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111.
M Sabatino G Gravante G Ferraro N Vella G La Grutta V La Grutta 《Neuroscience letters》1989,98(3):285-290
Both caudate nucleus (CN) and substantia nigra (SN) appear to be involved in the control of epileptogenic events. Previous investigations had demonstrated that both CN and SN stimulations are able to induce hippocampal theta (theta) rhythm and an inhibition of epileptiform spikes. Since the two structures are reciprocally linked by fibre pathways, experiments were carried out to test the possibility that CN influences the hippocampus via SN or vice versa. To this end, changes in penicillin-induced hippocampal spikes by CN or SN stimulation were studied before and after destruction of SN and CN respectively. Steady interictal activity was induced in the hippocampus of encéphale isolé cats by local injection of penicillin. Stimulations of both CN and SN induced statistically significant reduction of hippocampal spike frequency, and in some cases a clear and regular theta-rhythm. These effects were unchanged by the destruction of either CN or SN. The results add further information to the role played by the basal ganglia and SN in the control of epilepsy, and underline the possibility that caudate and nigral influences on the hippocampus are mediated by different pathways. 相似文献
112.
Norrie disease caused by a gene deletion allowing carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Albert de La Chapelle Eeva-Marja Sankila Mikael Lindlöf Pertti Aula Reuo Norio 《Clinical genetics》1985,28(4):317-320
Carrier determination and prenatal diagnosis in Norrie disease (ND) has so far not been reported. We describe a kindred with 4 members affected by ND in which a deletion comprising gene locus DXS7 on the short arm of the X chromosome defined by probe L1.28 causes the disorder. This allowed us to predict via chorion villus biopsy that a male foetus of a carrier woman is unaffected. 相似文献
113.
Role for flagella but not intimin in the persistent infection of the gastrointestinal tissues of specific-pathogen-free chicks by shiga toxin-negative Escherichia coli O157:H7
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Shiga toxin (Stx)-positive Escherichia coli O157:H7 readily colonize and persist in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks, and we have shown that an Stx-negative E. coli O157:H7 isolate (NCTC12900) readily colonizes SPF chicks for up to 169 days after oral inoculation at 1 day of age. However, the role of intimin in the persistent colonization of poultry remains unclear. Thus, to investigate the role of intimin and flagella, which is a known factor in the persistence of non-O157 E. coli in poultry, isogenic single- and double-intimin and aflagellar mutants were constructed in E. coli O157:H7 isolate NCTC12900. These mutants were used to inoculate (10(5) CFU) 1-day-old SPF chicks. In general, significant attenuation of the aflagellate and intimin-aflagellate mutants, but not the intimin mutant, was noted at similar time points between 22 and 92 days after inoculation. The intimin-deficient mutant was still being shed at the end of the experiment, which was 211 days after inoculation, 84 days more than the wild type. Shedding of the aflagellar and intimin-aflagellar mutants ceased 99 and 113 days after inoculation, respectively. Histological analysis of gastrointestinal tissues from inoculated birds gave no evidence for true microcolony formation by NCTC12900 or intimin and aflagellar mutants to epithelial cells. However, NCTC12900 mutant derivatives associated with the mucosa were observed as individual cells and/or as large aggregates. Association with luminal contents was also noted. These data suggest that O157 organisms do not require intimin for the persistent colonization of chickens, whereas flagella do play a role in this process. 相似文献
114.
Detection of Leishmania infantum kinetoplast DNA in laryngeal tissue from an immunocompetent patient
Guddo F Gallo E Cillari E La Rocca AM Moceo P Leslie K Colby T Rizzo AG 《Human pathology》2005,36(10):1140-1142
Mucosal leishmaniasis of the upper respiratory tract is usually associated with the visceral form or is found in immunosuppressed individuals. This report presents a case of isolated mucosal leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent patient, whose diagnosis mainly rested on histology and positive polymerase chain reaction result for Leishmania donovani in the laryngeal tissue. A 59-year-old man, who never lived outside Italy, showed a subglottic mucosal polypoid-like lesion. The typical morphological picture and positive polymerase chain reaction result for L donovani by DNA extracted from laryngeal biopsy specimens allowed the diagnosis of mucosal leishmaniasis. Specific amphotericin B therapy was started, resulting in clinical and endoscopic improvement. Increased knowledge about the histological and molecular tissue analysis of Leishmania enhances the diagnostic testing for mucosal leishmaniasis, as primary mucosal leishmaniasis may occur in both immunosuppresed and immunocompetent patients who travel to or reside in areas endemic for Leishmania. 相似文献
115.
Anti-MOG autoantibodies in Italian multiple sclerosis patients: specificity, sensitivity and clinical association 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mantegazza R Cristaldini P Bernasconi P Baggi F Pedotti R Piccini I Mascoli N La Mantia L Antozzi C Simoncini O Cornelio F Milanese C 《International immunology》2004,16(4):559-565
There is considerable evidence that multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells into the CNS and demyelination. Several myelin proteins may be encephalitogenic, including myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), the latter being expressed on the external layer of myelin sheaths and hence accessible to antibody attack. We investigated MOG autoreactivity in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by ELISA, employing the recombinant extracellular domain of MOG as antigen. We tested serum samples from 262 MS patients (175 relapsing-remitting, 43 primary progressive and 44 secondary progressive), 131 patients with other neurological diseases (OND) and 307 healthy controls. No patients or controls were receiving immunomodulating treatments. We found anti-MOG antibodies in the serum of 13.7% MS patients, mainly in those with secondary progressive MS (25%), in 13.7% of OND patients and in 6.2% of controls. We found a direct correlation (R(2) = 0.6, P = 0.002) between disease severity and anti-MOG titer only in patients with primary and secondary progressive MS. Anti-MOG antibodies were present in the CSF of 11.4% MS patients and 18.9% OND patients. Intrathecal synthesis of anti-MOG antibodies was demonstrated in four (4.5%) of MS patients and no OND patients. Anti-MOG antibodies are not specific for MS; however, they may characterize a subset of MS patients and this may be revealed by serial assays in relation to changing disease phase. 相似文献
116.
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a stimulator of angiogenesis and cell migration, regulates the growth of a wide variety of
cells by binding to its high-affinity receptor met and is involved in the growth and aggressiveness of several tumors. In
this study we investigated the expression of HGF and met in normal endocrine cells and related neoplasms of the gut and pancreas
to verify their possible role in tumor pathogenesis, growth, and aggressiveness. Normal tissues and 60 different endocrine
tumors were immunostained using specific antibodies directed against HGF, met, and various hormones. HGF immunoreactivity
(IR) was found in antroduodenal G cells, rectal enterochromaffin (EC) cells, and pancreatic A and B cells, whereas met IR
was detected in antral EC and G cells, and in pancreatic B cells; 46 of 60 tumors examined were positive for HGF, and they
were mainly represented by ECL-, EC-, and L-cell neoplasms. met IR was identified in 50/60 tumors of various phenotypes. HGF
and met coexpression was found in 42/60 cases, most of which were represented by EC-cell tumors. HGF/met coexpression was
significantly more frequent in ileolonic EC-cell tumors, which in the majority of cases were malignant, than in appendiceal
EC-cell tumors, which were all benign. Our results demonstrated, for the first time, that HGF and met are specifically distributed
in normal gut and pancreatic endocrine cells and, in addition, suggest that HGF and met may be implicated as autocrine/paracrine
factors regulating the growth of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors, mainly of ileocolonic EC-cell carcinoids. 相似文献
117.
118.
The major indications for the clinical use of oestrogen and progestogen are oral contraception (OC) in young women, and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) in menopause. Over the past few years, epidemiological data have associated the use of these hormones to different cardiovascular conditions such as myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease and venous thromboembolism. This review summarizes the data discussed and the conclusions achieved by the ESHRE Capri Workshop Group, recently published in Human Reproduction. 相似文献
119.
Patrick Gonzalez De La Fuente Jean -Pierre Savineau Roger Marthan 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1995,429(5):617-624
The effect of thapsigargin (TG) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) on the mechanical activity of the rat pulmonary artery were investigated. In chemically (-escin)-skinned arterial strips, application of TG (0.1–1 M) or CPA (0.5–10 M) prior and throughout the loading procedure of the internal Ca2+ stores (0.3 M free Ca2+ ions for 8–10 min) concentration dependently inhibited the subsequent contractile response induced by noradrenaline (NA, 10 M) or caffeine (25 mM). In intact strips repeatedly incubated in a Ca2+-containing solution (2.5 mM for 10 min), followed by incubation in a Ca2+-free solution 12 min before NA-stimulation, TG and CPA not only inhibited the NA-induced contraction but also increased the tension which appeared during the exposure time to Ca2+. The two phenomena developed with similar time courses. The increase in tension during the readmission of Ca2+ ions was not antagonized by verapamil (10 M) or nifedipine (1 M) but was blocked by La3+ (50 M) and Co2+ (1 mM) ions. The amplitude of the verapamil-insensitive TG (or CPA)-induced contraction was dependent on the external [Ca2+] [0.1–10 mM, concentration for half maximal effect (EC50) =0.85 mM], not modified by the reduction of the external [Na+] (from 130 to 10 mM) and decreased by depolarization of the strip using K+-rich (30–120 mM) solutions. Under the latter condition, 38±9 and 83±4% reduction (n=5) was observed in the presence of 60 and 120 mM K+ respectively. This contraction was also concentration dependently inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein (0.5–50 M) and tyrphostin (2–50 M). Sr2+ ions, which contracted both depolarized intact and skinned strips, failed to replace Ca2+ ions in the verapamil-insensitive contraction induced by TG or CPA (n=4). Finally, TG (1 M) and CPA (10 M) did not modify the pCa tension relationship in skinned strips (n=5). These results show that the main action of TG and CPA in rat pulmonary artery is to prevent the refilling of the internal Ca2+ store. TG and CPA also seem to facilitate a Ca2+ influx through a specific verapamil-insensitive pathway. The biophysical and molecular characteristics of this pathway remain to be elucitated, although it appears to involve a tyrosine kinase activity. 相似文献
120.
Vancheri C Gili E Failla M Mastruzzo C Salinaro ET Lofurno D Pistorio MP La Rosa C Caruso M Crimi N 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》2005,116(6):1242-1248
BACKGROUND: The identification of factors mediating the transition of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is considered fundamental in the comprehension of abnormal reparative processes. Bradykinin, a mediator known for its proinflammatory action, is able to induce cytokine production and contractility in fibroblast cultures. OBJECTIVES: In this study the ability of bradykinin to drive fibroblast into a myofibroblast phenotype at the cellular and molecular level was evaluated. METHODS: alpha-Smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression and TGF-beta in bradykinin stimulated fibroblasts were tested by means of flow cytometry, Western blot, and RT-PCR. Cell proliferation and collagen production were evaluated by the colorimetric methylthiazol tetrazolium assay and sirius red assay, respectively. Which bradykinin receptor mediates the expression of alpha-SMA was evaluated using selective B1 and B2 blocking agents. Furthermore, the effect of bradykinin on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation was explored. RESULTS: Bradykinin caused in lung fibroblasts a significant increase in alpha-SMA at the cellular and molecular level. The B2 receptor was held responsible for this effect because a specific receptor antagonist had entirely blocked this effect. Bradykinin was able to induce fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. Bradykinin significantly activated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by phosphorylating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, whereas PD98059, a specific inhibitor, was able to block myofibroblast induction. Although bradykinin induced an increase of TGF-beta on fibroblasts, the blockage of this cytokine did not alter alpha-SMA expression. CONCLUSION: The data support the hypothesis that bradykinin may be involved in bronchial remodeling and lung fibrosis beyond its well recognized proinflammatory activity, also suggesting a new potential therapeutic strategy to control altered reparatory processes. 相似文献