Characteristic differences between vestibular migraine and migraine only patients

Journal of Neurology - Vestibular migraine (VM) is one of the most common causes of vertigo in clinical practice but it is not always easy to make the correct diagnosis. Our aims were to find out...     

Gallbladder Polyps: What are the factors affecting the possibility of malignancy? A Single Center Experience

Hellenic Journal of Surgery - With the increasing use of imaging methods, there has been an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with gallbladder polyp. In patients undergoing...     

Treatment in patients with low traumatic pneumothorax ratio

Thoracostomy tube placement (TT) is currently one of the most important treatment modalities used in traumatic pneumothorax patients. In patients with low pneumothorax ratio (percentage), both follow-up without surgery and employing intervention when indicated may be appropriate choice. We presented the outcome of patients with low traumatic pneumothorax ratio treated by follow up without surgical intervention in our clinic. During the period from January 2000 until January 2002, 108 patients who were treated and followed with low percentage traumatic pneumothorax in Ankara Numune Hospital Thoracic Surgery Clinic were allocated into three groups due to blunt trauma of the thorax, penetrating-cutting instrument injury and gunshot injury. All patients were admitted to the clinic with the purpose of observation without surgical intervention and chest roentgenograms were taken at the sixth and twelfth hours and daily thereafter. TT was performed for 46 (43%) patients whose pneumothorax ratio increased during the observation period. TT was more frequent in patients with 20% percentage pneumothorax (69%) as well as with two or more fractured ribs (69%). Follow-up without surgical intervention may one of the appropriate modes of treatment in patients who have minimal traumatic pneumothorax.     

Permanent first molar extraction in adolescents and young adults and its effect on the development of third molar

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of permanent first molar (P1M) extraction among Turkish adolescents and young adult subpopulation, and to investigate the effects of P1M extraction on development of the third molars (3Ms) in the same quadrant.

Materials and methods

A retrospective study including 2,925 panoramic radiographs (PRs) taken from patients (aged 13–20 years) who were examined to identify cases of had at least one maxillary or mandibular P1Ms extracted was performed. Additionally, 294 PRs with the maxillary or mandibular unilateral loss of a P1M were used to assess the developmental grades of the 3Ms. Statistical analyses were performed by means of parametric tests after performing a Shapiro–Wilks normality test to the data.

Result

A total of 945 patients (32.3 %) presented with at least one P1M extraction with no gender difference (P?=?0.297). There were more cases of mandibular P1Ms extracted (784 patients, 1,066 teeth) than maxillary P1Ms extracted (441 patients, 549 teeth) (P?<?0.001). The development of the 3Ms on the extraction side, in the both maxilla and mandible, was significantly accelerated when compared with the contralateral teeth (P?=?0.000, P?=?0.000, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found in the differences in the developmental of the 3Ms between the maxilla and mandible (P?=?0.718).

Conclusions

High prevalence of P1Ms extraction among Turkish adolescents and young adults shows a need for targeted dental actions, including prevention and treatment. The development of the 3Ms on the extraction side, in the both maxilla and mandible, was significantly accelerated.

Clinical relevance

To date, no information about prevalence of P1Ms extraction among Turkish adolescents and young adults is documented. In addition, the present study has a larger population and complementary information about 3Ms development than previous studies.     

The neutralization effect of montelukast on SARS-CoV-2 is shown by multiscale in silico simulations and combined in vitro studies

Small molecule inhibitors have previously been investigated in different studies as possible therapeutics in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In the current drug repurposing study, we identified the leukotriene (D4) receptor antagonist montelukast as a novel agent that simultaneously targets two important drug targets of SARS-CoV-2. We initially demonstrated the dual inhibition profile of montelukast through multiscale molecular modeling studies. Next, we characterized its effect on both targets by different in vitro experiments including the enzyme (main protease) inhibition-based assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy, pseudovirus neutralization on HEK293T/hACE2+TMPRSS2, and virus neutralization assay using xCELLigence MP real-time cell analyzer. Our integrated in silico and in vitro results confirmed the dual potential effect of montelukast both on the main protease enzyme inhibition and virus entry into the host cell (spike/ACE2). The virus neutralization assay results showed that SARS-CoV-2 virus activity was delayed with montelukast for 20 h on the infected cells. The rapid use of new small molecules in the pandemic is very important today. Montelukast, whose pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties are very well characterized and has been widely used in the treatment of asthma since 1998, should urgently be completed in clinical phase studies and, if its effect is proved in clinical phase studies, it should be used against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).     

Demodex positive discoid lupus erythematosus: Is it a separate entity or an overlap syndrome?

Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic inflammatory erythematous skin disease that can be triggered by several factors. Rosacea is another skin disease that causes facial redness and tenderness. Demodex mites have been reported in rosacea and DLE patients commonly in the literature. These two diseases can be seen concomitant, mimic each other clinically and share common possible etiologic factors. To assess demodex mite infestation in both clinical and histopathological findings in DLE patients. We retrospectively evaluated the files of 42 patients with DLE who had been diagnosed DLE based on clinical and histopathological findings between August 2018 and August 2019. Demodex positivity was detected 50% of patients (n = 21). Neutrophile percentages in the dermal and perivascular area were higher in the demodex positive patients (4.43%) than in the Demodex negative patients (2.19%). The intensity of demodex mites correlated positively with dermal neutrophile percentages. ANA was negative in 29 patients (69%) and positive in 13 patients (31%). Anti‐dsDNA was negative in serology and follicular plugging was positive in histopathology in all 42 patients (100%). This was a retrospective study. DLE and rosacea share common features in etiopathogenesis and clinical presentation. Inflammation and exacerbations caused by the demodex mites may increase the clinical severity of DLE. Although the position of demodex mites in DLE etiopathogenesis is not known exactly, the presence of high demodex in DLE patients has been determined. Standard skin surface biopsy can be a routine procedure for the evaluation of DLE patients in daily clinical practice.     

Intrafamilial variability of XYLT2-related spondyloocular syndrome

Spondyloocular syndrome is characterized by generalized osteoporosis, multiple fractures and severe ocular findings. The causative XYLT2 mutations have recently been identified with the use of whole exome sequencing. We report on two siblings with spondyloocular syndrome who presented with varying clinical severity. A novel XYLT2 missense mutation was detected in a region evolutionary conserved across the species. This report along with the previous reports demonstrates that variable expressivity may be possible even within the same family. These two siblings with a novel mutation further expand the clinical and mutational spectrum of spondyloocular syndrome.