1—丙二烯基—2，3，4，6—四—氧—乙酰基—β—D—吡喃糖苷的合成及应用机理

分别采用化学、声化学及光辐射等方法合成了1-丙二烯基-2,3,4,6四-氧-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃糖苷,结果表明声化学方法最有效、快速;借助电子自旋共振（ESR）技术及相关实验,证实此类糖苷的生成为一离子消除反应,所合成的糖苷化合物脱去乙酰基后对T、B淋巴细胞具有体外免疫调节作用。     

先天性外耳道闭锁中耳畸形临床分析

采用外耳道及鼓室再造术治疗先天性外耳道完全闭锁29例。统计各种外、中耳畸形情况,比较耳廓发育程度、颞骨相当于外耳道口处有无骨性小凹、术前听力损失程度与中耳畸形的关系,将术前的常规横断位CT检查结果与术中所见进行对照。结果显示,术前可通过耳廓发育程度、相当于外耳道口处有无骨性小凹、听力损失程度和颞骨CT扫描来综合估计中耳畸形情况,为术前了解手术难度和确定手术进路及方式提供一定的参考依据。     

肾盂输尿管癌p53、nm23表达的临床意义

目的：揭示p53、nm23基因表达与肾盂输尿管癌生物学行为的关系。方法：采用免疫组化SABC法和原位杂交技术检测p53、nm23的表达。结果：肾盂输尿管癌p53、nm23阳性表达分别为51．1％（23／45）和46．7％（21／45）。p53阳性表达T2－T3为60％（21／35）,T1为20％（2／10）,P＜0．05;G2－G3为59．0％（23／39）,G1为0％（0／6）。nm23阳性表达T2－T3为48．6％（17／35）,T1为40％（4／10）,P＞0．05,G2－G3为48．7％（19／39）,G1为33．3％（2／6）,P＞0．05。p53阳性表达术后再发膀胱癌与阴性表达相比较P＞0．05。nm23阳性表达术后膀胱癌再发为61．9％（13／21）,阴性表达为20．9％（5／24）,P＜0．05。p53、nm23阳性表达生存率明显低于阴性表达,P＜0．05。结论：p53阳性表达与肾盂输尿管癌病理分期、分级有关,nm23阳性表达与术后再发膀胱癌有关。p53和nm23可能是判断肾盂输尿管癌预后的指标之一。     

HIV/结核双重感染患者营养风险状况及影响因素分析

目的 调查HIV/结核双重感染患者的营养风险及影响因素,为HIV/结核双重感染患者的营养管理提供参考.方法 采用营养风险筛查2002回顾性收集321例HIV/结核双重感染患者营养风险筛查结果,对营养风险的影响因素进行Logistic回归分析.结果 HIV/结核双重感染患者营养风险发生率为57.94％;回归分析结果显示,BMI、血红蛋白和HIV-RNA定量是HIV/结核双重感染患者营养风险的影响因素(均P＜0.01).结论 HIV/结核双重感染患者营养风险比例较高,应重点关注BMI较低、贫血和HIV-RNA定量较高患者,及时纠正营养风险.     

妇幼保健专业人员对母乳喂养障碍感知质性研究的Meta整合

目的 系统评价妇幼保健专业人员对母乳喂养障碍感知的质性研究,为母乳喂养促进措施提供参考.方法 检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、JBI循证卫生保健国际合作中心图书馆、CINAHL、Embase、Web of Science、Sinomed、中国知网、万方和维普数据库,自建库至2021年1月发表的关于妇幼保健专业人员对母乳喂养障碍感知的质性研究.使用澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准评价文献质量,采用汇集性整合的方法进行结果整合.结果 共纳入17项原始研究,归纳组合成14个新的类别,并综合成4个主题:人员配置、环境和机构间支持协作对母乳喂养行为的限制;专业人员母乳喂养支持能力、认知以及团队间协作有待改善;家庭、社会文化和传统习俗对母乳喂养的压力;孕产妇个人因素、分娩因素和新生儿健康影响母乳喂养.结论 妇幼保健专业人员在促进母乳喂养过程中感知到存在多方面的障碍因素.建议改进培训方法和保健策略,促进妇幼保健专业人员母乳喂养措施的实施.     

A National Survey of Breast Surgeons and Radiation Oncologists on Contemporary Axillary Management in Mastectomy Patients

Annals of Surgical Oncology - Management of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer has undergone significant change over the past decade through landmark clinical trials. This study aimed to assess...     

Clinicopathological characteristics,prognosis, and chemosensitivity in patients with metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma

PurposeTo investigate the clinical characteristics, chemosensitivity, and outcome of metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).Patients and MethodsRecords of patients with metastatic UTUC since January 2005 were retrieved from a database that included clinical and survival data. Statistical analyses including survival and multivariate analyses of factors were respectively performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsA total of 250 consecutive UTUC cases were evaluated. There were 56 patients (22.4%) with initially diagnosed stage IV disease. The most common metastatic sites were lung (39.6%), distant lymph nodes (39.2%), bone (19.6%), liver (18.0%), and adrenal gland (7.2%), respectively, and the local recurrence rate was 10.4%. Two hundred thirteen patients received first-line chemotherapy. The overall response rate was only 28.7% and the median progression-free survival time was only 5.0 months. The overall survival time of the cohort was 18.0 months. Multivariate analyses showed that initially diagnosed stage IV disease, number of metastatic organs ≥3, no response to chemotherapy and cycles of chemotherapy ≤2 were adverse prognosticators for overall survival.ConclusionUTUC presented to be more prone to metastasize than locally recur and thought to have low chemosensitivity. Stage IV disease at initial diagnosis, number of metastatic organs, response and cycles of chemotherapy were independent prognosticators for metastatic UTUC.     

利用CT表现鉴别肾上腺隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤和皮质腺瘤

目的探讨如何利用CT表现对肾上腺隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤和肾上腺皮质腺瘤进行鉴别诊断。方法收集2010年1月至2020年1月期间中国医科大学附属第一医院收治的177例肾上腺肿瘤患者进行回顾性分析,对比各组患者之间的一般临床资料和CT表现。结果隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤56例、皮质醇腺瘤32例、醛固酮腺瘤44例、无功能腺瘤45例,隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤组在肿瘤侧别上与无功能腺瘤组差异有统计学意义,在肿瘤最大直径、平扫CT值、动脉期和延迟期增强CT值上均显著大于三组肾上腺腺瘤组。以肿瘤直径≥2.95 cm诊断隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.872,敏感度为87.5%,特异性为76.0%;当平扫CT值≥24.5 Hu时,AUC为0.929,敏感度为94.0%,特异性为82.5%;当动脉期增强CT值≥89.5 Hu时,AUC为0.886,敏感度为72.7%,特异性为90.6%;当延迟期增强CT值≥82.5 Hu时,AUC为0.937,敏感度为84.6%,特异性为95.3%;联合以上四个指标时,AUC为0.981,阈值为≥0.118,敏感度为100%,特异性为90.6%。结论以肿瘤直径2.95 cm、平扫CT值24.5 Hu、动脉期增强CT值89.5 Hu和延迟期增强CT值82.5 Hu为阈值对肾上腺隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤有较好的鉴别诊断价值。     

Pseudotumor appearance in chronic hepatitis

A pseudotumor appearance of the liver has not been previously described in chronic hepatitis. We reviewed 81 charts with a biopsy diagnosis of "chronic hepatitis" and at least one radiologic liver scan, and found four cases with a pseudotumor appearance. They all had features on radiologic scans suggestive of space-occupying lesions. Histology showed chronic hepatitis in all four. Two were cirrhotic, one due to alcohol and the other due to hepatitis B. The other two patients had chronic active hepatitis with regenerative nodules but only limited fibrosis, one due to hepatitis B, the other probable non-A, non-B. None had any evidence of hepatic malignancy. We conclude that some patients with chronic hepatitis may present with a pseudotumor appearance on radiological scans, due to the presence of regenerative nodules. Space-occupying lesions on liver scans in chronic hepatitis may represent non-neoplastic liver disease.