Prevalence of self-reported food allergy in American adults and use of food labels

BACKGROUND: Few population-based studies in the United States have determined the prevalence of food allergy in adults and the problems these individuals might have with reading food labels. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study are to report the prevalence of self-reported food allergy, to identify the characteristics of food allergy reactions, and to describe the use of labels among adults with food allergy. METHODS: Questions from the US Food and Drug Administration's 2001 Food Safety Survey were analyzed to determine the prevalence of food allergy and opinions about food labels in the management of food allergy. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported food allergy is 9.1% among all survey respondents, with 5.3% of all respondents reporting a doctor-diagnosed food allergy. The prevalence of food allergy to the 8 most common allergens (peanut, tree nuts, egg, milk, wheat, soybeans, fish, and crustacean shellfish) is self-reported as 2.7% among respondents with doctors' diagnoses. Several label issues, such as words on some ingredient lists being too technical or hard to understand and food labels not always alerting persons to new ingredients, were reported as serious or very serious obstacles for managing an allergy. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of self-reported doctor-diagnosed food allergy among US adults is 5.3%, and a large portion of adults with food allergy found certain label issues a serious problem for managing their food allergy. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The findings provide a needed source of population-based prevalence data of food allergy among US adults. Label issues identified are useful in understanding the difficulties of managing a food allergy.     

Bacteremia, fever, and splenomegaly caused by a newly recognized bartonella species

Bartonella species cause serious human infections globally, including bacillary angiomatosis, Oroya fever, trench fever, and endocarditis. We describe a patient who had fever and splenomegaly after traveling to Peru and also had bacteremia from an organism that resembled Bartonella bacilliformis, the causative agent of Oroya fever, which is endemic to Peru. However, genetic analyses revealed that this fastidious bacterium represented a previously uncultured and unnamed bartonella species, closely related to B. clarridgeiae and more distantly related to B. bacilliformis. We characterized this isolate, including its ability to cause fever and sustained bacteremia in a rhesus macaque. The route of infection and burden of human disease associated with this newly described pathogen are currently unknown.     

COVID-19 complicated by parainfluenza co-infection in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

The number of people suffering from the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 continues to rise. In SARS-CoV-2, superinfection with bacteria or fungi seems to be associated with increased mortality. The role of co-infections with respiratory viral pathogens has not yet been clarified. Here, we report the course of COVID-19 in a CLL patient with secondary immunodeficiency and viral co-infection with parainfluenza.     

Structure-Guided Rescaffolding of Selective Antagonists of BCL-XL

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