黏液瘤病毒对大鼠体内胶质瘤作用的研究

目的 探讨黏液瘤病毒对大鼠动物模型体内胶质瘤细胞的作用.方法 采用立体定向法向SD大鼠颅内注射C6细胞建立大鼠额叶胶质瘤模型,明确成瘤后,随机分组,以立体定向方法往瘤腔内注射黏液瘤病毒(MV),5-FU,MV+ 5-FU及灭活黏液瘤病毒(DV),观察不同组别间大鼠体重、肿瘤大小、GFAP表达、Akt表达情况.结果 SD大鼠注射C6细胞后,额叶可见胶质瘤生长.成瘤后瘤腔内注射MV、5-FU及MV+ 5-FU,肿瘤的生长较注射DV减慢,并有缩小趋势,GFAP表达较少.MV组及MV+ 5-FU组PI3k、Akt及mTOR表达较DV组及5-FU组下降.结论 立体定向法注射C6细胞可以建立稳定的胶质瘤模型.MV可以通过调节PI3K-Akt-mTOR通路相关基因的表达,从而增加化疗药物对动物模型体内肿瘤细胞的生物学活性.     

Long-term proton pump inhibitor use is a risk factor for mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19

Background and aimThe aim of this study is to evaluate whether the long-term (≥4 weeks) use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is a risk factor for intubation requirement and mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19.Materials and methods In this multicentric retrospective study, a total of 382 adult patients (≥18 years of age) with confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized for treatment were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups according to the periods during which they used PPIs: the first group included patients who were not on PPI treatment, and the second group included those who have used PPIs for more than 4 weeksResultsThe study participants were grouped according to their PPI usage history over the last 6 months. In total, 291 patients did not use any type of PPI over the last 6 months, and 91 patients used PPIs for more than 4 weeks. Older age (HR: 1.047, 95% CI: 1.026–1.068), current smoking (HR: 2.590, 95% CI: 1.334–5.025), and PPI therapy for more than 4 weeks (HR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.06–2.41) were found to be independent risk factors for mortalityConclusionThe results obtained in this study show that using PPIs for more than 4 weeks is associated with negative outcomes for patients with COVID-19. Patients receiving PPI therapy should be evaluated more carefully if they are hospitalized for COVID-19 treatment.     

PSORIASIS-LIKE LESIONS IN GUINEA PIGS RECEIVING PROPRANOLOL

Background. β-Blockers cause a psoriasiform eruption. We investigated the skin effects of systemic propranolol in a formal protocol. Methods. Propranolol, 0.1 mg/day, was used systemically by gavage in eight albino guinea pigs. Normal saline was given to another group of seven guinea pigs. Results. Propranolol produced psoriasiform lesions in five of seven guinea pigs on the 30th day. Biopsies showed acanthosis, parakeratosis, microabscesses, and cellular infiltration of upper dermis. Topical application of propranolol did not produce clinical psoriasiform changes, while acanthosis and papillomatosis was observed in six of the six guinea pigs. Conclusions. Systemically given propranolol can lead to psoriasis-like lesions, which might be due to a serum factor.     

阿克他利对Ⅱ型胶原性关节炎小鼠的治疗作用及部分机制研究

 目的 研究阿克他利(Acta)对小鼠Ⅱ型胶原性关节炎(CIA)的治疗作用。方法 采用Ⅱ型胶原(CⅡ)乳剂皮内注射诱导的小鼠CIA模型。在此基础上,检测小鼠足肿胀、免疫功能的改变,以及对CⅡ的迟发性变态反应(DTH)和血清中抗CⅡ抗体的测定,同时进行了病理组织学的检查。结果 Acta(10,30,90 mg·kg^-1)ig对CⅡ诱导的小鼠足肿胀有明显的抑制作用;体外研究发现,Acta(10,30,90 mg·kg^-1)能使CIA小鼠过高的ConA增殖反应和IL-2的产生恢复至接近正常,同时对CIA小鼠过高的IL-1产生有明显的抑制作用;Acta(10,30,90 mg·kg^-1)ig可以明显减轻CⅡ诱发迟发性变态反应(DTH),但Acta对CIA小鼠体内的抗体的产生无显著影响。病理学检查表明,Acta(10,30,90 mg·kg^-1)ig可以减轻CIA小鼠的骨膜增生和软骨破坏。结论 Acta对CIA小鼠具有治疗作用,该作用可能是通过细胞免疫调节实现的。     

Effect of valproate and carbamazepine on visual evoked potentials in epileptic children

The effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) and sodium valproate (SV) monotherapy on visual evoked potentials (VEP) were studied in 18 epileptic children receiving CBZ and nine epileptic children receiving SV. Pattern reversal VEP were determined before the administration of antiepileptic drugs (AED) and 1 year later during which time the patients had received AED. The VEP amplitude showed no consistent changes after 1 year of CBZ and SV therapy, but VEP P-100 latencies were significantly prolonged after 1 year of CBZ therapy. We conclude that CBZ causes a slowing down of central impulse conduction and that VEP is useful to evaluate the effects of AED within the central nervous system.     

The place of premedication in pediatric practice

Behind the multiple arguments for and against the use of premedication, sedative drugs in children is a noble principle that of minimizing psychological trauma related to anesthesia and surgery. However, several confounding factors make it very difficult to reach didactic evidence-based conclusions. One of the key confounding issues is that the nature of expectations and responses for both parent and child vary greatly in different environments around the world. Studies applicable to one culture and to one hospital system (albeit multicultural) may not apply elsewhere. Moreover, the study of hospital-related distress begins at the start of the patient's journey and ends long after hospital discharge; it cannot be focused completely on just the moment of anesthetic induction. Taking an example from actual practice experience, the trauma caused by the actual giving of a premedication to a child who absolutely does not want it and may struggle may not be recorded in a study but could form a significant component of overall effect and later psychological pathology. Clearly, attitudes by health professionals and parents to the practice of routine pediatric premedication, vary considerably, often provoking strong opinions. In this pro–con article we highlight two very different approaches to premedication. It is hoped that this helps the reader to critically re-evaluate a practice, which was universal historically and now in many centers is more selective.     

国产美罗培南治疗急性细菌性感染的临床试验

目的:研究国产美罗培南用于抗感染治疗的临床疗效和安全性.方法:将30例中、重度急性细菌性感染患者按随机对照平行法分成2组,治疗组14例,给予美罗培南0.5g,q8h,静脉滴注;对照组16例,给予泰能(亚胺培南/西司他丁)1.0g,q8h,静脉滴注.两药疗程均为7～10d.结果:两组的临床痊愈率均为50%;临床有效率治疗组和对照组分别为85.7%和87.5%;细菌清除率分别为84.6%和85.7%;不良反应发生率分别为14.3%和18.8%.以上指标两组差异均无显著性(P>0.05).结论:国产新药美罗培南用于抗感染治疗安全有效.     

学龄前儿童普通话平均句子长度的多因素研究

【目的】探讨影响学龄前儿童普通话平均句子长度的因素,为促进儿童语言发育提供参考意见。【方法】以65名3~6岁学龄前儿童为研究对象并对其父母进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括儿童发育情况、家庭社会环境因素等39个变量。利用计算机程序计算每名儿童自然语言样本的平均句子长度。【结果】年龄、边看图书边自己讲述、父亲的文化程度、看广告、看电视后家长(或保姆)与儿童谈论电视内容与学龄前儿童平均句子长度呈正相关;边看图书边听家长讲述和语言障碍家族史与学龄前平均句子长度呈负相关。【结论】年龄、遗传因素和家庭语言环境为学龄前儿童语言发育的重要影响因素。     

A PIL for every ill? Patient information leaflets (PILs): a review of past, present and future use

This article reviews the usefulness and importance of written information, specifically leaflets, being given to patients. Evidence suggesting how both patient and doctor may benefit from the giving of written information is reviewed. Identification of good practice relating to the content and readability of leaflets is discussed. An argument is put forward that the giving of written information is an under-utilized resource in contributing to improving patient outcomes but that this may be changing with the increasing use of patient leaflet databases. The advantages and disadvantages of computer- generated patient leaflets are discussed and desirable further areas of research on computer-generated leaflets are proposed.