全文获取类型
收费全文 | 785篇 |
免费 | 15篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 24篇 |
妇产科学 | 7篇 |
基础医学 | 117篇 |
口腔科学 | 8篇 |
临床医学 | 29篇 |
内科学 | 88篇 |
皮肤病学 | 25篇 |
神经病学 | 175篇 |
特种医学 | 29篇 |
外科学 | 101篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 12篇 |
眼科学 | 55篇 |
药学 | 92篇 |
肿瘤学 | 31篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 14篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 16篇 |
2012年 | 47篇 |
2011年 | 64篇 |
2010年 | 26篇 |
2009年 | 30篇 |
2008年 | 53篇 |
2007年 | 64篇 |
2006年 | 46篇 |
2005年 | 46篇 |
2004年 | 52篇 |
2003年 | 49篇 |
2002年 | 61篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 14篇 |
1998年 | 15篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1939年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有800条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
The present study examined hippocampal volume and dentate gyrus width and their relations to gonadal hormone levels in adult male and female meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus. Females were split into High and Low Estradiol groups based on the median estradiol level. Males were similarly split into High and Low Testosterone groups. Contrary to previous reports in wild meadow voles, there was no evidence of an overall sex difference in hippocampal volume. However, when male-female comparisons were limited to High Testosterone males and Low Estradiol females a significant sex difference in hippocampal volume favouring males did emerge. Hippocampal volume in males was related to testosterone level, with High Testosterone males having significantly larger hippocampi than Low Testosterone males. Similarly, there was a significant influence of plasma estradiol level on hippocampal volume and left dentate gyrus width, with High Estradiol females having larger hippocampi and dentate gyrus width than Low Estradiol females. In addition, consistent with previous findings in the laboratory rat, there were sex differences favouring males in right dentate gyrus width. These findings show that there is a complex relationship between hippocampal volume, dentate gyrus width and gonadal hormone levels in male and female meadow voles. 相似文献
12.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cholecystokinin (CCK) have been shown to have anorectic properties in a variety of species. The present study examined the effects of LPS and CCK, both alone and in combination, on two different aspects of water ingestion, water intake and palatability. On test days, animals were first injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with either LPS (200 microg/kg) or NaCl vehicle, and 2 h later received a second injection of either CCK (8 microg/kg) or NaCl vehicle. In Experiment 1, water intake was monitored for 1 h on 3 separate test days 72 h apart; while in Experiment 2, water palatability was assessed using the taste reactivity test (TRT), on two separate test days 72 h apart. Both LPS and CCK significantly (p<0.05) reduced water intake, with the effects of combined LPS with CCK being more pronounced than either agent injected alone. Rats developed a rapid tolerance to the effects of LPS on water intake on subsequent exposures to LPS. Results from the TRT indicated that LPS enhanced water palatability (p<0.05), as evidenced by a high level of ingestive responding, whereas CCK produced a pattern of responding indicative of satiety. LPS plus CCK reduced ingestive responding on the first test day, but these responses were significantly increased on the second test day (p<0.05). These results demonstrate that although LPS reduces water intake, it enhances water palatability. The results further underscore the necessity for examining palatability changes in addition to intake measures when studying the regulation of feeding and drinking. 相似文献
13.
14.
Sabine?Dannenberg Marc?Alwin?Gieselmann Wolfgang?Kruse Klaus-Peter?Hoffmann 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2009,199(3-4):355-368
The behavioral relevance of neuronal activity in primate area MT for motion perception and control of visually guided eye movements is well documented. The projections of area MT comprise connections to subcortical structures and to the parietal network, both of which play a role in visuospatial transformation for guiding eyes and hands. Here, we have investigated, whether area MT is involved in the network needed to control visually guided arm movements. Our results show that half of the neurons tested significantly modulated their activity during visually guided arm movements. We conclude that the main reason for the neuronal modulation is not the arm movement per se, but the use of information from MT for visual feedback in the tracking movement. Moreover, control experiments show that attentional effects cannot solely cause the neuronal modulation. Thus, our study provides strong evidence that area MT is involved in processing visual information for visually guided manual tracking movements. 相似文献
15.
Klaus-Peter Ratzmann Siegfried Knospe Peter Heinke Bernd Schulz 《Acta diabetologica》1979,16(1):67-75
Summary We have studied the interrelationship of total body fat mass, carbohydrate tolerance and IRI response in 17 non-obese and
obese subjects, who were suspected of having early diabetes. We carried out an i.v. glucose infusion test consisting of a
priming injection of 0.33 g/kg followed by constant glucose infusion of 12 mg/kg/min in all persons. Total body fat mass was
estimated by the tritium dilution method. There was a positive correlation of body fat mass, fasting glucose concentration
and blood glucose concentration at 150 min as well as a strong correlation between body fat mass and BG area 60–120 min as
parameters of carbohydrate tolerance in all subjects, i.e. the degree of carbohydrate intolerance was directly related to
the quantity of total body fat mass. A similar correlation was found when the non-obese and obese groups were analyzed separately.
In neither group did total body fat mass correlate with parameters of IRI response. In obese subjects with pathological carbohydrate
tolerance, however, a positive correlation of basal IRI concentration and total body fat mass was found. Furthermore, a close
relation between basal IRI level and parameters of carbohydrate tolerance could be demonstrated in obese subjects. The present
study failed to demonstrate any correlation of parameters of carbohydrate tolerance and glucose-induced IRI response in either
group. Thus, the significant relationship between body fat mass and degree of carbohydrate intolerance indicates that total
body fat mass plays an important role in the disturbance of blood glucose homeostasis in early diabetes with and without obesity.
Investigation performed within the medical research project ‘Diabetes mellitus and disturbances of lipid metabolism’, Ministry
of Health, GDR. 相似文献
16.
Mueller AR Platz KP Kremer B 《Best Practice & Research: Clinical Gastroenterology》2004,18(5):881-900
Liver transplantation is a highly successful treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure. However, serious postoperative complications can significantly compromise patient survival. Complications can be technical, medical, or immunological in nature. The risk of developing early postoperative complications is associated with the patient's preoperative condition, the quality of the donor liver, the quality of the donor and recipient procedure, initial graft function, and perioperative anaesthesiological and intensive care management. The patient's preoperative condition can include gastrointestinal bleeding, acute renal failure, a requirement for cathecholamines or mechanical ventilation, and prolonged encephalopathy for the most detrimental risk factors for developing early postoperative complications. The necessity for prolonged mechanical ventilation or the requirement for reintubation after transplantation can significantly increase the risk of developing pneumonia, sepsis, and multiple organ dysfunction. A decrease in infectious and other complications can be achieved by early postoperative enteral nutition, including the application of probiotics. 相似文献
17.
Differential enhancement of collagen crosslink excretion in cases of osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma
Açil Y Springer I Behrens P Ullrich KP Hedderich J Bruns J 《Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology》2003,129(10):583-588
Hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP) are markers of collagen absorption and LP is specific for collagen type I in bone. In the present study we evaluated the concentration of HP and LP in urine of patients with osteosarcoma (n=20; age range 16–49 years) and chondrosarcoma (n=15; age range 18–70 years). The values were compared with those obtained from 74 healthy controls (age range 16–83 years). The range and upper limit of normal values (HPmax and LPmax) were measured in our control group. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine concentrations of HP and LP (nmol/mmol creatinine). The average urinary HP concentrations were significantly increased in patients with osteosarcoma (p=0.001) and chondrosarcoma (p<0.001), whereas HP remained within the normal range in approximately half of the patients. The average urinary LP concentrations were not increased in osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma patients as compared with the control group. Further studies in a large group of patients are necessary to evaluate whether HP might be a valuable marker of prognosis, and if its urinary concentration can be correlated to tumour burden. 相似文献
18.
Frank Leypoldt Mathias Gelderblom Daniel Schöttle Sascha Hoffmann Klaus-Peter Wandinger 《Journal of clinical neuroscience》2013,20(4):611-613
Encephalitis associated with antibodies against N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor is characterized by severe memory deficits, decreased consciousness, epileptic seizures and movement disorders and occurs most commonly in young women. Recovery is mostly good but little is known about the disease course in patients whose treatment has been delayed severely. We present a 16-year-old girl with a 36-month follow-up. A single course of methylprednisolone attenuated some symptoms but severe and incapacitating frontotemporal syndrome remained. Second-line treatment with rituximab was initiated 12 months after the onset of symptoms. A surprising recovery occurred 18 months after treatment and 30 months after onset. Recovery in NMDA receptor antibody-associated encephalitis can be severely delayed and does not have to be linear. Whether delayed therapy contributed to recovery in this patient cannot be answered with certainty. Spontaneous recovery independent of therapy is possible, as it has been observed previously as late as 3 years after onset. Although serum antibodies disappeared with recovery in this patient, previous cases have shown serum antibodies to be unreliable markers of disease activity. Second-line treatment, especially with substances as well tolerated as rituximab, should at least be considered in NMDA receptor encephalitis with persistent neuropsychiatric syndromes after first-line therapy. 相似文献
19.
Helmut Kirchmann Robert Mestel Karin Schreiber-Willnow Dankwart Mattke Klaus-Peter Seidler Elke Daudert 《Psychotherapy research》2013,23(2):234-248
Abstract Within a multisite study, including 289 inpatients from six different hospitals who underwent interpersonal-psychodynamic group psychotherapy, associations among attachment characteristics, therapeutic factors, and treatment outcome were investigated. Attachment characteristics were assessed with an interview-based measure (Adult Attachment Prototype Rating [AAPR]) as well as an attachment self-report (Bielefeld Questionnaire of Client Expectations [BQCE]). Therapeutic factors were measured retrospectively with the Düsseldorf Therapeutic Factors Questionnaire and treated as an individual- as well as a hospital-specific characteristic. On an individual level, only the group climate factor independently predicted treatment outcome (i.e., Symptom Checklist-90-R Global Severity Index and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems mean). If simultaneously but separately included into a path model, analyses revealed independent significant effects of AAPR-Security and BQCE-Security on group climate. If modeled as a latent variable (common attachment security), a substantially higher proportion of group climate variance could be explained. Further analyses revealed interactions between particular therapeutic factors and attachment characteristics, indicating a particular importance of these therapeutic factors for different attachment categories. 相似文献
20.
Biophotonics in the infrared spectral range reveal acupuncture meridian structure of the body 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Schlebusch KP Maric-Oehler W Popp FA 《Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)》2005,11(1):171-173
This study shows, for the first time, evidence of the existence of the acupuncture meridian structure in the human body. After moxibustion (or similar light stimulation) of the body in the 3-5 microm range, "light channels" appear on the body, which appear to be identical to what are known as meridians in all textbooks of Traditional Chinese Medicine. These findings appear not only to confirm the existence of acupuncture meridians, but they also open a new window on understanding the energy transfer dynamics of the human body. Furthermore, it is likely that living matter is not in the ground state, but permanently electronically excited. 相似文献