Phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against histidine decarboxylase: a study in mouse mammary epithelial cell cultures

Inflammation Research -     

Immune activation, steroid resistancy and bipolar disorder

Kupka RW, Breunis MN, Knijff E, Ruwhof C, Nolen WA, Drexhage HA. Immune activation, steroid resistancy and bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2002: 4(Suppl. 1): 73–74. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2002     

Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of a New Oral Cyclosporine Formulation

Study Objective . To compare the pharmacokinetics of a new oral cyclosporine preparation with those of cyclosporine solution diluted in Isocal and the intravenous formulation. Design . Randomized, crossover trial. Setting . Tertiary care referral center. Patients . Seven pediatric liver transplant recipients who were receiving oral cyclosporine as part of their immunosuppressive regimen. All patients completed the study. Interventions . Pharmacokinetic studies were performed with the intravenous and oral dosage forms. Patients received one dose of intravenous cyclosporine, and then were randomized to receive their usual oral cyclosporine dose incorporated into a chocolate wafer or mixed with Isocal. After a minimum of 3 days, the alternative preparation was administered. Serial cyclosporine blood samples were collected at predetermined intervals for 12 hours after the third dose for each regimen. Concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The data for the three dosage forms were fit simultaneously with a two-compartment model. Measurements and Main Results . No difference was seen in F, k_a, C_max, and Wax between the two oral cyclosporine preparations (p>0.05). No new rejection episodes occurred during the study period. Conclusions . We conclude there is no difference in the bioavailability of the oral solution and the chocolate formulation. We believe the new preparation may increase patient compliance and ensure administration of a complete dose compared with the currently marketed solution.     

Studies of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists on sympathetic mydriasis in rabbits.

This study was undertaken to identify the alpha-adrenergic receptor type responsible for sympathetically evoked mydriasis in pentobarbital-anesthetized rabbits. Frequency-response curves of pupillary dilation were generated by stimulation of the preganglionic cervical sympathetic nerve (1-64 Hz). Evoked mydriatic responses were inhibited by systemic administration of nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonists, phentolamine (0.3-10 mg/kg) and phenoxybenzamine (0.03-0.3 mg/kg), as well as the selective alpha(1)-adrenergic antagonist, prazosin (0.1-1 mg/kg). The alpha(2)-adrenergic antagonist, RS 79948 (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) was without inhibitory effect, but potentiated the mydriatic response. In addition, the selective alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor antagonist, 5-methylurapidil (0.1-1 mg/kg, i.v.), antagonized the elicited mydriasis in a dose-dependent fashion. Unlike previous observations that prazosin does not block the adrenoceptor in rabbit iris dilator muscle, our results suggest that prazosin is effective in inhibiting neuronally elicited mydriasis in this species, and that alpha(1A)-adrenoceptors appear to mediate the response.     

Treatment of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis without antibiotics: risk factors for treatment failure

Purpose

Conservative treatment strategy without antibiotics in patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis (UD) has proven to be safe. The aim of the current study is to assess the clinical course of UD patients who were initially treated without antibiotics and to identify risk factors for treatment failure.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed including all patients with a CT-proven episode of UD (defined as modified Hinchey 1A). Only non-immunocompromised patients who presented without signs of sepsis were included. Patients that received antibiotics within 24 h after or 2 weeks prior to presentation were excluded from analysis. Patient characteristics, clinical signs, and laboratory parameters were collected. Treatment failure was defined as (re)admittance, mortality, complications (perforation, abscess, colonic obstruction, urinary tract infection, pneumonia) or need for antibiotics, operative intervention, or percutaneous abscess drainage within 30 days after initial presentation. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to quantify which variables are independently related to treatment failure.

Results

Between January 2005 and January 2017, 751 patients presented at the emergency department with a CT-proven UD. Of these, 186 (25%) patients were excluded from analysis because of antibiotic treatment. A total of 565 patients with UD were included. Forty-six (8%) patients experienced treatment failure. In the multivariable analysis, a high CRP level (>?170 mg/L) was a significant predictive factor for treatment failure.

Conclusion

UD patients with a CRP level >?170 mg/L are at higher risk for non-antibiotic treatment failure. Clinical physicians should take this finding in consideration when selecting patients for non-antibiotic treatment.

     

Calibration of a proton beam energy monitor

Delivery of therapeutic proton beams requires an absolute energy accuracy of +/-0.64 to 0.27 MeV for patch fields and a relative energy accuracy of +/-0.10 to 0.25 MeV for tailoring the depth dose distribution using the energy stacking technique. Achromatic switchyard tunes, which lead to better stability of the beam incident onto the patient, unfortunately limit the ability of switchyard magnet tesla meters to verify the correct beam energy within the tolerances listed above. A new monitor to measure the proton energy before each pulse is transported through the switchyard has been installed into a proton synchrotron. The purpose of this monitor is to correct and/or inhibit beam delivery when the measured beam energy is outside of the tolerances for treatment. The monitor calculates the beam energy using data from two frequency and eight beam position monitors that measure the revolution frequency of the proton bunches and the effective offset of the orbit from the nominal radius of the synchrotron. The new energy monitor has been calibrated by measuring the range of the beam through water and comparing with published range-energy tables for various energies. A relationship between depth dose curves and range-energy tables was first determined using Monte Carlo simulations of particle transport and energy deposition. To reduce the uncertainties associated with typical scanning water phantoms, a new technique was devised in which the beam energy was scanned while fixed thickness water tanks were sandwiched between two fixed parallel plate ionization chambers. Using a multitude of tank sizes, several energies were tested to determine the nominal accelerator orbit radius. After calibration, the energy reported by the control system matched the energy derived by range measurements to better than 0.72 MeV for all nine energies tested between 40 and 255 MeV with an average difference of -0.33 MeV. A study of different combinations of revolution frequency and radial offsets to test the envelope of algorithm accuracy demonstrated a relative accuracy of +/-0.11 MeV for small energy changes between 126 and 250 MeV. These new measurements may serve as a data set for benchmarking range-energy relationships.     

延髓头端腹外侧区在大鼠外侧下丘脑/穹窿周围区升压反应中的作用

目的 探讨延髓头端腹外侧区（RVL）对大鼠外侧下丘脑/穹窿周围区（LH/PF）升压反应的影响和作用机制.方法 30只健康Wistar大鼠随机分成4组：酚妥拉明组;心得安组;阿托品组和谷氨酸二乙酯组,每组均用生理盐水作对照.谷氨酸钠微量注入大鼠LH/PF后,观察血压升高和心率加快反应;然后分别将酚妥拉明、心得安、阿托品和谷氨酸二乙酯微量注射到RVL,再观测注射谷氨酸钠后的血压和心率变化.结果 谷氨酸钠微量注入LH/PF后大鼠的动脉血压明显升高,心率加快;RVL内分别微量注射酚妥拉明、心得安、甲基阿托品和谷氨酸二乙酯后再注射谷氨酸钠,各组大鼠的升压反应明显降低,与生理盐水对照组之间有非常显著性差异（ P〈0.01）.结论 RVL内的α-、β-、M-和谷氨酸（Glu-）受体介导LH/PF的升压反应.     

3.0T磁共振T2WI及重T2技术检测乳糜池的对比研究

目的利用3.0T磁共振脂肪抑制T2WI及重T2技术对乳糜池进行成像,探讨两种技术的优劣性。方法对142例病人进行上腹部脂肪抑制T2WI及三维MR乳糜池成像,观察两种手段显示的乳糜池的形态、位置以及汇入的小淋巴管和网状小淋巴管等情况,并根据冠状T2WI、MR乳糜池成像的原始图像及MIP图像对乳糜池的各个径线进行测量。结果乳糜池在脂肪抑制T2WI图像显示为134例(94.37%),在三维MR乳糜池成像原始图像和MIP图像显示113例(87.77%)。轴位、冠状脂肪抑制T2WI图像结合三平面定位图像可以对乳糜池的位置进行定位,大多数乳糜池位于第一腰椎水平,并位于椎体中央的前方。乳糜池变异较大,多数为管状和梭形,MIP图像上平均的上下径、左右径和前后径分别为(26.34±10.40)mm、(5.20±2.18)mm和(5.25±2.16)mm。结论脂肪抑制T2WI可用于乳糜池的定位,重T2加权技术可以对乳糜池进行准确测量,结合两种技术可提高乳糜池研究的准确性。     

输尿管镜下钬激光碎石常见并发症原因分析对策

[目的]探讨输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石的并发症的原因及预防措施。[方法]2010年4月至2013年3月，本院112例输尿管结石采用F9号w o lf输尿管镜钬激光碎石系统治疗的临床资料进行分析。[结果]在治疗过程中有20例发生了不同程度的并发症，包括输尿管镜置入失败3例；输尿管损伤（穿孔，黏膜下隧道）及膀胱损伤共5例，其中2例放置D-J管后治愈，余3例开放手术取石并修复损伤的输尿管；输尿管碎石过程中全部或部分结石上移至肾盂9例，术后行体外振波碎石（ESWL ）治愈。术后感染高热2例，其中1例发生感染性休克。术后严重血尿1例。[结论]针对各并发症不同原因，采取相应措施干预，能有效地预防和处理各并发症，其关键在于术前认真准备，术中娴熟而仔细的操作。     

泌尿外科留学生示教体会及思考

对泌尿外科留学生见习教学经验进行总结并进一步对教学方法进行探讨。教学成功的经验包括：充分的课前准备;互动式教学;让学生成为课堂的主体;重视泌尿外科教具应用。并对如何进一步提高教学效果进行探讨。