国产注射用盐酸瑞芬太尼有效性和安全性的评价

目的 采用随机、对照、双盲、多中心的Ⅱ期临床试验,评价国产注射用盐酸瑞芬太尼的有效性和安全性。方法201名受试者分成两组:对照组使用静脉芬太尼(2.5μkg诱导,0.03μg·kg-1·min-1维持)复合吸入66％氧化亚氮麻醉,试验组使用静脉瑞芬太尼(2μg/kg诱导,0.2μ·kg-1·min-1维持)复合吸入66％氧化亚氮麻醉。药物有效性的观察指标有:手术刺激时的应激反应,如血压、心率、流泪、麻醉质量。安全性的观察指标有:血压和心率、麻黄碱、阿托品、纳洛酮、乌拉地尔的使用量、手术失血量、心电图变化、术前和术后48 h内血中ALT、AST、肌酐、尿素氮、停止麻醉到可以拔除气管导管的时间、拔除气管导管前的PETCO2或PaCO2、停止麻醉(关闭氧化亚氮)后呼唤名字可以睁眼时间、术后送往麻醉恢复室或ICU情况以及不良事件。结果 瑞芬太尼与芬太尼在本试验剂量下,药效作用相似,但镇痛作用瑞芬太尼强于芬太尼,停止输注后其作用消退快于芬太尼。结论 国产瑞芬太尼用于全麻可产生良好的镇痛作用,且具有与芬太尼相同的安全性。     

关于口腔医学多媒体及网络教学实验效果的分析

采用比较研究的方法进行了口腔医学多媒体及网络教学实验，旨在观察比较网络教学环境、多媒体课件演示以及传统教师讲授等多种教学方式的教学效果，分析传统教学与网络教学模式下的教学环节、教学效果以及存在问题，对课件进行总体评价，对影响因素进行分析，对多媒体及网络教学模式作一初步的实践和探索。     

Rectus sheath haematoma requiring laparotomy

Rectus sheath haematoma is a well‐documented but unusual cause of acute abdomen. Combination of clinical features and appropriate radiological investigations can make for a prompt diagnosis. Most authors advocate conservative management and it has been reported that patients were directly discharged from the emergency department. We report a case of rectus sheath haematoma which progressed with clinical deterioration and necessitated surgical intervention for clot evacuation. Causes, physical signs, radiological features and classification of rectus sheath haematoma are discussed. It may be necessary to continue close clinical monitoring after diagnosis of rectus sheath haematoma.     

一种简便人绒毛滋养细胞体外原代培养方法的建立

目的 探索一种简便、实用的原代人早孕滋养细胞培养方法。方法 原代组织块法培养人早孕绒毛滋养细胞，Ficoll离心及差速贴壁法进行纯化，CK-7及Vimentin检测细胞纯度。结果 所得人早孕滋养细胞纯度高达95％。结论 组织块法培养，Ficoll离心及差速贴壁法纯化是一种较有效的人早孕绒毛滋养细胞培养方法。     

Bamboo joint-like appearance of stomach in Korean patients with Crohn's disease]

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Bamboo joint-like (BJL) appearance is an endoscopic finding characterized by swollen longitudinal folds transversed by erosive fissures or linear furrows on the lesser curvature side of gastric body and cardia. It has been reported to be associated with Crohn's disease (CD). This study was aimed to evaluate the incidence of BJL appearance in Korean patients with CD. METHODS: From January to December in 2005, we performed esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in patients diagnosed as CD and ulcerative colitis (UC) in our hospital. Non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subjects with upper gastrointestinal symptoms who underwent EGD were consecutively enrolled during the same period. One endoscopist performed all the endoscopic examinations to avoid inter-observer variation. A dye-spraying technique with 0.4% indigocarmine was used to allow the detection of subtle changes during the endoscopic examination. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients with CD (mean age+/-SD, 40+/-15 yr; M/F, 13/8), 28 patients with UC (42+/-15 yr; 21/7), and 685 non-IBD subjects (49+/-14 yr; 354/331) were enrolled. EGD findings in CD patients were gastric erosions (11/21), chronic superficial gastritis (5/21), chronic atrophic gastritis (1/21), duodenal erosions or ulcers (2/21), and normal (2/21). Incidence of BJL appearance was significantly higher in patients with CD (47.6%, 10/21) than others (UC, 3.6%, 1/28; non-IBD, 0.1%, 1/685) (p< 0.0001). Among patients with CD, incidence of BJL appearance was not significantly different according to the sex, status of H. pylori infection, Vienna classification for phenotype, medications or EGD findings. CONCLUSIONS: BJL appearance on the gastric body and cardia can be a diagnostic clue to CD.     

腹泻型与便秘型肠易激综合征直肠肛管动力和感觉功能的不同特点

目的 研究腹泻型与便秘型肠易激综合征（IBS）病人直肠肛管动力和直肠感觉功能的不同特点。方法 选择IBS病人85例，分成两组。其中腹泻组52例，便秘组33例，20例健康志愿者为对照组，采用PC Polygraf ID高分辨率多道胃肠功能测定仪，分别测定直肠肛管压力、直肠感知阈值、排便阈值、最大耐受量和直肠肛门抑制反射最低充气量。结果IBS病人的直肠静息压、肛管静息压和直肠肛门抑制反射最低充气量与健康对照组比较无显著性差异。腹泻组的最大缩窄压和排便阈值显著低于健康对照组。便秘组的松弛压、直肠感知阈值、排便阈值和最大耐受量显著高于健康对照组。结论腹泻型IBS病人的症状与最大缩窄压和排便闽值降低有关；而便秘型则与松弛压、直肠感知阈值、排便阈值和最大耐受量显著增高有关。     

实验性颅脑伤大鼠脑组织SOD和MDA的变化

目的：观察实验性颅脑伤大鼠脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的动态变化，探讨SOD和MDA在颅脑伤病理损伤机制中的作用。方法：采用自由落体致伤方法制备大鼠颅脑伤模型(模型组)，并以正常大鼠作对照(对照组)，分别于造模后3、5和7d处死动物取脑，测定海马和皮质中SOD活力和MDA含量。结果：模型组大鼠海马SOD活力在3个时间点均显著低于对照组，而MDA含量均显著高于对照组；模型组大鼠皮质SOD活力在造模后3、5d时显著低于对照组，而MDA含量则显著高于对照组，到7d时二者与对照组均无明显差异。结论：大鼠颅脑伤时脑组织SOD活力显著降低，而MDA含量则显著增高，提示SOD和MDA可能参与颅脑伤病理损伤机制并在其中发挥重要作用。     

应用吊带方法经皮膀胱颈悬吊治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的：介绍吊带方法经皮膀胱颈悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的经验。方法：在近膀胱颈水平，阴道前壁与尿道之间隧道状切口内预置两端带有尼龙线的网状聚丙烯片，术中窥镜监视下，应用Vesica穿刺针经皮穿刺行膀胱颈悬吊治疗女性压力性尿失禁19例。结果：随访3－45个月，平均17个月，除1例逼尿肌反射低下排尿稍费力外，18例患者无尿失禁及排尿困难。结论：吊带方法经皮膀胱颈悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁，操作简便，创伤小，恢复快，临床效果满意。     

Transdermal permeation-enhancing activities of some inorganic anions

Effects of sodium salts of various monovalent inorganic anions on transdermal permeation of salicylic acid were investigated. In in-vitro experiment using a Franz-type diffusion cell and excised mouse skin, the permeation-enhancing activities of the sodium salts of inorganic anions were roughly proportional to lyotropic Hofmeister swelling abilities of the anions; F^?<SO₄ ^2?<Cl^? <ClO₄ ^?<NO₃ <SCN^? <Br <I^?, i.e. l, Br and SCN increased the flux of drugs through the mouse skin, while F^?, SO₄ ^2?, Cl^?, ClO₄ ^? and NO₃ ^? decreased or did not affect the flux. In invivo experiment using the rabbit as the test animal, the plasma concentration of salicylic acid of the rabbit to which 10%-salicylic acid ointment containing 5%-Nal or NaBr was applied was significantly higher than that of the rabbit to which the ointment without the electrolytes was applied. The amounts of sterol leached out of stratum corneum sheet when the sheet was immersed in aqueous solutions of Nal, NaBr, or NaSCN were much more than that of stratum corneum immersed in aqueous solutions of the other inorganic anions. The FTIR/ATR spectroscopy showed that the peaks at 2853 cm^?1 and 2924 cm^?1 in the IR absorption spectrum of the stratum corneum sheet of the mouse were shifted to higher frequencies by the anions which enhanced the transdermal drug permeation, while not shifted by the anions which did not have any permeation-enhancing activities or have permeation-reducing activities. These results suggest that sodium salts of some anions such as iodide, bromide and thiocyanate enhance transdermal permeation of salicylic acid through swelling and perturbation of the skin structure by these anions.     

Anterior translocaton of pulmonary artery without aortic transection in repair of tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve.

We developed a technique of translocation of the pulmonary artery anterior to the ascending aorta without transection of the aorta in the repair of tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve. Our technique includes detachment of the main pulmonary artery (MPA) from the pulmonary annulus, vertical division of the MPA, anterior translocation of the pulmonary artery with patch augmentation between the vertically divided MPA.