全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4038篇 |
免费 | 158篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 13篇 |
儿科学 | 93篇 |
妇产科学 | 31篇 |
基础医学 | 736篇 |
口腔科学 | 110篇 |
临床医学 | 248篇 |
内科学 | 1102篇 |
皮肤病学 | 25篇 |
神经病学 | 338篇 |
特种医学 | 159篇 |
外科学 | 540篇 |
综合类 | 10篇 |
预防医学 | 114篇 |
眼科学 | 59篇 |
药学 | 295篇 |
中国医学 | 12篇 |
肿瘤学 | 324篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 48篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 36篇 |
2018年 | 48篇 |
2017年 | 45篇 |
2016年 | 36篇 |
2015年 | 61篇 |
2014年 | 54篇 |
2013年 | 84篇 |
2012年 | 167篇 |
2011年 | 219篇 |
2010年 | 139篇 |
2009年 | 122篇 |
2008年 | 189篇 |
2007年 | 224篇 |
2006年 | 261篇 |
2005年 | 249篇 |
2004年 | 288篇 |
2003年 | 322篇 |
2002年 | 353篇 |
2001年 | 77篇 |
2000年 | 85篇 |
1999年 | 105篇 |
1998年 | 71篇 |
1997年 | 76篇 |
1996年 | 61篇 |
1995年 | 42篇 |
1994年 | 42篇 |
1993年 | 41篇 |
1992年 | 39篇 |
1991年 | 36篇 |
1990年 | 57篇 |
1989年 | 58篇 |
1988年 | 35篇 |
1987年 | 30篇 |
1986年 | 28篇 |
1985年 | 28篇 |
1984年 | 43篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1982年 | 27篇 |
1981年 | 26篇 |
1980年 | 34篇 |
1979年 | 22篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 16篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 14篇 |
1973年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有4209条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Masahide?EbiEmail author Shoko?Nakagawa Yoshiharu?Yamaguchi Yasuhiro?Tamura Shinya?Izawa Yasutaka?Hijikata Takaya?Shimura Yasushi?Funaki Naotaka?Ogasawara Makoto?Sasaki Takashi?Joh Kunio?Kasugai 《International journal of colorectal disease》2018,33(12):1703-1708
Background
Endoscopic resection is recommended for rectal neuroendocrine tumors <?1 cm in diameter; the three techniques (mucosal resection, submucosal dissection, and mucosal resection with variceal ligation device) of endoscopic resection of neuroendocrine tumor were reported; however, the optimal endoscopic technique remains unclear.Purpose
We compared the efficacy and safety of three endoscopic rectal neuroendocrine tumor resection methods.Methods
We retrospectively enrolled 52 patients with rectal neuroendocrine tumors treated by endoscopy at Aichi Medical University Hospital and Nagoya City University Hospital between May 2003 and June 2017. We compared clinical outcomes in three groups based on the endoscopic treatment method.Results
Fifty-two patients underwent endoscopic rectal neuroendocrine tumor treatment (mucosal resection, 14; submucosal dissection, 19; mucosal resection with an endoscopic variceal ligation device, 19). In the endoscopic mucosal resection, submucosal dissection, and mucosal resection with variceal ligation device groups, R0 resection occurred in 50.0, 94.7, and 89.5%, respectively (mucosal resection vs. mucosal resection with variceal ligation device, p <?0.05; mucosal resection vs. submucosal dissection, p <?0.01), while the median procedure times were 6.5, 43, and 6.0 min, respectively (submucosal dissection vs. mucosal resection with variceal ligation device procedure times, p?<?0.01; mucosal resection vs. submucosal resection procedure times, p <?0.01). Postoperative bleeding occurred after endoscopic mucosal resection (1/14) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (4/19), but not after endoscopic mucosal resection with a ligation device.Conclusion
Endoscopic mucosal resection with an endoscopic variceal ligation device was a safe, effective treatment for rectal neuroendocrine tumors.92.
Kunio Okuda Toshiro Nakashima Masahiko Okudaira Masayoshi Kage Yoshibumi Aida Masao Omata Hirotaka Musha Shunji Futagawa Mitsuo Sugiura Haruo Kameda 《Liver international》1981,1(4):255-263
ABSTRACT— Hepatic venograms made in 40 authentic cases of idiopathic portal hypertension (Banti's syndrome) were compared with 13 normal venograms and venograms obtained in 88 cases of cirrhosis, and analyzed in the light of the pathological changes seen in 16 postmortem liver specimens. There were frequent anastomoses between hepatic vein radicles, approximation of middle-size branches to the liver surface, reduction in the angles between the main hepatic vein and its tributaries, and difficulty in opacifying portal vein branches in wedged retrograde portography. These angiographic alterations were corroborated by gross pathological findings which comprised displacement of middle-size hepatic vein branches closer to the liver surface and their approximation among themselves, and seem to be accounted for by the disappearance of liver parenchyma secondary to the peripheral portal circulatory failure. 相似文献
93.
Hideki Ohkubo MD Hirotaka Musha MD Dr. Kunio Okuda MD 《Digestive diseases and sciences》1978,23(11):1017-1024
The effect of caloric restriction on the hepatic uptake and excretion of indocyanine green (ICG) was studied in man as well as in rats. It was demonstrated that following a 72-hr caloric restriction in man, the plasma clearance rate for ICG was increased significantly at the low dose of 0.5 mg/kg, and transport maximum was increased without a significant change of storage capacity. In rats, the maximal biliary excretion was significantly increased after 48-hr fast, but neither maximal hepatic uptake (V
max) nor hepatic ICG content was altered. The evidence is consistent with the view that fasting increases the ICG plasma clearance at low doses by enhancement of excretory steps at the bile canalicular membrane. 相似文献
94.
Severe exacerbation of hepatitis after short-term corticosteroid therapy in a patients with "latent" chronic hepatitis B 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Shiota G Harada K Oyama K Udagawa A Nomi T Tanaka K Tsutsumi A Noguchi N Kishimoto Y Horie Y Suou T Kawasaki H 《Liver》2000,20(5):415-420
We present a case of severe exacerbation of hepatitis after short-term corticosteroid therapy for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIPD) with "latent" chronic hepatitis B showing no HBV-related antigens and antibodies. After corticosteroid pulse therapy for CIPD, the patient had severe exacerbation of hepatitis twice. Although she did not show any hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related antigens or antibodies, sequences of HBV were detected in serum and liver by a nested polymerase chain reaction. A sequence analysis of HBV at the second exacerbation showed that the G-to-A point mutation at nucleotide 1896 that converted codon 28 from tryptophan (TGG) to a stop codon (TAG) in the precore region resulted in amino acid change, which has been frequently observed in fulminant hepatitis and severe hepatitis in Japan. 相似文献
95.
Kojima H Uemura M Sakurai S Ann T Ishii Y Imazu H Yoshikawa M Ichijima K Fukui H 《Journal of gastroenterology》2002,37(8):617-625
Background:
Background: Liver disturbance in rheumatoid diseases results not only from liver disease associated with the rheumatoid diseases themselves
but also from various other causes. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical features of liver disturbance in rheumatoid
diseases, focusing on the cause of this disturbance.
Methods: A clinicopathological study was performed in 306 patients (106 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 71 with Sj?gren's syndrome,
59 with rheumatoid arthritis, 27 with scleroderma, 30 with polymyositis, and 13 with polyarteritis nodosa).
Results: Liver disturbance occurred in 43% of these patients and resulted from various causes. Its degree and duration varied from
one cause to another. Liver disease associated with rheumatoid diseases was the leading cause of the liver disturbance in
these patients and was characterized by mild and transient liver disturbance (maximum alanine aminotransferase [ALT] level
during the study period, 68 ± 8 IU/ml; maximum alkaline phosphatase [ALP] level, 410 ± 31 IU/ml; duration of liver disturbance,
6 ± 2 months). Most patients with this type of liver disease showed minimal change in liver histology, although two-thirds
of those evaluated by the international scoring system for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) were classified as “probable” or “definite”.
Eight of 14 patients with histologically proven chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis were infected with hepatotropic virus (7 with
hepatitis C virus [HCV] and 1 with hepatitis B virus [HBV]). Five of 9 patients in whom the hepatic lesion progressed had
hepatotropic virus infection (4 with HCV and 1 with HBV), and the other 4 patients suffered from autoimmune liver diseases.
Conclusions: Liver disease associated with rheumatoid diseases was the leading cause of liver disturbance in these patients and was characterized
by mild and transient liver disturbance, whereas progressive liver diseases were often associated with hepatotropic virus,
mainly HCV, or autoimmune liver diseases. Liver histology is indispensable for differentiating AIH from liver disease associated
with rheumatoid diseases.
Received: August 27, 2001 / Accepted: January 7, 2002 相似文献
96.
Soluble Fas ligand and atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Okura T Watanabe S Jiang Y Nakamura M Takata Y Yang ZH Kohara K Kitami Y Hiwada K 《Journal of hypertension》2002,20(5):819-820
BACKGROUND : The Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) system is involved in apoptosis in many types of cells. Recently, the expression of FasL on endothelial cells was reported. FasL is cleaved by a metalloproteinase and released in serum as soluble FasL (sFasL). Vasoactive substances, including metalloproteinase, are modulated by endothelial dysfunction. Advanced atherosclerosis and impaired endothelial function are seen in hypertensive patients. The inflammatory response has an important role in the development of atherosclerosis, whereas C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with the presence and severity of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE : To measure the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery and evaluate the relationship between atherosclerosis and serum sFasL concentrations in hypertensive patients. PATIENTS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Forty-seven patients with hypertension participated in the study. The intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery was evaluated by ultrasound imaging. Serum concentrations of sFasL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS : Intima-media thickness correlated positively with age (r = 0.362, P = 0.012) and sFasL concentrations (r =0.332, P = 0.022), and negatively with creatinine clearance (r = -0.399, P = 0.0055). A general linear model analysis with atherosclerotic risk factors and sFasL revealed that age, sFasL, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were significantly associated with intima-media thickness. Furthermore, we demonstrated that serum sFasL is directly associated with CRP concentration (r = 0.316, P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS : These results indicated that serum sFasL concentration is associated with atherosclerosis and inflammatory disease, in patients with hypertension. 相似文献
97.
We report two cases of septic pulmonary embolism associated with periodontitis. Chest CT revealed multiple nodular shadows with features characteristic of septic pulmonary embolism in both patients. Both patients had toothache, fever, and chest pain, and showed findings of periodontitis at initial presentation. Antimicrobial agents combined with dental surgery were successful in treatment. While septic pulmonary embolism from the lesions of periodontitis appears to be rare, periodontitis remains important in the differential diagnosis of septic pulmonary embolism. 相似文献
98.
Serial evaluation of high-resolution computed tomography findings in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in usual interstitial pneumonia 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Nagao T Nagai S Hiramoto Y Hamada K Shigematsu M Hayashi M Izumi T Mishima M 《Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases》2002,69(5):413-419
BACKGROUND: The development of well-matured fibrosis in usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is strongly associated with an unfavorable outcome of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, differences in the rates of development are likely to result in variable clinical courses in IPF patients. OBJECTIVE: We tried to evaluate the progression of honeycombing and ground-glass opacity on CT using a scoring system, and to examine those serial changes in the clinical course of disease. METHODS: A hospital-based, retrospective cohort study. Twenty-three patients with IPF diagnosed as UIP by surgical lung biopsy were analyzed during the initial examination by scoring the presence of honeycombing (HC: range, 0-24) and ground-glass opacity (GG: range, 0-24) on CT scan. We also compared the serial changes observed in the CT scores (interval: 2-42 months, 2-6 examinations). RESULTS: (1) The serial change in the HC score in treated patients (n = 10) was similar to that in untreated patients (n = 16); (2) the HC score at the time of the initial examination and the rate of HC progression were both higher in the non-surviving patients (HC 12.3 +/- 3.7, mean +/- SD; deltaHC 4.2 +/- 1.3 per year) than in the surviving patients (HC 5.8 +/- 2.7; deltaHC 1.2 +/- 0.7 per year) (p < 0.05); (3) the GG score did not correlate with the HC score at any of the examinations; (4) the HC score was higher in the lower lung field than in the upper and middle lung fields. CONCLUSIONS: Scoring of the honeycombing and its serial changes using the high-resolution computed tomography scoring method was useful for predicting the prognosis in patients with IPF/UIP. Corticosteroid treatment did not prevent the progression of HC. 相似文献
99.
Goshi Shiota Ken‐ichi Harada Kenji Oyama Akihide Udagawa Takahiro Nomi Kiwamu Tanaka Atsushi Tsutsumi Naoya Noguchi Yosuke Kishimoto Yutaka Horie Takeaki Suou Hironaka Kawasaki 《Liver international》2000,20(5):415-420
Abstract: We present a case of severe exacerbation of hepatitis after short‐term corticosteroid therapy for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIPD) with “latent” chronic hepatitis B showing no HBV‐related antigens and antibodies. After corticosteroid pulse therapy for CIPD, the patient had severe exacerbation of hepatitis twice. Although she did not show any hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related antigens or antibodies, sequences of HBV were detected in serum and liver by a nested polymerase chain reaction. A sequence analysis of HBV at the second exacerbation showed that the G‐to‐A point mutation at nucleotide 1896 that converted codon 28 from tryptophan (TGG) to a stop codon (TAG) in the precore region resulted in amino acid change, which has been frequently observed in fulminant hepatitis and severe hepatitis in Japan. 相似文献
100.
Interaction and colocalization of HERMES/RBPMS with NonO,PSF, and G3BP1 in neuronal cytoplasmic RNP granules in mouse retinal line cells 下载免费PDF全文
Mari T. Furukawa Hiroshi Sakamoto Kunio Inoue 《Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms》2015,20(4):257-266
HERMES, also called RBPMS, is a conserved RNA binding protein with a single RNA recognition motif (RRM) that is abundantly expressed in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and in the heart in vertebrates. Here, we identified NonO and PSF as the interacting proteins of HERMES only when the neuronal differentiation of the retinal cell line RGC‐5 was induced. Although NonO and PSF are nuclear paraspeckle components, these proteins formed cytoplasmic granules with HERMES in the neurites. G3BP1, a component of stress granules, was also colocalized to the granules, interacting with NonO and HERMES even in the absence of cellular stress. Consistent with a previous report that KIF5 interacts with neuronal granules, the localization of KIF5A overlapped with the cytoplasmic granules in differentiated RGC‐5 cells. Thus, our study strongly suggests that the cytoplasmic granule containing HERMES, NonO, PSF, and G3BP1 is a neuronal RNA–protein granule that is transported in neurites during retinal differentiation. 相似文献