Fatal Airway Injuries during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom

Objective. To determine if a single mailing from the local volunteer fire department can increase the number of homes with proper, visible address numbering. Proper numbering is essential in rapidly locating a house during an emergency response. Methods. The study was conducted at a suburban/rural fire department providing EMS andfire suppression services to a 22 square mile area with residential mailboxes located at the street. During a hazard identification pre-plan tour, each house was examined andassigned a classification: (A) No number visible on the house or mailbox (improper); (B) Number on only one side of the mailbox (improper); (C) Number on both sides or the end of the mailbox, or visible on the house (proper). The homeowners of all residences with improper numbering (A or B) were sent a one-page letter, discussing the need for proper numbering. The tour was repeated six weeks later to determine whether deficiencies had been corrected. It was prospectively determined that a 25% improvement was sought. Results. During the pre-plan tour, 73 houses were classified as type A, 454 as type B, and1706 as type C. At the re-visit, 135 (26%) of the type A andB homes had been properly numbered. Correction of deficiencies was better at type A homes (37, or 51%) than at type B homes (98, or 22%) (p < 0.001 by Chi-square). Conclusion. For houses with improper numbering, a single mailing from the fire department can be effective in encouraging residents to post proper numbers.     

马缨丹根的化学成分研究

从马缨丹(Lantana camara L.)根的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定出六个寡糖(Ⅰ～Ⅵ)和六个环稀醚萜葡萄糖甙(Ⅶ～Ⅻ),即水苏糖(Ⅰ),毛蕊花糖(Ⅱ),筋骨草糖(Ⅲ),毛蕊花四糖(Ⅳ),α-D-半乳糖-(1[→6-)α-D-半乳糖-(1]₃→6-)D-葡萄糖(Ⅴ),α-D-半乳糖-(1[→6-)α-D-半乳糖-(1]₄→6-)D-葡萄糖(Ⅵ),黄夹子苦甙(Ⅶ),8-表马钱素(Ⅷ),山栀子甙甲酯(Ⅸ),黄夹苦甙(Ⅹ),lamiridoside(Ⅺ)和京尼平甙(Ⅻ)。Ⅴ和Ⅵ是新化合物,分别命名为马缨丹糖A(lantanose A)和马缨丹糖B(lantanose B),其余均首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Hemorrhagic intracranial malignant neoplasms: spin-echo MR imaging

Twelve patients with 15 separate, spontaneously hemorrhagic, intracranial malignant lesions (seven primary gliomas, eight metastatic lesions) were examined with spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T, and with computed tomography. The signal intensity patterns of these lesions, as seen on both short repetition time (TR)/short echo time (TE) and long-TR/long-TE spin-echo pulse sequences, were compared with the previously described appearance at 1.5 T of non-neoplastic intracerebral hematomas. The images of hemorrhagic intracranial malignancies showed notable signal heterogeneity, often with identifiable nonhemorrhagic tissue corresponding to tumor; diminished, irregular, or absent hemosiderin deposition; delayed hematoma evolution; and pronounced or persistent edema, compared with non-neoplastic hematomas. The demonstration of these characteristics in the appropriate clinical setting may suggest malignancy as the cause of an intracranial hematoma.