基于血浊理论探讨风痰瘀阻型中风的发病机制及治疗思路

风痰瘀阻证是临床缺血性脑卒中急性期的证型之一,传统中医治法疗效欠佳,预后不良,致残率高,因此寻求新的治疗思路对于改善患者预后具有重大意义。文章基于血浊理论对其发病机制进行探讨,阐述了血浊致脏腑虚、脑髓伤为发病之基,致风痰瘀阻、脑络伤为核心病机;结合现代研究证实血浊为该病的病理枢纽,提出在传统治则加用化浊行血中药治疗风痰瘀阻型中风,以期提高临床疗效。     

基于ISM模型的中医药应对公共卫生事件防治体系层级结构研究

[目的] 分析中医药应对公共卫生事件防治影响因素,探讨各影响因素之间的层级结构关系,构建中医药应对公共卫生事件防治解释结构模型（ISM）,为建立中医药应对公共卫生事件防治体系提供参考依据。[方法] 2021年9月—2022年12月收集中医药应对公共卫生事件防治相关文献资料,通过文献分析、ISM小组成员讨论和专家访谈等方式确定14个影响因素,对各影响因素之间的关系进行两两比较,建立中医药应对公共卫生事件防治因素邻接矩阵,利用Matlab软件计算可达矩阵并进行层级结构分析,最终建立中医药应对公共卫生事件防治因ISM模型。[结果] 中医药应对公共卫生事件防治影响因素ISM模型呈6层阶梯结构,直接影响因素L1={S11}、核心影响因素L2={S9,S10,S13,S14}、L3={S8,S12}、L4={S6}、深层影响因素L5={S2,S3,S4,S5,S7}、L6={S1}。各层级间相互影响、层层递进,共同影响中医药应对公共卫生事件防治体系。[结论] 中医药应对公共卫生事件防治体系是一个较为复杂的系统,涉及政府机构、医疗和教育机构、社会民众等多维度共同协调配合。根据中医药应对公共卫生事件防治影响因素不同层级结构和路径特点健全中医药应对公共卫生事件防治体系,可以进一步完善中国应对公共卫生事件防控救治体系。     

补阳还五汤超声导入治疗缺血性脑卒中后上肢运动功能障碍临床研究

目的：观察补阳还五汤超声导入治疗缺血性脑卒中后上肢运动功能障碍气虚血瘀证的临床疗效。 方法：选取60例缺血性脑卒中后上肢运动功能障碍气虚血瘀证患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与治疗组, 每组30例。对照组给予内科与常规康复治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予补阳还五汤超声导入治疗。2组均治 疗8周。比较2组痉挛程度、上肢运动功能、生活质量及表面肌电信号指标。结果：治疗4周、8周后,2组改 良Ashworth量表分级均较治疗前改善,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗组改良Ashworth量表分级改善情 况均优于同期对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。组别和时间的交互作用对简式Fugl-Meyer运动功能评 定量表（FMA）、改良Barthel指数评定量表（MBI） 评分的影响均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。组别因素对FMA、 MBI评分的单独效应均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。时间因素对2组FMA、MBI评分的单独效应均有统计学意 义（P＜0.05）。治疗4周后,2组FMA、MBI评分均较治疗前升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗8周 后,2组FMA、MBI评分均较治疗4周后升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗4周、8周后,治疗组 FMA、MBI评分均高于同期对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗8周后,2组肱二头肌、肱三头肌 肌肉活动时的肌电均方根（RMS） 及积分肌电值（iEMG） 均较治疗前降低,治疗组上述4项上肢肌电信号指标 值均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：补阳还五汤超声导入治疗缺血性脑卒中后上肢运动 功能障碍气虚血瘀证疗效满意,能有效降低上肢肌张力,缓解肌痉挛症状,改善患者的日常生活能力和运动 功能。     

预防社区人群老年性痴呆健康教育的方法探讨

目的探讨适合预防社区人群老年性痴呆的健康教育方法。方法选择30名社区老年人,以健康讲座、趣味健脑活动、比赛等形式,进行为期3年的健康教育,随后采用自设问卷对此组老年人对健康教育方法的认可情况进行调查。结果30名老年人均喜欢健康讲座、趣味健脑活动、比赛等形式的健康教育;18名老年人认为讲座时间以60min为宜;不受场所限制的健身球和手指操健脑锻炼和趣味活动的参与程度较高。结论在对社区老年人的健康教育中,根据老年人对预防保健知识的需求及其生理特点,设置贴近生活、简便易学的健康教育方法,具有较好的可行性。     

基于Box-Behnken响应面设计优选中药复方便乃通的提取工艺

[目的] 利用Box-Behnken响应面设计法优化中药复方便乃通（BNT）的提取工艺。[方法] 基于单因素实验优选BNT提取工艺的影响因素及其范围,运用Box-Behnken响应面设计法构建三因素三水平实验设计方案,以番泻苷B、番泻苷A及橙皮苷的含量作为响应指标优选最佳提取工艺条件,并进行工艺验证。[结果] 中药复方BNT的最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1∶8,回流时间30 min,提取次数2次。[结论] 利用Box-Behnken响应面设计法优化中药复方BNT提取工艺方法稳定,可为BNT提取工艺提供参考。     

基于立体MDT模式引导下2型糖尿病患者临床护理路径的构建与应用

目的 构建基于立体MDT模式引导下2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者临床护理路径,旨在使临床护理工作流程化、路径化.方法 以住院患者需求调查表与患者舒适度调查表为横断面调查工具,对2018年1月～11月在我院内分泌科接受住院治疗的80例T2DM患者的护理需求、满意度及舒适状况进行横断面调查,为基于立体MDT模式引导下T2DM患...     

Analysis of the HNF4A isoform-regulated transcriptome identifies CCL15 as a downstream target in gastric carcinogenesis

Objective:Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4A) has been demonstrated to be an oncogene in gastric cancer (GC). However, the roles of different HNF4A isoforms derived from the 2 different promoters (P1 and P2) and the underlying mechanisms remain obscure.Methods:The expression and prognostic values of P1- and P2-HNF4A were evaluated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases and GC tissues. Then, functional assays of P1- and P2-HNF4A were conducted both in vivo and in vitro. High-throughput RNA-seq was employed to profile downstream pathways in P1- and P2-HNF4A-overexpressing GC cells. The expression and gene regulation network of the candidate target genes identified by RNA-seq were characterized based on data mining and functional assays.Results:HNF4A amplification was a key characteristic of GC in TCGA databases, especially for the intestinal type and early stage. Moreover, P1-HNF4A expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found in P2-HNF4A expression (P > 0.05). High P1-HNF4A expression indicated poor prognoses in GC patients (P < 0.01). Furthermore, P1-HNF4A overexpression significantly promoted SGC7901 and BGC823 cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro (P < 0.01). Murine xenograft experiments showed that P1-HNF4A overexpression promoted tumor growth (P < 0.05). Mechanistically, RNA-seq showed that the cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions pathway was mostly enriched in P1-HNF4A-overexpressing GC cells. Finally, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15 was identified as a direct target of P1-HNF4A in GC tissues.Conclusions:P1-HNF4A was the main oncogene during GC progression. The cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway played a pivotal role and may be a promising therapeutic target.     

Using machine learning to aid treatment decision and risk assessment for severe three-vessel coronary artery disease

BACKGROUNDThree-vessel disease (TVD) with a SYNergy between PCI with TAXus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) score of ≥ 23 is one of the most severe types of coronary artery disease. We aimed to take advantage of machine learning to help in decision-making and prognostic evaluation in such patients.METHODSWe analyzed 3786 patients who had TVD with a SYNTAX score of ≥ 23, had no history of previous revascularization, and underwent either coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after enrollment. The patients were randomly assigned to a training group and testing group. The C4.5 decision tree algorithm was applied in the training group, and all-cause death after a median follow-up of 6.6 years was regarded as the class label.RESULTSThe decision tree algorithm selected age and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) as splitting features and divided the patients into three subgroups: subgroup 1 (age of ≤ 67 years and LVEDD of ≤ 53 mm), subgroup 2 (age of ≤ 67 years and LVEDD of > 53 mm), and subgroup 3 (age of > 67 years). PCI conferred a patient survival benefit over CABG in subgroup 2. There was no significant difference in the risk of all-cause death between PCI and CABG in subgroup 1 and subgroup 3 in both the training data and testing data. Among the total study population, the multivariable analysis revealed significant differences in the risk of all-cause death among patients in three subgroups.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of age and LVEDD identified by machine learning can contribute to decision-making and risk assessment of death in patients with severe TVD. The present results suggest that PCI is a better choice for young patients with severe TVD characterized by left ventricular dilation.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide.^[1] Three-vessel disease (TVD) is the most severe form of CAD and is characterized by significant stenosis in all three major coronary arteries. The application of myocardial revascularization techniques, including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), has significantly improved the clinical outcomes of patients with severe CAD. CABG has traditionally been the standard therapy for complex coronary lesions, including TVD.^[2] In recent years, with the advancements in PCI technology and the accumulation of operators’ experience, the incidence of periprocedural and long-term adverse events of PCI has substantially decreased, and PCI has been gradually applied in the treatment of TVD.^[3,4] Current guidelines recommend use of the SYNergy between PCI with TAXus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) score and diabetes status to guide the revascularization strategy for patients with TVD.^[5,6] Current practice guidelines do not recommend PCI for patients with TVD with a SYNTAX score of ≥ 23. However, using the SYNTAX score to guide clinical decision-making between PCI and CABG remains controversial, and its reasonability has been questioned since a newly published meta-analysis showed no significant association between the SYNTAX score and the comparative effectiveness of PCI and CABG.^[7] Moreover, the SYNTAX score is a quantitative indicator of the anatomical complexity of TVD and does not include clinical variables that may have significant effects on the patient’s prognosis. Whether some patients with specific clinical characteristics can obtain a comparable or even greater survival benefit from PCI than from CABG is unclear. Moreover, risk assessment for patients with TVD after revascularization therapy remain challenging.^[8–10]Machine learning has recently emerged as an important research method and has been successfully applied in many scientific fields, including clinical medicine.^[11–13] The decision tree algorithm, a common approach in machine learning, can handle non-linearity, heterogeneous effects, and high-dimensional features and partition a trial population into subgroups characterized by multiple simultaneous characteristics.^[14] In the present study involving a large cohort of patients with TVD with a SYNTAX score of ≥ 23, we employed a decision tree algorithm to generate specific subgroups, compared the long-term prognosis between patients who underwent PCI or CABG in each subgroup, and conducted a comparative analysis of the long-term prognosis between subgroups generated by machine learning. We evaluated whether machine learning can help in selecting the optimal revascularization method and assessing risk in patients with severe TVD.     

DMT-1在介导低密度脂蛋白氧化中的作用

目的 通过基因芯片分析发现人单核细胞THP-1氧化LDL的过程中二价金属转运蛋白1(Divalent metal transporter 1,DMT1)的mRNA表达水平显著升高.本实验通过RT-PCR和Western Blot来验证基因芯片的结果.方法用空白,LPS,LDL分别处理THP-1细胞,应用RT-PCR和Western Blot比较在LDL和LPS处理后THP-1细胞DMT-1的表达情况.结果 RT-PCR和Western Blot结果显示,在THP-1氧化LDL的过程中DMT1的表达显著升高.LDL和LPS相比,用LDL处理的THP-1细胞的DMT1的表达增加较LPS处理的明显.结论 RT-PCR和western blot证明了基因芯片的结果,在THP-1氧化LDL的过程中DMT1的表达显著升高,为临床心血管疾病的抗氧化治疗提供新的思路.     

树突状细胞激活的肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞抗小鼠乳腺癌研究

目的 探讨C127细胞全细胞性抗原致敏的DC激活的TIL体外抗小鼠乳腺癌活性,并将C127细胞全细胞性抗原致敏的DC激活的TIL(C127-DC-TIL)过继免疫荷瘤小鼠,研究其对C127荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响及抑瘤作用.方法 从小鼠四肢长骨骨髓中获取DC,应用粒,巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、白介素-4(IL-4)和肿瘤全细胞性抗原致敏DC,然后用DC激活TIL,观察TIL在体外对C127细胞、MA782细胞和B16细胞的杀伤活性;检测应用C127-DC-TIL后荷瘤小鼠的脾淋巴细胞的NK、LAK、CTL活性、血清TNF活性、抑瘤作用以及瘤体病理改变,并与对照组相比较.结果 ①C127-DC-TIL具有很强的对C127细胞杀伤活性[杀伤率为(70.21±2.86)%],明显高于其对MA782和B16细胞的杀伤活性[杀伤率分别为(51.31±3.25)%,(31.41±2.65)%],也明显高于未经DC激活的TIL、C127-DC-脾淋巴细胞和未经DC激活的脾淋巴细胞对C127细胞杀伤活性[杀伤率分别为(48.30±2.97)%,(47.76±3.43)%和(17.23±2.56)%]和对MA782细胞杀伤活性[杀伤率分别为(38.52±2.87)%,(36.62±2.75)%和(18.07±2.40)%]以及对B16细胞杀伤活性[杀伤率分别为(25.38±2.63)%,(24.82±2.81)%和(17.34±2.81)%],同时B16细胞全细胞性抗原致敏的DC激活的TIL(B16-DC-TIL,TIL来源于C127瘤体)也可诱导相对较低的对B16细胞的特异性细胞杀伤活性.②C127-DC-TIL可明显诱导提高荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞NK、LAK和CTL活性[活性分别为(32.21±1.24)%、(30.35±1.72)%和(37.43±1.54)%],并可检测到血清TNF水平明显上升[血清TNF水平为(38.41±1.77)U/ml],它们均达正常对照组水平,与未经DC激活的TIL组、C127-DC-脾淋巴细胞组、未经DC激活的脾淋巴细胞组、生理盐水组分别对应比较,差异均有显著性(P＜0.01).该组瘤体内淋巴细胞浸润程度也高于对照组,其瘤体生长明显受到抑制.结论 ①C127-DC-TIL可产生很强的体外针对C127细胞的特异性杀伤活性.②C127-DC-TIL具有很强的特异性抗小鼠乳腺癌作用.