cN0) breast cancer.The present study aimed to evaluate the negative predictive value(NPV) of ¹⁸F-FDG dedicated lymph node positron emission tomography(LymphPET) in cN0 patients.Methods:This was a prospective phase II trial divided into 2 stages(NCT04072653).In the first stage,cN0 patients underwent axillary LymphPET followed by SLNB.In the second stage,SLNB was omitted in patients ...