Childhood of males with the XYY syndrome

An investigation of the childhood of 20 adult males and 2 boys with the XYY syndrome, ranging in age from 6 to 58 years at the time of diagnosis, is presented and discussed. A comparison with controls, 42 male criminals with more or less similar behavioral characteristics, indicated that truancy, vagabondage, impulsiveness, and difficulties at school and in establishing contact with people were more frequent among patients with karyotype 47,XYY. Behavioral disorders, admission to psychiatric hospitals, criminality, and minor EEG aberrations were found more frequently among the XYY males. Measurements of stature and weight indicated that XYY boys are comparatively tall but have a normal weight. It is suggested that a combination of karyotype 47,XYY and infantile autism in one of the boys was probably coincidental. The case histories of 8 patients with records of psychiatric hospitalization in childhood or adolesence are presented in detail.     

Chromosomes in retinoblastoma patients

In a series of eight patients with retinoblastoma, one was found to have a reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 1 and 13. The breakpoint on chromosome 13 is at band q12, which suggests that the retinoblastoma locus is less distal than previously thought.     

Die Wirkung von Schwimm- und Lauftraining auf die celluläre Funktion und Struktur des Muskels

Zusammenfassung Nach mehrwöchigem intensiven Schwimm- bzw. Lauftraining nimmt in der Hinterbeinmuskulatur der Ratte die Oxydationskapazität für Pyruvat um das Doppelte zu. Parallel dazu sind die Cytochromgehalte und die Aktivitätsgehalte strukturgebundener mitochondrialer Enzyme (Glycerin-1-phosphat-Oxydase, Succinatdehydrogenase) im trainierten Muskel etwa doppelt so groß wie im untrainierten. Auch der Mitochondrienproteingehalt nimmt signifikant zu im Vergleich zu den Werten von untrainierten Kontrolltieren. In Übereinstimmung damit wird in Schnitten von trainierten Muskeln, die elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht wurden, eine deutliche Vermehrung von Zahl und Cristaegehalt der Mitochondrien beobachtet. Diese Befunde weisen darauf hin, daß der Aktivitätsanstieg der Atmungsenzyme auf eine de novo-Synthese von Enzymprotein zurückzuführen ist. Die Atmung von Mitochondrien, die aus trainierten Muskeln isoliert wurden, ist eng mit der Phosphorylierung gekoppelt. Aus der Zunahme der Atmungsaktivität resultiert somit für den trainierten Muskel eine vermehrte Kapazität zur Bildung von energiereichen Phosphaten. Im System des anaeroben Muskelstoffwechsels (Glykolyseenzyme und Glykolysemetabolite) lassen sich dagegen trainingsbedingte Veränderungen nicht nachweisen. Lediglich der Glykogengehalt nimmt nach 5 wöchigem Schwimmtraining um etwa 50% zu.

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Abkürzungen GP-OX (EC 1.1.2.1) Glycerin-1-phosphat-Oxydase - SDH (EC 1.3.99.1) Succinatdehydrogenase - F6PK (EC 2.7.1.11) Fructose-6-phosphat-Kinase - ALD (EC 4.1.2.7) Fructose-1,6-diphosphat-Aldolase - GAPDH (EC 1.2.1.12) Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat-Dehydrogenase - EN (EC 4.2.1.11) Enolase - PK (EC 2.7.1.40) Pyruvat-Kinase - LDH (EC 1.1.1.27) Lactatdehydrogenase - CPK (EC 2.7.3.2) Creatinphosphokinase - AMP Adenosinmonophosphat - ADP Adenosin-diphosphat - ATP Adenosin-triphosphat - G-1-P Glucose-1-phosphat - G-6-P Glucose-6-phosphat - F-6-P Fructose-6-phosphat - FDP Fructose-1,6-diphosphat - GP Glycerin-1-phosphat - DAP Dihydroxy-acetonphosphat - C Creatin - CP Creatin-phosphat     

A kidney perfusion method for metabolism studies with chickens using propachlor as a model

1. A procedure for directly perfusing chicken kidneys in situ with xenobiotics is described. 2. When propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide) or the glutathione, cysteine and mercapturic acid conjugates of propachlor were individually perfused through chicken kidneys, propachlor mercapturate was isolated from the urine and identified as an end product, indicating that all enzymes necessary for mercapturic acid formation were present in chicken kidney.     

Treatment of Gastroduodenal Ulcers with Cimetidine in Combination with Low-Dose Propantheline

ABSTRACT Fifty-eight adult outpatients with endo-scopically verified gastric, prepyloric or duodenal ulcers completed a double-blind trial of treatment with either Cimetidine, 1 g daily, plus propantheline, 45 mg daily (group A) or Cimetidine, 1 g daily, plus placebo (group B). After neither three nor six weeks of treatment was there any significant difference between the two groups with regard to ulcer healing or symptomatic relief. The ulcers of 22 (79%) of the 28 patients in group A and 25 (83%) of the 30 patients in group B were healed after six weeks, and 93 % of the patients in both groups became painfree. We were thus not able to show any advantage in combining Cimetidine treatment for ulcer healing with low-dose propantheline. In a small open trial the patients with healed ulcers received prophylactic treatment for 12 months with 1) Cimetidine 800 mg daily, 2) Cimetidine 400 mg at bedtime plus propantheline 45 mg daily or 3) propantheline 90 mg daily. No significant differences were found between the ulcer recurrence rates, but it cannot be excluded that a larger number of patients in each group might have yielded real differences.