Ankle: surface coil MR imaging at 1.5 T

High-field surface coil magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained of 12 ankles: two from healthy volunteers, seven from patients, and three from fresh cadavers. The cadaver ankles were sectioned in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes for direct comparison with the MR images. Plain film confirmation of pathologic conditions was obtained in all patients, and five underwent arthroscopy or surgery, or both. MR imaging provided excellent delineation of ligaments and cartilaginous structures in all cases.     

Longterm study of the effectiveness of different dental care programs in school children

The caries prevalence was examined in children from the first to the tenth grade in Rostock and Krakow between 1974 and 1988. In Krakow, a town with a preventive orientated dental care program, a significance caries reduction was found. Therefore there is an increase of health and an improvement of oral situation for the children on the way to the goals of WHO for oral health by the year 2000.     

Management of cerebral ischemia due to Takayasu''''s arteritis

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Combined treatment of gastric cancer using hypoxic radiotherapy

Application of preoperative large-field hypoxyradiotherapy using 8% O2 mixture for inhalation and radiation (4 Gy three times a week, total focal dose--40 Gy in 10 fractions) for combined treatment of gastric cancer was pioneered in the clinic. The procedure assured a drop in the frequency of general radiation reaction as compared to irradiation under normal air condition (total focal dose--32 Gy in 8 fractions). Moreover, a 17% increase in resection rate was achieved due to regression of primary tumor and metastases. Survival was found double that following surgery. The modality was not associated with higher postoperative complication and lethality rates.     

Bilateral renal cortical necrosis in two patients with Neisseria meningitidis sepsis.

Two patients who developed bilateral renal cortical necrosis as a consequence of Neisseria meningitidis infections are described: 1 patient had meningococcemia and the other had meningococcal meningitis. Both patients developed a Shwartzman-like reaction, disseminated intravascular coagulation and irreversible renal failure. Renal biopsy showed sclerosis of the majority of glomeruli; some glomeruli showed capillary congestion, thrombosis and an increased number of neutrophils; the intralobular arterioles showed thrombotic occlusions.     

Role of norepinephrine in the rabbit ganglionectomy response

Superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCG) produced delayed mydriasis and ocular hypotension in rabbits. Norepinephrine (NE) was lost from the iris-ciliary body exponentially with onset of about 11 h. NE in aqueous humor peaked at twice control levels (from 7 to 14 ng/ml) at 16.5 h and subsequently declined to below control levels by 24 h. Intracameral administration of radiolabeled NE (150 ng) to control eyes resulted in a calculated outflow of 1.6 microliter/min, comparable to that seen with fluorescein (1.7 microliter/min). NE administered to ganglionectomized eyes (26 h after surgery) resulted in a calculated outflow of 3.1 microliter/min. These results suggest that mydriasis following SCG may be due to NE released from degenerating sympathetic nerve endings. However, NE concentration in the aqueous humor appears inadequate to produce the delayed increase in outflow observed in rabbits after SCG.     

Characterization of adrenoceptor subtypes in cat cutaneous vasculature

Experiments were undertaken to characterize the relative contribution of adrenoceptor subtypes in mediating vasoconstriction to exogenous agonists in the digital cutaneous vascular bed of the anesthetized cat using laser-Doppler flowmetry. Intra-arterial administration of (-)-epinephrine and (-)-norepinephrine into the brachial artery caused a dose-related vasoconstriction (decreased flow) with ED50 values of 7 and 21 ng, respectively. Blockade of beta adrenoceptors with propranolol did not alter the response to (-)-epinephrine nor did i.a. isoproterenol produce a significant vasodilation. Vasoconstrictor responses elicited by (-)-epinephrine and (-)-norepinephrine were antagonized by treatment with phentolamine (2.5 mg/kg i.v.) and by yohimbine (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) but were only marginally blocked by prazosin (0.1 mg/kg i.v.). A dose-related depression of cutaneous blood flow was also caused by clonidine at doses virtually identical to those of (-)-norepinephrine. Clonidine-induced vasoconstriction was antagonized by rauwolscine (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) but not by prazosin (0.1 mg/kg i.v.). Dose-response curves to a variety of additional adrenoceptor stimulants were constructed with the potency rank order for all agonists being: (-)-epinephrine greater than B-HT 920 = (-)-norepinephrine = clonidine much greater than (-)-phenylephrine much greater than B-HT 933 greater than methoxamine. Treatment with prazosin (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) antagonized methoxamine induced cutaneous vasoconstriction but not the decreased blood flow caused by B-HT 933. In contrast, rauwolscine (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) blocked the responses to B-HT 933 but not methoxamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)