Genomic organization of the selectin family of leukocyte adhesion molecules on human and mouse chromosome 1

A structurally and functionally related group of genes, lymph node homing receptor (LHR), granule membrane protein 140 (GMP-140), and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) are shown to constitute a gene cluster on mouse and human chromosome 1. In situ hybridization mapped GMP-140 to human chromosome 1 bands 21-24 consistent with chromosomal localization of LHR. Gene linkage analysis in the mouse indicated that these genes and serum coagulation factor V (FV) all map to a region of distal mouse chromosome 1 that is syntenic with human chromosome 1, with no crossovers identified between these four genes in 428 meiotic events. Moreover, long range restriction site mapping demonstrated that these genes map to within 300 kb in both the human and mouse genomes. These data suggest that LHR, ELAM-1, and GMP-140 comprise an adhesion protein family, the selectins, that arose by multiple gene duplication events before divergence of mouse and human. Furthermore, the location of these genes on mouse and human chromosome 1 is consistent with a close evolutionary relationship to the complement receptor-related genes, which also are positioned on the same chromosomes in both species and with which these genes share a region of sequence homology. These data characterize the organization of a genomic region that may be critical for intercellular communication within the immune system.     

Clinical and radiological outcome of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with a semitendinosus autograft for patella instability

Background: Recurrent patellar instability is a common problem after dislocation. The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) contributes 40–80% of the total medial restraining forces. This study assessed the clinical and radiological outcome after a follow-up of 4 years after linear MPFL reconstruction using an ipsilateral Semitendinosus tendon autograft. Study design and methods: 15 knees in 12 patients were examined with a mean of 47 months after linear reconstruction of the MPFL at a mean age of 30 years. 3 knees underwent previous surgery. 3 patients had mild trochlear dysplasia grade I or II, according to the classification of Dejour. If preoperative tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance (TTTG) was more than 15 mm, patients underwent additional medialisation of the tibial tuberosity (n=8) creating a similar postoperative situation for all patients. All patients were available for a postoperative evaluation, which consisted of a subjective questionnaire, the Kujala score, and the recording of potential patellar redislocation and apprehension. Patellar height and tilt was measured on plain radiographs. Postoperative CT scans were performed in patients with an additional tibial tuberosity-transfer. Results: Postoperatively, one patient reported on recurrent bilateral redislocation. Physical examination however revealed no findings. Three knees presented with persistent patellar apprehension. Thirteen knees had improved subjectively after surgery. The mean Kujala score improved significantly from 55.0 to 85.7 points. The patellar tilt decreased significantly from 11.3° to 9.2°. Four knees had patella alta preoperatively, but only two at the latest follow-up visit. Previous surgery or additional trochlear dysplasia had no influence on the clinical outcome. Conclusion: MPFL reconstruction improves clinical symptoms, reduces the patellar tilt substantially, and may correct patella alta. Additional mild trochlear dysplasia did not compromise the outcome; however, this fact needs further attention in a larger study group.     

Oocyte retrieval in an in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer program: comparison of four methods

The records of 191 patients involved in 316 treatment cycles over 3 years in an in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer program were reviewed. Follicular aspiration, oocyte retrieval, pregnancy rates, technical difficulty, and complications were compared in four oocyte retrieval methods: 117 laparoscopic retrievals, 116 ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous transvesical retrievals, 43 US-guided transvaginal retrievals, and 40 combined US and laparoscopic retrievals. The mean number of aspirated follicles (9.14) was greatest in the transvaginal retrieval group, but the ratio of oocytes to punctured follicles was not statistically greater in any of the groups. The overall clinical pregnancy rate per cycle was highest in the transvaginal retrieval group: 12 of 43 cycles resulted in pregnancy, or 27.9%. The number of delivered babies (16.3%) was also highest in the transvaginal retrieval group. US-guided transvaginal oocyte retrieval is recommended as the method of choice.     

盐酸纳曲酮及其葡萄糖醛酸结合物在犬体内的药代动力学

用高效液相色谱-电化学检测法测定了盐酸纳曲酮(NTX)在犬体内的药代动力学。犬iv和poNTX的血浆药。时曲线分别符合二室模型和一级吸收一室模型,消除半衰期分别为78±6min和74±6min。犬po　NTX吸收较快,但血中原形药物浓度较低,绝对生物利用度为15.8%。NTX经iv和po两种途径给药后血浆中的主要代谢产物为NTX的葡萄糖醛酸苷,其血浆浓度分别为NTX的1.3和23倍,未端相消除半衰期分别为3.4h和12.6h。     

SLE nephritis is associated with an oligoclonal expansion of intrarenal T cells

Autoimmune systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) nephritis is characterized by the influx of mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrates within the glomeruli and renal interstitium. To evaluate the possibility that intrarenal T cells result from the expansion of lymphocytes using limited T-cell receptor (TCR) genes, we analyzed the TCR Vbeta gene expression among infiltrating lymphocytes in renal tissue compared with simultaneous peripheral blood lymphocytes of four children with new-onset SLE nephritis. The TCR Vbeta gene expression in peripheral blood T cells from patients with SLE nephritis, when compared with normal controls, showed no preferential expansion or deletion of select Vbeta gene families. In contrast, when paired peripheral blood and renal tissue were analyzed, intrarenal lymphocytes in SLE nephritis demonstrated evidence of expansion of select Vbeta gene families. Sequence analysis of the V(D)J joining regions of the TCRbeta with the expanded families demonstrated a striking oligoclonality. These observations suggest that infiltrating T cells within renal tissue may use TCR Vbeta genes targeted toward nephritogenic antigens.     

大鼠脊髓损伤动物模型的建立

目的:建立一个稳定、损伤程度适中的脊髓损伤大鼠模型的技术及方法学特征。方法:实验于2004-09/2005-01在承德医学院临床技能实验室完成。选取30只Wistar大鼠,体质量230～260g,纵行切开大鼠背部皮肤及皮下组织,剥离棘突旁肌肉,切除T7棘突及椎板,暴露脊髓硬膜。根据打击物(重10g)调节高度的不同将30只大鼠分为3mm高度组、5mm高度组、8mm高度组,每组10只。高度使重物自然下落,打击T7段脊髓,迅速移开打击重物及打击头,逐层缝合伤口,喂养8周后行病理学检查。选取通过脊髓最大径的切片在低倍镜下进行显微摄影,照片上侧量并计算空洞或瘢痕的最大直径与同水平脊髓直径的比例。结果:纳入大鼠30只,死亡5只,存活率83.3%;其中3mm高度组死亡1只,5mm高度组死亡1只,8mm高度组死亡3只。3mm高度组3例标本镜下可见损伤段脊髓中有不规则的空腔,6例标本于脊髓内形成不规则瘢痕,损伤部位瘢痕最大直径与同水平脊髓直径比例为(10.0±5.2)%;5mm高度组9例镜下均可见损伤段脊髓中有一个长圆形或不规则的空腔,损伤部位瘢痕最大直径与同水平脊髓直径比例为(46.0±3.8)%;8mm高度组存活的7例镜下均可见损伤段脊髓全部中断,形成瘢痕与硬膜外组织分界不清。结论:5mm高度组存活的大鼠的脊髓均产生位于脊髓中央部或近中央部的空洞,损伤的位置和程度较恒定,是较为理想的损伤模型。     

抑瘤素表达产物诱导大鼠肝干细胞WB-F344体外分化

目的:抑瘤素是一种肝细胞促分化因子,能够诱导胚胎肝细胞分化为具有各种代谢功能的成熟肝脏。构建以抑瘤素为主的肝干细胞体外诱导微环境,观察其诱导大鼠肝脏来源的干细胞WB-F344体外分化。方法:实验于2002-10/2004-07在解放军军事医学科学院放射与辐射医学研究所完成。①实验材料:表达抑瘤素的CHO-OSM-EGFP细胞株由李晓利等构建。WB-F344细胞由姚鹏博士惠赠。②实验方法:将终浓度为20%稳定表达抑瘤素的中国仓鼠卵巢细胞上清中加入浓度为1U/mL胰岛素、1×10-7mol/L地塞米松,与WB-F344细胞共培养。空白对照组中未加入诱导分化成分CHO-OSM-EGFP细胞上清、胰岛素、地塞米松。③实验评估:采用流式细胞术分析细胞周期和细胞凋亡,光学显微镜观察细胞形态,RT-PCR分析白蛋白及甲胎蛋白基因表达。结果:①诱导后的WB-F344细胞较空白对照组G2/M S期细胞所占比例明显减低,增殖指数下降约2.8倍,G0/G1细胞所占比例明显增加。②实验组WB-F344细胞形态发生明显改变,由最初的多角形变为长梭性,细胞伸出小管状伪足,核质比例下调,形态趋于成熟大鼠肝脏实质细胞。③RT-PCR结果显示,诱导后WB-F344细胞表达白蛋白,不表达甲胎蛋白。诱导前WB-F344细胞表达甲胎蛋白,不表达白蛋白。结论:在以抑瘤素为主的诱导微环境中,WB-F344细胞表现出生长抑制,形态及功能趋于成熟的大鼠肝细胞     

Development of a batch-processed, passive latex agglutination test for cytomegalovirus

BACKGROUND: The passive latex agglutination test is commonly used for the identification of cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM antibodies. This test is used because of its sensitivity, specificity, speed, and ease of performance, but it is unsuitable for large numbers of samples or for batch processing. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To solve this problem, comparative studies to assess the cytomegalovirus passive latex agglutination test on microtiter plates were done with a new photometric particle agglutination method (PPAM) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a control. RESULTS: A total of 3430 sera were tested using both the PPAM and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A high degree (97.6%) of correspondence between the results of the tests was observed. The new PPAM was easier and faster to use (96 wells in 25 min). CONCLUSION: These results, as well as the possibility of adapting this method to a fully automated system, suggest that the PPAM could be an important contribution to the field of infection serology.