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31.
Jeannette Wolfe Basmah Safdar Tracy E. Madsen Kinjal N. Sethuraman Bruce Becker Marna Rayl Greenberg Alyson J. McGregor 《Clinical therapeutics》2021,43(3):557-571.e1
This review describes the sex and gender differences in COVID-19 presentation, treatment, and outcomes. We discuss the differences between the sexes in susceptibility to infection, the role of sex chromosomes on the body's immunologic response and the influence of hormones on the body's response to the virus. Additionally, the sex differences in clinical and laboratory presentation, complications of infection and outcomes, as well as differences in response to treatment and prevention are reviewed. 相似文献
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33.
Bhairavi N. Vajaria Kinjal R. Patel Rasheedunnisa Begum Prabhudas S. Patel 《Pathology oncology research : POR》2016,22(3):443-447
Tumorigenesis and metastasis are frequently associated with altered structure and expression of oligosaccharides on cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. The expression of sialylated glycoconjugates has been shown to change during development, differentiation, disease and oncogenic transformation. Abnormal sialylation in cancer cell is a distinctive feature associated with malignant properties including invasiveness and metastatic potential. The alterations in sialylation is accompanied by changes in sialic acid, sialidase activity, sialyltransferase (ST) activity or sialoproteins. The present review summarizes the reports on alterations of sialic acid, linkage specific STs and sialoproteins, sialidase activity together with different subtypes of ST and sialidases mRNA expressions in various cancers like lung, breast, oral, cervical, ovarian, pancreatic etc. Sialic acids are widely distributed in nature as terminal sugars of oligosaccharides attached to proteins or lipids. The increase shedding of sialic acid observed in malignant tumors may be due to different types of sialidases. The amount of sialic acid is governed by levels of sialidases and STs. Various types of STs are also involved in formation of different types sialylated tumor associated carbohydrate antigens which plays important role in metastasis. The alterations associated with sialylation aids in early diagnosis, prognosis and post treatment monitoring in various cancers. Recently newer drugs targeting different interplays of sialylation have been developed, which might have profound effect in inhibiting sialylation and thus cancer metastasis and infiltration. 相似文献
34.
Kadakia Kunal C. Kidwell Kelley M. Barton Debra L. Schott Anne F. Hayes Daniel F. Griggs Jennifer J. Henry N. Lynn 《Breast cancer research and treatment》2019,175(1):181-189
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment - Extending adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) beyond 5 years has been shown to improve outcomes in breast cancer; however, limited data are available... 相似文献
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36.
Kinjal N. Sethuraman David Duong Supriya Mehta Tara Director Darcey Crawford Jill St. George Niels K. Rathlev 《The Journal of emergency medicine》2011
Background: Emergency medicine residents frequently perform invasive procedures, including tube thoracostomy (TT), that inherently place patients at risk for complications. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence and types of complications from TT in an academic emergency department (ED). Methods: A combined prospective and retrospective, observational study of all patients who had TT between December 2002 and January 2006 was performed. Exclusion criteria included age < 15 years and tube placement at an outside facility. Complications detected in the ED were defined as immediate, whereas those discovered later were defined as delayed. Complications requiring corrective surgical intervention, administration of blood products, or intravenous antibiotics were defined as major. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify operator and patient factors associated with complications. Results: TTs were placed in 242 patients, and 90 (37%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 31.1–43.3%) experienced a complication. Major complications included one intercostal artery laceration, one retroperitoneal placement, and empyema in 2 patients. In multivariate analysis, blunt injury excluding motor vehicle accidents (odds ratio [OR] 2.57; 95% CI 1.27–5.21) and spontaneous pneumothorax (OR 3.84; 95% CI 1.80–8.18) were associated with all complications. TT size < 36 French and blunt injury excluding motor vehicle accidents were associated with immediate complications and spontaneous pneumothorax was associated with delayed complications. Conclusions: The vast majority of complications from TT in the ED were minor. The prevalence of complications was consistent with previous reports of TTs placed by non-emergency-medicine-trained physicians outside the ED. The findings can be used to identify avoidable complications and improve residency training. 相似文献
37.
Gupta M Hacioglu Y Kadakia J Ahmadi N Gao Y Mao SS Budoff MJ 《The international journal of cardiovascular imaging》2011,27(7):1015-1023
In this study, we define the correlation between LV volumes (both LV end-diastolic volume [LVEDV] and LV end-systolic volume
[LVESV]) and ejection fraction (EF) on 64 slice multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). We also determine the accuracy
of all the LV volume (LVV) parameters to detect LV systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and investigate the feasibility of using LVV
as a surrogate of LVSD on prospectively gated imaging to prevent the radiation exposure of retrospective imaging. 568 patients
undergoing 64-detector MDCT were divided into 2 groups: Group 1—subjects without any heart disease and LVEF ≥ 50%; and Group
2—patients with coronary artery disease and LVEF < 50% (defined as LVSD). The LVV (LV cavity only) and Total LV volume (cavity + LV
mass) at end-systole and end-diastole (LVESV, Total LVESV, LVEDV and Total LVEDV) were measured. The upper limit values (mean + 2
SD) of all LVV parameters in Group 1 were used as the reference criterion to diagnose LVSD in Group 2. An exponential correlation
was found between LVEF and all the LVV parameters. The specificity to detect LVSD in Group 2 was >90% and the sensitivity
was 88.9, 83.3, 61.3 and 74.9% by using LVESV, Total LVESV, LVEDV and Total LVEDV, respectively. Systolic and diastolic LV
volumes had a high correlation with LVEF and a high accuracy to detect LVSD. Thus, on prospectively triggered imaging, ventricular
volumes can predict patients with reduced LVEF, and appropriate referrals can be made. 相似文献
38.
Guido Dalbagni Matthew Kaag Angel Cronin Kinjal Vora Bernard Bochner S. Machele Donat Harry W. Herr 《BJU international》2010,106(10):1502-1507
Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4
OBJECTIVES
To report the heterogeneity in the treatment of patients with cT1 urothelial carcinoma by different surgeons, and to report outcomes in patients with and without bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) treatment.PATIENTS AND METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed 396 patients who had undergone a re‐staging transurethral resection (TUR) for cT1 bladder cancer. We assessed both differences in the treatment by surgeon, and the association of early treatment with BCG with recurrence, progression and bladder cancer‐specific death.RESULTS
Muscle was captured in the re‐staging TUR specimen in a median of 76% of patients (range 50–94 when stratified by surgeon). On multivariable analysis there was significant heterogeneity among surgeons in the use of early cystectomy (P < 0.001), deferred cystectomy (P < 0.001), and BCG (P= 0.014). However, there was no significant heterogeneity between surgeons in clinical outcome for recurrence (P= 0.9) and overall survival (P= 0.3). Among 288 patients placed on surveillance, the 5‐year probability (95% confidence interval) of freedom from recurrence was 45 (36–54)% for those receiving and 54 (44–62)% for those not receiving early BCG. On multivariable analysis, early BCG was not significantly associated with recurrence (P= 0.14). The cumulative incidence of progression was ≈10% for both groups, and the cumulative incidence of bladder cancer‐specific death was ≈7% for both groups. The cumulative incidence of deferred cystectomy before progression was 14% for those receiving and 15% for those not receiving early BCG.CONCLUSIONS
There is a significant variability among surgeons in the management of patients with T1 disease. The similar outcome for the BCG‐treated and ‐untreated patients in our study is most likely confounded by patient selection. 相似文献39.
Mika P. Matikainen Christian J. Von Bodman Fernando P. Secin Luis Herran Yunis Kinjal Vora Bertrand Guillonneau Vincent Laudone James A. Eastham Peter T. Scardino Oguz Akin Farhang Rabbani 《BJU international》2010,106(5):622-626
Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of a deep and narrow pelvis on apical positive surgical margins (PSM) at radical prostatectomy (RP), controlling for other clinical and pathological variables and surgical approach, i.e. open retropubic (RRP) vs laparoscopic (LRP), as apical dissection is expected to be more challenging at RP with a prostate situated deep in a narrow pelvis.PATIENTS AND METHODS
From July 2003 to January 2005, 512 consecutive patients with preoperative prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) underwent RRP or LRP with no previous radio‐ or hormonal therapy. An additional 74 patients with preoperative MRI undergoing RP from December 2001 to June 2007 who had an apical PSM were also included, with 586 patients comprising the study population. Bony and soft‐tissue pelvic dimensions, including interspinous distance (ISD), bony (BFW) and soft tissue (SW) pelvic width, apical prostate depth (AD) and symphysis pubis angle, were measured on preoperative MRI. The pelvic dimension index (PDI), bony width index (BWI) and soft‐tissue width index (SWI) were defined as ISD/AD, BFW/AD and SW/AD, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the effect of pelvic dimensions on apical PSM, controlling for surgical approach and clinical and pathological variables.RESULTS
There was no significant difference in ISD, BFW, SW or symphysis angle between patients with and without apical PSM. The AD was significantly greater in men with an apical PSM and consequently PDI, BWI and SWI were significantly lower in men with an apical PSM. Each of PDI, AD, BWI and SWI was a significant independent predictor of apical PSM, independent of surgical approach, and other clinicopathological variables. The main limitations of the study were that it was retrospective, and the relatively few patients with apical PSM.CONCLUSIONS
Apical prostate depth is an independent risk factor for apical PSM at RP. MRI pelvimetry might allow for preoperative planning of the approach to RP. 相似文献40.
Kadakia KC Barton DL Loprinzi CL Sloan JA Otley CC Diekmann BB Novotny PJ Alberts SR Limburg PJ Pittelkow MR 《Cancer》2012,118(8):2128-2137