Activity, adiposity and weight change in Jamaican adults

OBJECTIVE: Populations in developing countries are particularly vulnerable to the development of obesity in the period of rapid transition to a more modernized lifestyle. We sought to determine the relationship between activity energy expenditure (AEE), adiposity and weight change in an adult population undergoing rapid socio-economic transition. METHODS: Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) was measured using the doubly labelled water method, resting energy expenditure (REE) using indirect calorimetry and AEE calculated as the difference between TDEE and REE, in adults from a working class community in Spanish Town, Jamaica. During six years of follow-up, weight was measured between one and four times. Mixed effects regression modelling was used to test for association between components of the energy budget and weight change. RESULTS: Men (n = 17) weighed more but women (n = 18), had significantly more body fat, 38.5% vs 24.5%, respectively (p < 0.01). Men had higher levels of EE, particularly AEE after adjustment for body weight, 66.3 versus 46.4 kJ/kg.d for men and women, respectively (p < 0.001). At baseline, adjusted AEE was inversely associated with body fat in men and women, r = -0.46 and r = -0.48, respectively (p < 0.05). Mean rate of weight change was + 1.1 and + 1.2 kg/year for men and women, respectively. No component of EE, ie TDEE, REE or AEE, significantly predicted weight change in this small sample. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest an important role for AEE in maintaining low levels of adiposity. The lack of association between EE and weight change, however, suggests populations in transition are at risk of obesity from environmental factors (eg dietary) other than simply declining physical activity levels.     

急性胰腺炎血流动力学变化及多巴胺治疗

作者观察了胰管内注射胰蛋白酶和胆汁所致犬急性胰腺炎(AP)时血流动力学变化及多巴胺对 AP 的治疗作用。治疗组在制 AP 模型后10min 开始静脉持续3h 滴注多巴胺,持续3h,每小时0.6mg/kg。AP 组的胰腺血流量(PBF)在制 AP 后迅速下降,全身血流动力学也发生了明显改变。多巴胺治疗可增加 PBF,改善全身血流动力学,降低 AP 犬的死亡率和减轻胰腺炎程度。提示多巴胺可通过改善 AP 早期的胰血供,有效地阻止水肿性胰腺炎向出血坏死性胰腺炎发展。     

壶腹周围憩室和胆道结石的关系探讨

目的 探讨壶腹周围憩室（PAD）与胆道结石的关系以及内镜诊断PAD的应用价值。方法选择284例经内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）检查确诊合并有PAD的患者（PAD组）与同期经ERCP检查无PAD的患者（对照组）作为对照研究。胆道疾病根据病史、体征、给合实验室检查上超、CT以及ERCP等确诊。结果PAD组合并胆囊结石、胆总管结石、胆总管下端括约肌功能不良患者明显多于对照组,尤以胆总管结石增多为主（P<0.01）。结论PAD与胆道结石有着密切关系,PAD可能是胆道结石发生或复发的一个重要因素。     

DDX家族与肿瘤的相关性研究进展

DEAD-box家族是一类以D(Asp)-E(Glu)-A(Ala)-D(Asp)为保守序列的RNA解旋酶家族,参与需要RNA调节的所有细胞过程.研究表明,DDX家族很多成员在肿瘤组织中表达失调,并且参与肿瘤的发生、发展,在肿瘤细胞的增殖、凋亡、细胞周期、侵袭、转移以及代谢等方面发挥关键作用,可以作为肿瘤的诊断、恶性程度的评价、临床预后的预测等新的分子标志物,也为肿瘤的治疗提供了新的潜在分子靶标.本文就DDX家族的结构、功能、以及与肿瘤的关系作一综述.     

肝尾状叶原发性肝细胞肝癌的外科治疗

目的 探讨尾状叶原发性肝癌手术切除的方式及其影响。方法 自1995年至2003年,对39例尾状叶原发性肝癌进行了手术切除,其中单独尾状叶切除19例,联合切除20例。并对两组病例中可能影响术后肝功能的指标进行了比较。结果 39例患者均被成功切除肿瘤,1例于术后30d因肾功能衰竭死亡,3例并发胸腔积液,4例并发腹水,1例并发胆漏,其余病例均顺利恢复。术后30例获得随访,1年、3年、5年生存率分别为53％、50％、39％。结论 尾状叶切除是治疗原发于尾状叶肝癌的有效手段,若肿瘤原发于肝尾状叶而又无其他肝叶侵犯时,单独尾状叶切除该是外科治疗的最佳选择。     

异位胰腺误诊为胃肠间质瘤的临床分析

目的提高对异位胰腺与胃肠问质瘤的鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2013年6月于上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院收治的14例术前诊断为胃肠间质瘤而术后病理证实为异位胰腺组织患者的临床资料及随访资料。结果本组病例男9例,女5例,年龄26,69岁。其中8例有上腹隐痛不适症状,2例为肠梗阻表现,4例为体检偶然发现。12例术前影像学检查及内镜检查均提示胃肠间质瘤。所有患者均行手术治疗,其中11例病变发生于胃,l例发生于十二指肠,2例发生于空肠;术后病理证实均为异位胰腺,其中10例以胰腺腺泡和胰腺导管混合存在为主要成分,同时含有平滑肌组织以及少量胃黏膜组织;3例以胰腺腺泡为主;1例以胰腺导管及平滑肌为主。随访时间为（26．5±5．1）月,均无复发和死亡者。结论异位胰腺缺乏特征性的临床表现和有效的术前辅助检查手段,易与胃肠间质瘤混淆。手术切除是治愈异位胰腺的唯一有效手段,而术后病理是鉴别两种疾病最可靠的诊断方法。     

Oral uracil‐tegafur plus leucovorin vs fluorouracil bolus plus leucovorin for advanced colorectal cancer: a meta‐analysis of five randomized controlled trials

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate systematically the efficacy and safety of oral uracil‐tegafur (UFT) plus leucovorin (LV) compared with infusional fluorouracil (5‐FU) plus LV for advanced colorectal cancer. Method Eligible studies were identified from Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library. The end‐points included overall survival and overall tumour response rate, and toxicity including leucopenia, febrile neutropenia, stomatitis/mucositis and diarrhoea. Results Five randomized controlled trials were identified. Pooled data demonstrated no difference in overall survival between the oral UFT plus LV regimen and the 5‐FU bolus plus LV regimen [hazard ratio 1.013; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.911–1.127].The fixed‐effect pooled estimate for overall tumour response rate showed no significant difference between the two regimens (relative risk 0.893; 0.672–1.187). Grade 3–4 leucopenia [odds ratio (OR) 0.126; 955 CI 0.048–0.326], grade 1–4 leucopenia (OR 0.089; 95% CI 0.067–0.119) and grade1–4 febrile neutropenia (OR 0.020; 95% CI 0.004–0.102) were significantly less prominent in the oral UFT regimens. For nonhaematological toxicities, grade 3–4 stomatitis/mucositis (OR 0.075; 95% CI 0.039–0.146), grade 3–4 infection (OR 0.484; 95% CI 0.310–0.758), grade 1–4 infection (OR 0.672; 95% CI 0.547–0.826, P < 0.001), grade 1–4 diarrhoea (OR 0.743; 95% CI 0.626–0.881) were also less likely to happen in patients in the oral UFT plus LV regimen, while there was no significant difference between the two treatment regimens with respect to grade 1–4 stomatitis/mucositis (OR 0.278; 95% CI 0.053–1.456) and grade 3–4 (OR 1.174; 95% CI 0.983–1.403) diarrhoea. Conclusion Oral UFT or 5‐FU bolus combined with LV results in similar overall survival and tumour response rates for advanced colorectal cancer. The former treatment regimen is greatly superior in terms of toxicity, especially haematological toxicity.     

全麻术后患者应用泻黄散加味行口腔护理研究

目的研制全麻术后患者优效口腔护理含漱液,提高口腔护理效果。方法将105例全麻术后脾胃伏火证患者随机分为三组各35例,均于术后开始口腔护理及用生理盐水进行预处理;之后生理盐水组用生理盐水含漱清洗及喷雾;银尔通组用银尔通含漱清洗及喷雾;泻黄散加味组制备泻黄散加味含漱液并用于含漱清洗及喷雾。2次/d,连续3d后评价效果。结果泻黄散加味组口臭发生率及菌落计数显著低于和少于生理盐水组,pH值显著高于另两组(P0.0125,P0.05);咽部不适防治效果及口腔黏膜炎发生率三组比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论泻黄散加味佩兰及薄荷,用于全麻术后患者口腔护理,可有效维持口腔正常pH值,有良好的抑菌效果,从而降低口臭发生率;预处理、含漱清洗及口腔喷雾干预模式有利于保持口腔持续湿润状态,缓解不适感。     

腹腔镜肝切除手术技巧

目的探讨腹腔镜复杂肝切除手术技巧并评价其临床疗效。方法本研究利用腹腔镜下易于建立隧道的特点,通过在肝实质内重要管道附近建立隧道,快速安全地离断肝实质,从而提高手术安全性,回顾性分析自2014年9月至2016年6月在华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院肝胆外科实施52例腹腔镜规则性肝切除病人的临床资料,分析平均手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间和并发症发生率等指标。结果所有病人均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹及围手术期死亡,右半肝切除平均手术时间为(220±45)min,术中出血量为(210±92)ml;肝段切除手术时间为(100±35)min,术中出血量为(300±130)ml;术后平均住院时间为(11±2)d,1例病人术后发生胆漏,并发症发生率为1.9%。结论通过在肝实质内重要管道附近建立隧道可以安全快速地完成腹腔镜下复杂肝切除术,降低术中出血风险,是一种简便易行且安全可行的手术方式,值得临床推广。