慢性阻塞性肺疾病与焦虑抑郁的关系

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)具有病程迁延、缓慢进展、反复发作、逐渐加重的临床特征,患者因严重通气功能障碍常出现活动后气促、呼吸困难.     

Effect of IL-6 C-572G polymorphism on idiopathic membranous nephropathy risk in a Han Chinese population

Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is viewed as an immune-mediated glomerular disease, with immunologic expression occurring in genetically susceptible persons. The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene polymorphism is known to impair intracellular signaling pathways following adaptive immune response. Our study gauged the effects of IL-6 C-572G (rs1800796) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on MGN among Taiwan's Han Chinese population, as analyzed in 265 controls and 106 MGN patients. Genotyping for IL-6 C-572G SNP was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Data showed stark differences in genotype and allele frequency distributions at IL-6 C-572G SNP between MGN patients and controls (p = 1.6E-04 and 1.7E-04, respectively). People with C allele or with CC genotype at IL-6 C-572G SNP showed higher risk of MGN (odds ratio = 2.42 and 2.71, respectively; 95% confidence interval = 1.51-3.87 and 1.60-4.60, respectively). These point to IL-6 C-572G polymorphism as the underlying cause of MGN; polymorphism merits further investigation.     

Ⅰ、Ⅱ级肝门区域阻断肝叶(段)切除的初步体会

目的 总结区域阻断肝叶、肝段的入肝血管分支,施行各种类型肝切除的经验.方法 回顾性分析2006年～2007年间湖南省人民医院肝胆科行肝门区域血管阻断肝部分切除的319例临床资料.左肝外叶切除127例,左半肝切除(含Ⅰ段切除)89例,右肝前叶切除15例,右肝后叶切除34例,右半肝切除(含Ⅸ段切除)32例,肝血管瘤剥除/肝局部切除19例,肝囊肿剥除/肝局部切除3例.结果 全组无手术死亡,失血量平均(70±15)mL,术后5～7 d复查肝功能无明显损害,未出现肝坏死、胆漏、出血等并发症.结论 区域血管阻断肝叶(段)切除避免了保留肝叶的缺血再灌注损伤,使手术从容不迫的进行,减少了大量失血及肝功能衰竭的发生,是一种安全、有效的切肝手术方法.     

Oxidation Behavior Characterization of Zircaloy-4 Cladding with Different Hydrogen Concentrations at 500–800 °C in an Ambient Atmosphere

This study simulated the after-burned zirconium cladding oxidation in air at temperatures between 500 and 800 °C. The weight changes of Zircaloy-4 cladding with hydrogen contents of 100–1000 ppm continuously measured through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) during oxidation tests at different temperatures in an air atmosphere. The TGA results indicate a transition of oxidation kinetics from a parabolic rate law to a linear rate law for as-received and hydrided Zircaloy-4 cladding. The hydrogen concentration of Zircaloy-4 had a marked effect on its pre-transition oxidation in air between 500 and 800 °C. For all samples, the linear oxidation (post transition stage) at 650 °C, which is the critical oxidation temperature, displays a similar trend. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron micros-copy examinations indicated the presence of a few and numerous discontinuous micro-cracks in the oxide layer in the pre-transition and post-transition stages, respectively.     

精氨酸、尼莫地平和细胞生长肽对环孢霉素A诱导肝细胞凋亡的影响

目的：D精氨酸、经莫地平和细胞生长肽（bFGF)对环孢霉素A（CsA）血和药物浓度的影响以及对CsA诱导的肝细胞凋亡的影响。,方法：将100只大鼠分为5组进行实验：N组,政党对照组：A组,CsA;B组,CsA＋氨氨酸;C组,CsA＋尼莫地平;D组,CsA＋bFGF,每组20只,每天腹腔注射给药。连续3周后取血及肝组织测定CsA浓度,分离血清测定CsA和ALT水平,用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导dUTP缺口末端标记法（TUNEL）测定肝的凋亡细胞数量并作病理学观察,结果：CsA在血中的浓度B组明显高于A、C、D三组（P＜0．05）,C组和D组则低于A组（P＜0．05）,CsA在肝组织的浓度A、C、D三组间无差异（P＞0．05）;A、B、C、D四组的肝细胞凋亡指数高于正常对照组（P＜0．01）,A组凋亡指数比B、C、D三 高,B组比组低,C组和D组间判别无显著意义（P＞0．05）。血清ALT水平是A组明显高于其余4组（P＜0．01）,而其余4组间无差异（P＞0．05）。结论：CsA可诱导肝细胞凋亡并使肝功能降低,而精氨酸,尼莫地平和细胞生长肽使凋亡减少;精氨酸明显提高血中CsA的浓度,而尼莫地平和细胞生长肽降低CsA血中浓度。     

1962名男性新兵人格诊断问卷(PDQ-4~+)结果分析

目的了解部队新兵人格倾向特征。方法采用人格诊断问卷(PDQ-4+)对某部队1 962名男性新兵进行抽样调查,并与大学生样本进行比较。结果 (1)除表演型、反社会型分量表外,新兵其他各分量表及总量表得分均显著低于大学生(P<0.05);新兵人格倾向亚型的阳性检出率在7.25%~36.07%。(2)低年龄组新兵在偏执型、分裂型、自恋型、边缘型、反社会型、依赖型分量表及总量表的得分均高于高年龄组新兵(P<0.05);父母关系和睦的新兵各个人格倾向亚型(除强迫型外)得分均显著低于父母关系不和睦新兵的得分(P<0.05);农村与城市新兵的偏执型、分裂型、表演型、自恋型、边缘型、反社会型和被动攻击型分量表得分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且城市新兵人格障碍得分更高(P<0.05);除分裂样型、自恋型、强迫型分量表外,独生子女新兵其他分量表及总量得分均高于非独生子女新兵(P<0.05)。结论新兵的人格倾向问题好于大学生样本,低龄、父母关系不和睦、居住在城市和独生子女新兵有更多的人格倾向问题。     

Alosetron versus traditional pharmacotherapy in clinical practice: effects on resource use,health-related quality of life,safety and symptom improvement in women with severe diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Objective: Severe diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is associated with decreased health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and increased health care costs. Treatment recommendations for IBS-D often start with traditional pharmacotherapy (TP), with escalation to alosetron, rifaximin or eluxadoline if there is no success. There has been no previous head-to-head clinical trial comparing IBS-D treatment outcome for alosetron versus TP. This study, GSK protocol S3B30020, evaluated resource use, work productivity, health-related quality of life and global symptom response in women with IBS-D who were treated with alosetron or TP.

Methods: A total of 1956 patients who met criteria for severe IBS-D were randomized to treatment with alosetron 1?mg twice daily (BID) or only TP for up to 24 weeks. Work productivity and resource use were evaluated by standard questionnaires, HRQOL by the IBSQOL instrument and IBS symptoms by the Global Improvement Scale (GIS).

Results: Compared to only TP, alosetron-treated patients reported: (1) fewer clinic/office visits for any health problem (p?=?.0181) or for IBS-D (p?=?.0004); (2) reduced use of over-the-counter medications for IBS-D (p < .0001); (3) fewer days of lost work productivity (p < .0001); (4) decreased restriction of social and outdoor activities (p < .0001); and (5) greater global improvement in IBS-D symptoms (p < .0001). Alosetron treatment improved HRQOL scores for all domains (p < .0001). Incidence of adverse events during alosetron use was not remarkable and was similar to that previously reported.

Conclusions: Alosetron 1?mg BID significantly reduced health care utilization and lost productivity, and significantly improved global IBS symptoms, HRQOL, and participation in outdoor and social activities compared with treatment response to TP.     

Reappraisal of the characteristics of glucose abnormalities in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection

OBJECTIVES: There is growing evidence suggesting the mutual link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the impact of HCV infection on the suite of glucose abnormalities has rarely been investigated. The study aimed to determine the difference regarding the prevalence and the characteristics of glucose abnormalities between chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients and community-based controls. It also aimed to investigate the related clinical, virological, and histological features of glucose abnormalities in HCV infection.
METHODS: Six hundred eighty-three CHC patients and 515 sex-/age-matched controls were included. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in 522 CHC patients and 447 controls without known T2DM. Clinical data were assessed upon the different stages of glucose abnormalities based on OGTT results.
RESULTS: The prevalence of normoglycemia, IGT, and T2DM in 683 CHC patients was 27.7%, 34.6%, and 37.8%, respectively. There was a significant linear trend from normoglycemia to T2DM in terms of age, family history of T2DM, and advanced liver fibrosis in CHC patients. For those CHC patients without fibrosis, the prevalence of glucose abnormalities reached 67.9% high. All CHC patients carried a significantly higher prevalence than controls regarding those aged <65 yr. For those without known DM, there was a 3.5-fold increase in the prevalence of glucose abnormalities in CHC (65.8%) patients in comparison with controls (35.3%) (OR 3.51, 95% CI 2.70–4.56, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: CHC patients carried a high prevalence of glucose abnormalities. Determination of glucose abnormalities by OGTT may be suggested.     

关节镜下内减压术治疗膝关节半月板囊肿的应用

目的：分析探讨关节镜下减压术治疗膝关节半月板囊肿的临床效果。方法选取该院2012年12月—2013年12月收治的膝关节半月板囊肿患者72例,采用膝关节镜下内减压术及半月板部分或全部切除或缝合治疗,术后指导患者进行膝关节功能锻炼。对所有患者进行随访,术前术后均进行膝关节Lysholm 功能评分,对比观察疗效。结果术前Lysholm 功能评分为（58.6±9.2）分,明显高于术后评分（93.3±4.6）分,术前术后评分对比t=18.167,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论关节镜下减压术及切除或缝合半月板治疗膝关节半月板囊肿具有非常好的疗效,创伤较小,术后患者的膝关节功能恢复情况良好,可以显著提高患者的生活质量,对膝关节稳定性及生理功能干扰较小,值得临床大力推广。