Biological characteristics of newly diagnosed poor prognosis acute myelogenous leukemia

A pilot study was conducted of the biological characteristics of the leukemia cells of newly diagnosed patients with poor prognosis acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). This study included measurements of the pretherapy proliferative rate of the leukemia cells in vivo, assessment of differentiation in vivo during remission induction therapy, and the level of expression of the fms, myc, and IL1β genes in pretherapy leukemia cells. Short cell cycle times were characteristic of the best prognostic category and were associated with a rapid reduction in marrow leukemia cells in cytosine arabinoside (araC)-sensitive patients. Expression of c-fms was associated with rapid reduction in marrow leukemia cells during araC therapy and with a successful treatment outcome. Expression of the IL1β gene was associated with short remissions. These studies suggest that when compared to newly diagnosed standard prognosis AML, the leukemia of poor prognosis patients is more likely to exhibit long cell cycle times, low levels of fms expression, and is less likely to be associated with myeloid differentiation during remission induction therapy. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

11β⁃羟化类固醇脱氢酶敲除对高脂饮食喂养小鼠认知功能的影响

目的：探究11β-羟化类固醇脱氢酶1（11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase,11β-HSD1）基因敲除对小鼠整体代谢和认知功能的影响。方法：将C57BL/6J为遗传背景的野生对照组及11β-HSD1基因敲除组各15只小鼠高脂喂养20周,代谢笼评估能量代谢,行为学评估观察小鼠认知功能,电镜评估海马体的线粒体结构,免疫荧光及PCR确定其认知功能、线粒体功能相关基因及炎症基因的变化。结果：11β-HSD1基因敲除能够提高高脂喂养小鼠学习和记忆能力,改善握力,改善海马体的微结构、线粒体含量变多,认知相关基因、线粒体呼吸功能相关基因上调,炎症相关基因改变。结论：11β-HSD1敲除后高脂饮食喂养小鼠认知功能显著改善,握力显著提高,可能是治疗认知功能障碍的有效靶点。     

306名大学生错失恐惧与社交媒体倦怠的关系:睡眠质量和负性情绪的链式中介作用

目的 探讨大学生睡眠质量、负性情绪在错失恐惧与社交媒体倦怠间的中介作用。 方法 采用错失恐惧量表、社交媒体倦怠量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表简体中文版对306名大学生进行调查。 结果 错失恐惧、社交媒体倦怠、睡眠质量和负性情绪之间呈两两正相关;错失恐惧能正向预测社交媒体倦怠;睡眠质量和负性情绪在错失恐惧和社交媒体倦怠之间起单独中介作用,且睡眠质量和负性情绪在错失恐惧与社交媒体倦怠之间起链式中介作用,负性情绪各维度效应皆成立。 结论 睡眠质量和负性情绪能够为错失恐惧对社交媒体倦怠的影响提供一个解释机制,大学生的错失恐惧既可以直接影响其社交媒体倦怠水平,也可以通过睡眠质量、负性情绪的独立中介效应以及睡眠质量-负性情绪的链式中介效应间接影响。     

Retinoids and spermatogenesis: lessons from mutant mice lacking the plasma retinol binding protein.

Using Rbp4-null mice as models, we have established for the first time the kinetics of the spermatogenetic alterations during vitamin A deficiency (VAD). Our data demonstrate that the VAD-induced testicular degeneration arises through the normal maturation of germ cells in a context of spermatogonia differentiation arrest. They indicate that retinoic acid (RA) appears dispensable for the transition of premeiotic to meiotic spermatocytes, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. They confirm that RA plays critical roles in controlling spermatogonia differentiation, spermatid adhesion to Sertoli cells, and spermiation, and suggest that the VAD-induced arrest of spermatogonia differentiation results from simultaneous blocks in RA-dependent events mediated by RA receptor gamma (RARgamma) in spermatogonia and by RARalpha in Sertoli cells. They also provide evidence that expression of major RA-metabolizing enzymes is increased in mouse Sertoli cells upon VAD and that vitamin A-deficient A spermatogonia differ from their RA-sufficient counterparts by the expression of the Stra8 gene.     

Low plasma glutamine in combination with high glutamate levels indicate risk for loss of body cell mass in healthy individuals: the effect of N-acetyl-cysteine

Skeletal muscle catabolism, low plasma glutamine, and high venous glutamate levels are common among patients with cancer or human immunodeficiency virus infection. In addition, a high glycolytic activity is commonly found in muscle tissue of cachectic cancer patients, suggesting insufficient mitochondrial energy metabolism. We therefore investigated (a) whether an anaerobic physical exercise program causes similar changes in plasma amino acid levels, and (b) whether low plasma glutamine or high glutamate levels are risk factors for loss of body cell mass (BCM) in healthy human subjects, i.e., in the absence of a tumor or virus infection. Longitudinal measurements from healthy subjects over longer periods suggest that the age-related loss of BCM occur mainly during episodes with high venous glutamate levels, indicative of decreased muscular transport activity for glutamate. A significant increase in venous glutamate levels from 25 to about 40 M was seen after a program of anaerobic physical exercise. This was associated with changes in T lymphocyte numbers. Under these conditions persons with low baseline levels of plasma glutamine, arginine, and cystine levels also showed a loss of BCM. This loss of BCM was correlated not only with the amino acid levels at baseline examination, but also with an increase in plasma glutamine, arginine, and cystine levels during the observation period, suggesting that a loss of BCM in healthy individuals terminates itself by adjusting these amino acids to higher levels that stabilize BCM. To test a possible regulatory role of cysteine in this context we determined the effect of N-acetyl-cysteine on BCM in a group of subjects with relatively low glutamine levels. The placebo group of this study showed a loss of BCM and an increase in body fat, suggesting that body protein had been converted into other forms of chemical energy. The decrease in mean BCM/body fat ratios was prevented by N-acetyl-cysteine, indicating that cysteine indeed plays a regulatory role in the physiological control of BCM.Abbreviations BCM Body cell mass - HIV Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 - NAC N-Acetyl-cysteine     

高千伏摄影附加滤过与皮肤入射剂量相对关系的实验研究

目的：通过测量不同滤过条件下，体模入射剂量随滤过条件的变化确定高千伏X线摄影时的最佳附加滤过。材料与方法：利用X线剂量仪测量不同Al滤过时对应体模表面剂量的变化。结果与结论：通过适当增加附加滤过可以合理降低被检者皮肤剂量，120kV摄影时，附加滤过2.5mmAl是恰当的。     

Limits of phagocytic power of macrophages

The ability of peritoneal macrophages to take up different doses of antigen (sheep's erythrocytes) and of antigens differing in physicochemical properties (sheep's erythrocytes, rat erythrocytes, and typhoid vaccine) was studied. An increase in the dose of sheep's erythrocytes injected many times over had no effect on the quantity of antigen ingested by the macrophages within a definite time interval. In macrophages taken at short periods after injection of erythrocytes of the different species of animals into the mice, ability to take up these erythrocytes in vitro was sharply inhibited. Preincubation of macrophages (in vivo or in vitro) with all the antigens tested sharply increased their ability to phagocytose typhoid vaccine.Laboratory of Physiology and Regulation of Immunity, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsina, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 58–61, July, 1977.