假鹰爪根化学成分的研究

假鹰爪(Desmos cochinensis Lour.)根的石油醚提取物中分得三个黄酮类化合物。其中化合物Ⅰ和Ⅱ分别鉴定为5,7-二羟基-6-甲酰基-8-甲基双氢黄酮(lawinal)和5,7-二羟基-6-甲酰基-8-甲基黄酮(isounonal)。Ⅲ为一含醛基的新化合物。根据光谱分析(紫外、红外、质谱、氢谱、碳谱、二维核磁共振异核位移相关谱及X-单晶衍射)证明其结构为4,7-二羟基-5-甲氧基-6-甲基-8-甲酰基黄烷。化合物Ⅰ和Ⅱ均属首次从该植物中分得。     

Association between reproductive factors with lung cancer incidence and mortality: A pooled analysis of over 308,000 females in the Asia cohort consortium

Previous studies have investigated the association between reproductive factors and lung cancer risk; however, findings have been inconsistent. In order to assess this association among Asian women, a total of 308,949 female participants from 11 prospective cohorts and four Asian countries (Japan, Korea, China, and Singapore) were included. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 3,119 primary lung cancer cases and 2247 lung cancer deaths were identified with a mean follow-up of 16.4 years. Parous women had a lower risk of lung cancer incidence and mortality as compared with nulliparous women, with HRs of 0.82 (95% CI = 0.70–0.96) and 0.78 (95% CI = 0.65–0.94). The protective association of parity and lung cancer incidence was greater among ever-smokers (HR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.49–0.87) than in never-smokers (HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.74–1.09) (P-interaction = 0.029). Compared with age at first delivery ≤20 years, older age at first delivery (21–25, ≥26 years) was associated with a lower risk of lung cancer incidence and mortality. Women who ever used hormone replacements had a higher likelihood of developing non-small cell lung cancer (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.02–1.68), compared to those who never used hormone replacements. Future studies are needed to assess the underlying mechanisms, the relationships within these female reproductive factors, and the potential changes in smoking habits over time.     

A NOTE ON WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNTS IN WHOOPING COUGH

The presence of leucocytosis and lymphocytosis in the blood in pertussis has been well knoxvn since the early report of Frohlich in 1897 (1). Subsequent observations of Meunier (2), Cabot (3), Churchill (4), Crombie (5), Barach (6) and others showed that the increase in the total number of leucocytes occurred almost universally and elevation of the percentage of the lymphocytes occurred in from 80 t0 90 percent of the cases. These authors considered these hematological findings to be of great diagnostic value, especially during the early stage of the disease. However, recent studies of Sauer and Hambrecht (7) and that of Dolgopol (8) demonstrated that such a characteristic blood picture usually occurred only when the clinical symptoms of the disease have well developecl. Nevertheless, there remains the undeniable value of the blood picture in the diagnosis of the disease, as when the patients are brought to the hospital for treatment, they are mostly in the late catarral or early paroxysmal stage and the leucocytosis and the lym phocytosis of the blood :may serve as confirmatory evidences for the clinical diagnosis.     

A CASE OF ACUTE ASCENDING PARALYSIS COMPLICATING ANTI-RABIC TREATMENT

Neuroparalytic accidents compIicating anti-rabic treaUnent, though rare, were known even in Pasteur''s time. They occur either during or soon after the anti-rabic trcatment, from the sixth to''the twenty-fifth day after the first injection. The paraIysis occurs in three more or less distinct clinical types: the Landry''s ascending paralysis, the sub- acute dorso-lumbar myelitis, and the mild peripheral ncuritis, with a mortality rate of thirty, fivc, and zero pcrcent respectively. The inci- dence of such accidents varies with different report, expressed in number nf cases per ijooo treatments. Remlinger (1905) gave 0.37, Babes C912U.3, Simon (1912) 0.48, Pelser (1920) 0.77, International Rabies Conference (1927) 0.28 and Mokendrick (1930) 0.25. It is definitely less with carbolized vaccine than with dried cord. Sex and season seem to have no influence on its occurrence. It is rare at both cxtremes of life. Although about 50 percent of the treatments were given to children, not a single accident has been reported in childrcn bolow five years of age. People of intellectual profession are said to be more susceptible to the accident than are those engaged in manual labor.     

HOOKWORM IN SHAOYANG, HUNAN

Having for some time past been impressed with the importance and extcnt of hookworm infcctiop in this part of Hunan, xve were especially surprised that Winfickl in his first artide on fecal-borne diseases in the February, 1937 number of this journal, entirely omits to notice the existence of hookworm in Hunan. He even considers it an unimportant disease in any area which has not either silk culture or truck gardening as main industries. This part of Hunan has neither, but hookworm is very frequent.