Radiation exposure reduction by use of Kevlar cassettes in the neonatal nursery

A study was performed to determine whether the use of Kevlar cassettes in the neonatal intensive care nursery would reduce radiation exposure to patients. The radiation dose to the neonates was measured by using thermoluminescent dosimeters. In addition, the attenuation of the Kevlar cassettes and the sensitivity of the film-screen combination were compared with the previously used system. The greatest radiation reduction using a mobile X-ray unit was 27%; based on sensitivity measurements, the theoretical reduction averaged 38%. The reduction in radiation exposure resulted from reduced attenuation by the Kevlar cassette.     

Missed opportunities for measles immunisation in selected western Cape hospitals

Measles is still a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity in South Africa. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recently recommended that greater attention be paid to opportunities for immunisation in the curative sector. This study quantified the extent of missed opportunities for measles immunisation in children attending primary, secondary and tertiary level curative hospitals in the western Cape. Exit interviews of 1,068 carers of children aged between 6 and 59 months inclusive showed that 2.4-40.7% of carers had been requested to produce a Road-to-Health card, and that 4.8-43.1% of carers had a card available. The proportion of children with documented evidence of measles immunisation available ranged from 4.8% to 40.0% between facilities. The study demonstrated that a considerable number of potential opportunities to immunise children against measles are currently being missed in children attending hospitals and day hospitals in the western Cape. The study documents the effect of a fragmented approach to health care, and indicates a need for rapid integration of preventive and curative components of health care into a metropolitan-based primary health care service.     

B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders in children after bone marrow transplantation: radiologic manifestations

The radiographic findings in five pediatric patients in whom unregulated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders developed following bone marrow transplantation are described. Four patients received T-cell-depleted bone marrow from mismatched donors and one received nondepleted marrow from a matched sibling donor. These disorders are similar to B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders that have been described in other immunosuppressed hosts. They are associated with Epstein-Barr virus and range from polyclonal proliferation without cytogenetic abnormalities to monoclonal lymphoma with clonal cytogenetic changes. Unlike other postallograft lymphoproliferative processes, B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders in these patients have not responded to antiviral therapy, immunologic therapy, or chemotherapy. The radiographic patterns of disease include diffuse or focal hepatic involvement; gallbladder wall thickening; and pulmonary, soft-tissue, and basal-ganglion masses. These radiologic findings are not specific and evaluation of tissue histology is required for diagnosis.     

苦楝化学成份的研究

从苦楝(Melia azedarach L.)果中分得苦楝新醇(Ⅰ),苦楝醇(Ⅱ)、苦楝酮(Ⅲ)、苦楝二醇(Ⅳ)、香草醛(Ⅴ)和香草酸(Ⅵ)。根据波谱(IR,MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR)分析和理化常数测定,确定了它们的结构。其中苦楝新醇(Ⅰ)为新化合物,对菜青小虫有一定的拒食活性。     

苦楝化学成份的研究

从苦楝(Melia azedarach L.)果中分得苦楝新醇(Ⅰ),苦楝醇(Ⅱ)、苦楝酮(Ⅲ)、苦楝二醇(Ⅳ)、香草醛(Ⅴ)和香草酸(Ⅵ)。根据波谱(IR,MS,~1HNMR,~(13)CNMR)分析和理化常数测定,确定了它们的结构。其中苦楝新醇(Ⅰ)为新化合物,对菜青小虫有一定的拒食活性。     

Yersinia colitis

A 2-year-old child with a febrile, nonbloody diarrheal illness of acute onset with repeatedly negative stool and blood cultures for pathogenic bacteria is presented. Sigmoidoscopic and roentgenographic studies revealed an inflammatory colitis. Fortunately, diagnostic perserverance and a high index of suspicion resulted in a positive stool culture forYersinia enterocolitica. Serologic study and clinical course provided data consistent with the diagnosis of an infections colitis due toYersinia enterocolitica. This case demonstrates the necessity to considerYersinia enterocolitica in the radiographic differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease of the colon or ulcerative colitis, as well as intractable diarrhea of childhood.