Periodontal disease in mothers indicates risk in their children

Introduction.  It is well established that severe periodontitis clusters in families, but there are no data about the relationship between mothers with chronic periodontitis and their children's periodontal status.
Objective.  To evaluate a risk for periodontal diseases in children of periodontally diseased and healthy mothers.
Methods.  Four study groups were included: (I) 20 female patients with untreated generalized severe chronic periodontitis, (II) their children (34), (III) 13 periodontally healthy mothers and (IV) their children (13). Material was collected from years 2004–2006. The clinical examination included registration of visible plaque index, modified gingival index and, bleeding sites on probing. Periodontal microbiological samples were obtained from all study subjects and the isolates were identified according to morphology and biochemical profiles; similar interfamilial pathogens were compared by PCR-technique.
Results.  The children of diseased mothers more frequently had periodontal diseases, especially gingivitis. In addition, clinical parameters of gingival inflammation were more expressed and oral hygiene was worse in this group of children. VPI and VPI% of the diseased and healthy mothers differed significantly. The most common oral pathogens were P. intermedia/nigrescens and A. actinomycetemcomitans . The children of healthy mothers harboured pathogens less frequently than the children of diseased mothers. The sharing of P. intermedia/nigrescens was more frequent (5 families) than A. actinomycetemcomitans (2 families).
Conclusion.  Maternal indicators, such as periodontitis, hygiene habits, and periodontal microflora are risk factors for childhood periodontal diseases, and might be predictive of future childhood and adolescent periodontitis.     

寒区边防军人睡眠异常对战斗力的影响调查

目的：调查研究寒区边防军人睡眠异常对部队战斗力的影响。方法：用EpiData302软件包制成的电子问卷,采用问答的形式进行调查,在军医指导下利用计算机同步填写。结果：226位边防军人中睡眠异常者为187人,占82.7％。按睡眠异常对战斗力的影响前10种情况依次为影响白天精力、影响情绪、影响站岗、影响训练、影响学习、影响体力（下降）、影响比赛、影响出操、影响食欲、影响思维。结论：边防军入睡眠异常不容忽视,对部队战斗力产生着不良影响。