IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and breast cancer in young women: a pooled re-analysis of three prospective studies.

Prospective cohort studies on breast cancer risk among premenopausal women and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations have so far included only few cases, and have shown inconsistent relative risk estimates. We pooled 220 cases of breast cancer diagnosed before age 50, and 434 control subjects, from three prospective studies in New York (USA), Ume? (Northern Sweden) and Milan (Italy), and we measured IGF-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) with common enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Overall, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 measurements obtained by the common method showed a positive but not significant relationship with breast cancer risk (odds ratios (ORs) 0.90 [95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 0.50-1.62], 1.63 [0.89-2.97], 1.46 [0.78-2.73] and 1.41 [0.75-2.63] for quintiles of IGF-I, and ORs 0.98 [0.54-1.75], 1.06 [0.59-1.91], 1.04 [0.58-1.87] and 1.77 [0.97-3.24] for quintiles of IGFBP-3). Our results give only moderate support for an association of blood IGF-I with breast cancer risk in young women.     

CD5 positive B‐ALL,a uniquely aggressive subcategory of B‐ALL? A case report and brief review of the literature

CD5 antigen expression in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is exceptionally rare. There are six detailed case reports in the literature, with only 16 cases described. Case series analyzing the frequency of aberrant B‐ALL immunophenotypes suggest that this variant may occur in as little as 2‐4.5% of all B‐ALL cases, with one series having no CD5⁺ positive cases. Herein we report a case of CD5⁺ B‐ALL in a 15‐year‐old female, and review the previously reported cases. As limited information is available, more data from prospective clinical trials are required to determine whether CD5 positivity portends a poorer prognosis.     

Ethical Issues in Practice With Older Women Who Misuse Substances

Older women who misuse substances represent a growing population within the United States. Yet, helping professionals lack guidance in addressing ethical issues that arise in working with these older women. The purpose of this article is to (a) examine what we know about older women who misuse substances, (b) address professional ethical dilemmas and other ethical issues that emerge in treating and delivering services to older women, (c) identify barriers for treatment, and (d) propose practice recommendations. Specifically, the authors examine the overarching professional ethical dilemma or tension between client autonomy and professional beneficence that emerges in treating and delivering services to older women. Implications are delineated for professional education, gender-and age-sensitive substance misuse services, and research and policy efforts.     

The involvement of Type II Neuregulin-1 in rat visuospatial learning and memory

The cognitive deficits observed in schizophrenia are considered a core feature of the disease. Neuregulin-1 is a risk gene for schizophrenia that is involved in many neurodevelopmental and synaptic plasticity-related processes relevant to schizophrenia. Here, we have utilized a rat model (Nrg1^Tn), which is hypomorphic for the neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) gene, to test whether reduced Type II NRG1 in the rat brain leads to cognitive deficits relevant to schizophrenia. Wild-type and homozygous Nrg1^Tn male rats were tested in memory tasks that evaluated spatial memory (Morris water maze) and visuospatial working and reference memory (Can Test). Nrg1^Tn rats were not impaired on the Morris water maze, but did show a deficit in the appetitive visuospatial discrimination test. Nrg1^Tn rats committed more reference and working memory errors in this test. These results indicate that decreased Type II NRG1 in the brain may lead to deficits in visuospatial learning and memory.     

“I felt like the angel of death”: role conflicts and moral distress among allied professionals employed by the US cardiovascular implantable electronic device industry

Purpose  

This study aimed to identify themes associated with role conflicts and moral distress experienced by cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) industry-employed allied professionals (IEAPs) in the clinical setting.     

Adulthood Relocation: Implications for Personality,Future Orientation,and Social Partner Choices

The purpose of this study was to learn the reasons why individuals relocate and whether relocaters differ from nonrelocaters on demographic, social, and personality factors. One hundred participants from three age groups, 34 to 46 (young/middle-aged), 54 to 66 (young-old), and 69 to 93 (older) years, were designated as relocaters or residents as a function of months of residence. Relocaters did not differ from residents in age, income, health, or marital status. Reasons provided for relocating revealed the following differences: young/middle-aged moved for employ ment reasons, young-old moved for reasons of retirement, and older adults relocated to be closer to family members. No differences in network size occurred and older relocaters selected more cards in a social partner selection task. Most interesting was the finding that relocaters scored higher on Openness to Experience and future orientation. These data suggest personality may be an important trait that explains why some individuals are more likely to relocate.