Cystic Dysplasia of the Testis: A Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature

We describe the clinical and pathologic findings in three cases of cystic dysplasia of the testis and compare our findings to others in the English literature. The condition is characterized by dilatation of the rete testis with or without similarly affected adjacent structures. It is important to recognize this lesion for two reasons. First, it is associated with a high frequency of ipsilateral renal anomalies. Second, it is important to consider this condition in the differential diagnosis of cystic testicular mass in a neonate or a child. The management of this condition is quite different from the management of other testicular masses such as a hydrocele, testicular germ cell tumor, or infiltrative disorder (e.g., lymphoma, inflammation, torsion, or hematoma). Testicular cystic dysplasia is benign and the lesion can be removed surgically, leaving the rest of the testis intact. A discussion of the lesion's possible pathogenesis is also presented.     

Isolated congenital tuberculosis otitis in a preterm infant

We report an unusual case of localized congenital tuberculosis otitis in a preterm infant. Unlike disseminated congenital cases, the manifestations of localized otitis are associated with a triad of signs: (i) regional lymphadenopathy in the absence of typical systemic features of tuberculosis; (ii) delayed onset of presentation; and (iii) refractory otitis unresponsive to conventional antimicrobial agents. The need for greater diligence in looking for neonatal tuberculosis is emphasized, especially in an ethnic or socioeconomic environment where the disease is prevalent. Congenital tuberculosis, otitis, preterm
PC Ng, Department of Paediatrics, Level 6, Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong     

肿瘤抑制基因p53在卵巢移行细胞癌中的过度表达

采用单克隆本免疫组化技术，对３２例卵巢称行细胞癌组织进行肿瘤抑制基因Ｐ５３表达的检测，分析Ｐ５３过度表达与卵巢移行细胞癌预后诸因素间的相关性。结果：卵巢移行细胞癌Ｐ５３表达率为４１％。     

Website discussion forums: results of an Australian project to promote telecommunication in dermatology

Discussion forums on the Internet allow doctors to discuss issues of interest in a rapid, convenient and educational manner. In March 2002, the department of dermatology at the St George Hospital in Sydney launched a national Website with an online discussion forum for dermatologists. Features of the Website forum include the ability to moderate the discussion boards, a choice of public or private discussions and receipt of automatic email notifications. Over three months, three dermatologists posted a total of 13 messages on three different topics. The low rate of participation by dermatologists may have been due to lack of time or familiarity with the technology. Increased promotion to and education of dermatologists who are most likely to use the discussion forum may improve utilization of this means of communication.     

Epidemiology and pathogenesis of scleroderma

Scleroderma is a heterogenous connective tissue disorder characterized by fibrosis of the skin, with or without internal organ involvement. The aetiology of scleroderma may involve both environmental and genetic factors. Abnormalities involving the immune system, vascular tissue and extracellular matrix have been demonstrated. Recent research has focused on microchimerism as a risk factor for the development of scleroderma. This article reviews the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this disorder.     

基层健康教育机构网站的建设思路

随着近年来互联网的逐步普及，网络成为了一种重要的信息传播媒介。基层健康教育专业机构，必须高度重视网络这种新兴的健康传播方式，加快健康教育网站的建设步伐。现就广东省汕头市健康教育研究所网站的建设情况，探讨基层健康教育专业机构网站的建设思路。     

新旧城区居民健康教育需求调查

目的了解汕头市新旧城区居民健康教育的不同需求，以制定相应的健康教育策略。方法采用整群随机抽样方法，对新城区732名居民和旧城区512名居民采用自填式问卷的方法调查新旧城区居民的健康教育需求。结果与生活行为习惯密切相关的慢性病均是新旧城区居民主要疾病，但新旧城区居民的疾病卫生知识掌握程度及期望的健康教育传播方式有差异。结论城市化进程中，在加快旧城区改造步伐的同时，健康教育工作要向旧城区适当倾斜，并根据新旧城区居民的不同特点选择居民易接受的健康教育传播方式。     

异丙肾上腺素对人胃癌细胞株凋亡的影响

目的研究异丙肾上腺素(ISO)对人胃癌细胞株(NKM45细胞)凋亡的影响。方法把NKM45细胞置含不同浓度(15,30,60μmol/L)ISO的培养液中培养24h。用TUNEL试验检测凋亡率。用免疫组化技术检测Bcl2和P53基因的表达。结果ISO显著地增加NKM45细胞的凋亡率(P<0.01),并随ISO浓度的增高而增高。Bcl2和P53的表达随ISO浓度的降低而降低(P<0.01)。NKM45细胞凋亡率与Bcl2和P53的表达密切相关(r=-0.93,P<0.01和r=-0.99,P<0.01)。结论ISO可促进NKM45细胞凋亡。NKM45细胞凋亡与Bcl2和P53表达减少相关。     

老年高血压患者脉压与肱动脉内皮功能变化的相关性研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者脉压与肱动脉内皮功能变化的相关性。方法对160例原发性高血压患者按脉压分成4组,在静息、反应性充血时和舌下含服硝酸甘油后应用B超分别检测其肱动脉舒张期内径,比较各脉压组在不同状态下其肱动脉舒张期内径的变化情况。结果高血压患者随脉压增大,肱动脉扩张系数(DC)、横断面顺应性(CSC)逐渐减小,而硬度指数(β)逐渐增大;血流介导的血管扩张(FMD)在4组之间差异均有显著性(P<0.01),脉压与FMD呈显著性负相关(r=-0.878,P<0.01)。结论高血压患者脉压与肱动脉内皮功能密切相关,可作为评估、预测高血压患者动脉内皮功能的指标。     

Chronic radiographic lung changes in children with vertically transmitted HIV-1 infection

OBJECTIVE: We prospectively studied children with and without maternally transmitted HIV-1 infection born to mothers infected with HIV-1 to determine the incidence of chronic radiographic lung changes (CRC) and to correlate these changes with clinical assessments. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between 1990 and 1997, we scored 3050 chest radiographs using a standardized form. Group I children (n = 201) were HIV-1-infected at enrollment. Group II children (n = 512) were enrolled prenatally or before 28 days postpartum and subsequently subdivided into group IIa (n = 86), children identified as HIV-1-infected; and group IIb (n = 426), those who were HIV-1-uninfected. CRC were defined as parenchymal consolidations or nodular disease lasting 3 months or more or increased bronchovascular markings or reticular densities lasting 6 months or more. Morbidity was assessed by CD4 counts, viral load, the presence of low oxygen saturation, wheezing, tachypnea, crackles, and clubbing. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of chronic radiographic lung changes in HIV-1-infected children was 32.8% by 4 years old, with increased bronchovascular markings or reticular densities being most common. Chronic changes were associated with lower CD4 cell counts and higher viral loads. Resolution of these chronic changes was associated with decreasing CD4 cell counts but not with lower rates of clinical findings, viral load, or difference in survival. CONCLUSION: With increased survival, CRC are becoming more common. The resolution of these changes may indicate immunologic deterioration rather than clinical improvement.