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61.
This article is based on a study of children's experiences of being in care in which children were given the opportunity to choose either their own social worker or an outside researcher to interview them for the purposes of the research. We examine here how the children (N?=?15) describe their choice of interviewer and also explore how the social workers (N?=?8) experience their role as research interviewers. The findings highlight that there is no single reason for children to choose either a social worker or a researcher to be the interviewer. Familiarity, in particular, can either be a motivation or an obstacle. The dual positions of children as research interviewees and as clients as well as the dual positions of social workers both supported and hindered the interviews. Social workers reported new insights into their knowledge about children’s views as a result of the research interview experience. It is argued that the choice of the interviewer may be an option for some children to have their voice heard in research. Ethical balancing and critical dialogue are also suggested as having a role. 相似文献
62.
63.
Subgroup and cost-benefit analysis of the Finnish multicentre trial of clodronate in multiple myeloma 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
Markku Laakso Reino Lahtinen Pekka Virkkunen Inkeri Elomaa 《British journal of haematology》1994,87(4):725-729
Osteolytic lesions and pathological fractures are the major problems in the clinical management of multiple myeloma. We previously reported the main results of a randomized, controlled multicentre trial in 350 Finnish patients with multiple myeloma. All patients received standard melphalan-prednisolone treatment and were randomized to receive either clodronate 2.4 g daily or a placebo for 24 months. The proportion of patients with progression of osteolytic bone lesions was twice as high in the placebo group as in the clodronate group (24.0%v 12.0%, P= 0.026). The purpose of the present study was to investigate factors associated with the progression of osteolytic lesions and to identify subgroups of patients who would benefit most from clodronate treatment. In univariate logistic regression analysis, including treatment (placebo, clodronate), sex, age, pain index, serum calcium and creatinine, myeloma stage, number of osteolytic lesions at baseline, and number of vertebral fractures at baseline as independent variables and the progression of osteolytic lesions as a dependent variable, only the treatment with a placebo was associated with the progression of osteolytic bone lesions. Separate analyses with respect to the progression of osteolytic bone lesions were carried out in the following subgroups: male v female, ± 64 v > 64 years, stage I v stage II-III myeloma, no osteolytic lesions at baseline versus osteolytic lesions at baseline, no vertebral fractures at baseline versus vertebral fractures at baseline, and a 50% treatment response to cytotoxic drugs versus no treatment response to cytotoxic drugs. The treatment with clodronate delayed the progression of osteolytic lesions similarly in these subgroups, with the exception of a subgroup of patients who did not have a 50% treatment response to cytotoxic drugs. The treatment with clodronate did not significantly increase treatment costs. We conclude that the treatment effect of clodronate seems to be independent of sex and age of the patients, the stage of myeloma, and the severity of bone lesions at diagnosis, but not of treatment response to cytotoxic drugs. 相似文献
64.
Laakso MP Tiihonen J Syvälahti E Vilkman H Laakso A Alakare B Räkköläinen V Salokangas RK Koivisto E Hietala J 《Schizophrenia Research》2001,50(1-2):3-7
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have frequently, although not unambiguously, reported hippocampal volume deficit in schizophrenia. Data on the hippocampal volumes in first-episode schizophrenia, however, are sparse. In addition, a recent topographic MRI study proposed a regionally specific volume loss in the hippocampus of chronic schizophrenics, but to date no reports have replicated this finding. In this study two-dimensional MRI-based topographic brain mapping was used to study the possibility of regional changes in the hippocampus of 22 controls and 18 patients with first-episode, neuroleptic-na?ve schizophrenia. Compared to controls, there were no significant differences between hippocampal volumes, regional volumes, or length of the hippocampus in the patients with schizophrenia. These data are at odds with the previous reports on hippocampal volume loss in first-episode schizophrenia, and with the hypothesis of regionally specific hippocampal volume deficit in schizophrenia. 相似文献
65.
Helena Tuunanen Johanna Kuusisto Jyri Toikka Pertti Jääskeläinen Päivi Marjamäki Keijo Peuhkurinen Tapio Viljanen Petri Sipola Kira Q. Stolen Jarna Hannukainen Pirjo Nuutila Markku Laakso Juhani Knuuti 《Journal of nuclear cardiology》2007,14(3):354-365
Background The relationship between myocardial metabolic changes and the severity of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in patients with
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is largely unknown. We characterized metabolic abnormalities in patients with a genetically
identical cause for HCM but with variable LV hypertrophy.
Methods and Results Eight patients with HCM attributable to the Asp175Asn mutation in the α-tropomyosin gene underwent myocardial perfusion, oxidative,
and free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism measurements via positron emission tomography and oxygen 15-labeled water, carbon 11
acetate, and fluorine 14(R,S)-[18F] Fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (18 FTHA). LV mass, work, and efficiency were assessed
by echocardiography. Thirty-six healthy volunteers served as control subjects. Compared with control subjects, HCM patients
had increased myocardial oxidative metabolism and FFA uptake (P<.05). However, in patients, LV mass was inversely related to global myocardial perfusion, oxidative metabolism, and FFA uptake
(all P<.03), and regional wall thickness was inversely related to regional perfusion (P<.01), oxidative metabolism (P<.001), and FFA uptake (P<.01). Therefore patients with mild (LV mass less than median of 177 g) but not advanced LV hypertrophy were characterized
by increased perfusion, oxidative metablism, and LV efficiency as compared with control subjects (P<.05).
Conclusions In HCM attributable to the Asp 175Asn mutation in the α-tropomyosin gene, myocardial oxidative metabolism and FFA metabolism
are increased and inversely related to LV hypertrophy at both the whole heart and regional level. Increased metabolism and
efficiency characterize patients with mild myocardial hypertrophy. These hypermetabolic alterations regress with advanced
hypertrophy.
Dis Tuunanen and Kuusisto contributed equally to this work
This study was financially supported by an EVO grant (Kuopio University Hospital), as well as the Turunen Foundation, Instrumentarium
Foundation, and Finish Cultural Foundation. 相似文献
66.
T Korhonen M Uusitupa E Voutilainen H Sarlund M Laakso M Laitinen M Silvasti K Py?r?l? 《Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics》1987,41(6):633-638
A placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study was carried out in 11 non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetic patients to find out the effects of a hepatic enzyme inducer (phenobarbital, 100 mg/day for 2 months) on the metabolic control, plasma C-peptide, insulin, serum, and lipoprotein lipid levels. Phenobarbital induced a significant increase in hepatic antipyrine metabolizing activity, but no significant changes were found in fasting or postload blood glucose, plasma C-peptide, or insulin levels during the study. There was a significant increase in serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as in serum total and very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides, during phenobarbital treatment as compared with placebo. 相似文献
67.
Novero V; Camus M; Tournaye H; Smitz J; Verheyen G; Joris H; Derde MP; Van Steirteghem AC; Devroey P 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(1):59-63
Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is routinely measured when
evaluating the infertile male for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
However, among the sperm parameters, only its relationship with sperm
concentration is well documented. Few investigations concern the
relationship between FSH and sperm motility and morphology, and the results
of ICSI. A retrospective study of 316 couples who underwent ICSI was
carried out to determine the relationships between serum FSH concentrations
in the male and (i) standard sperm parameters_(concentration, motility and
morphology) and (ii) fertilization, cleavage, pregnancy and implantation
rates after ICSI. There was an inverse correlation with sperm concentration
and total motility but no relationship was found with progressive motility
and sperm morphology. Neither was any relationship found between serum FSH
and fertilization, cleavage, pregnancy and implantation rates, and the
results of ICSI. These findings suggest the need to review the routine
measurement of serum FSH in the infertile male when ICSI is the planned
treatment procedure.
相似文献
68.
T.‐T. Koivula S. M. Laakso H. J. Niemi E. Keklinen P. Laine L. Paulin P. Auvinen T. P. Arstila 《Scandinavian journal of immunology》2017,86(4):221-228
Mutations in the autoimmune regulator gene disrupt thymic T cell development and negative selection, leading to the recessively inherited polyendocrine autoimmune disease autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS‐1). The patients also have a functional defect in the FOXP3+ regulatory T cell population, but its origin is unclear. Here, we have used T cell receptor sequencing to analyse the clonal relationship of major CD4+ T cell subsets in three patients and three healthy controls. The naive regulatory T cells showed little overlap with helper T cell subsets, supporting divergence in the thymus. The activated/memory regulatory T cell subset displayed more sharing with helper T cells, but was mainly recruited from the naive regulatory T cell population. These clonal patterns were very similar in both patients and controls. However, naive regulatory T cells isolated from the patients had a significantly longer T cell receptor complementarity‐determining region 3 than any other population, suggesting failure of thymic selection. These data indicate that the peripheral differentiation of regulatory T cells in APS‐1 patients is not different from that in healthy controls. Rather, the patients' naive regulatory T cells may have an intrinsic defect imprinted already in the thymus. 相似文献
69.
70.