Vitamin D Enhances Neutrophil Generation and Function in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Vitamin D (VD) is a major regulator of calcium metabolism in many living organisms. In addition, VD plays a key role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity in vertebrates. Neutrophils constitute an important part of the first line of defense against invading microbes; however, the potential effect of VD on neutrophils remains elusive. Thus, in this study zebrafish in different developmental stages were utilized to identify the potential role of VD in the basal homeostasis and functions of neutrophils. Our results showed that addition of exogenous VD₃ promoted granulopoiesis in zebrafish larvae. Reciprocally, neutrophil abundance in the intestine of adult zebrafish with a cyp2r1 mutant, lacking the capacity to 25-hydroxylate VD, was reduced. Moreover, VD-mediated granulopoiesis was still observed in gnotobiotic zebrafish larvae, indicating that VD regulates neutrophil generation independent of the microbiota during early development. In contrast, VD was incapable to influence granulopoiesis in adult zebrafish when the commensal bacteria were depleted by antibiotic treatment, suggesting that VD might modulate neutrophil activity via different mechanisms depending on the developmental stage. In addition, we found that VD₃ augmented the expression of il-8 and neutrophil recruitment to the site of caudal fin amputation. Finally, VD₃ treatment significantly decreased bacterial counts and mortality in zebrafish infected with Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) in a neutrophil-dependent manner. Combined, these findings demonstrate that VD regulates granulopoiesis and neutrophil function in zebrafish immunity.     

聚焦超声联合程序性死亡蛋白1单克隆抗体治疗大鼠脑胶质瘤

目的 观察聚焦超声(FUS)联合程序性死亡蛋白1(PD-1)单克隆抗体药物治疗大鼠脑胶质瘤的效果.方法 建立SD大鼠脑胶质瘤模型,随机分为FUS组、PD-1单抗组、联合治疗组及对照组,每组8只.于造模后第9天始对前3组分别给予干预,隔天1次,共4次:FUS组经尾静脉注入微泡后行FUS辐照,PD-1单抗组予腹腔注射PD-...     

Global,regional and national burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease, 1990–2019: update from the GBD 2019 study

BackgroundBecause trends in the epidemiology and burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are changing, reinvestigating the geographical differences and trend changes is essential. Here we evaluated the latest epidemiologic patterns and trends for GERD, using data from Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019.MethodsAnnual case numbers, age-standardized rates of prevalence, incidence, and years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and their estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) for GERD between 1990 and 2019 were derived from the GBD 2019 study. Association between GERD burden and socio-demographic index (SDI) was also investigated.ResultsIn 2019, there were 783.95 million cases of GERD globally. Between 1990 and 2019, the total number of prevalent cases, incident cases, and YLDs increased by 77.53%, 74.79%, and 77.19%, respectively. The global age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized YLD rate (ASYR) increased during this period (EAPC = 0.06 and 0.05, respectively). Tropical Latin America and East Asia had the highest and lowest age-standardiZed prevalence rate (ASPR), ASIR, and ASYR in 2019, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, prevalent cases, incident cases, YLDs, and their corresponding age-standardized rates of GERD were higher in females than males in all years. Higher SDI was associated with lower ASPR, ASIR, and ASYR of GERD in 2019.ConclusionsGERD will continue to be a major public health burden due to increasing numbers of prevalent cases, incident cases, and YLDs. In order to tackle this troublesome disease, it is crucial to understand the changes in both global and regional trends in epidemiology and the burden for policymakers and other stakeholders.

Key messages

• This is the most updated estimate on GERD epidemiology globally, including 204 countries, some of which were not assessed before.
• The overall burden of GERD continued to worsen with the prevalent cases increasing by 77.53% from 441.57 million in 1990 to 783.95 million in 2019.
• GERD is likely to remain a common reason for consultation in primary care, and our data may allow for health service provision planning.

     

Conversion of bio-carbohydrates to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in three-component deep eutectic solvent

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a valuable platform chemical derived from biomass and lots of research focuses on the synthesis of HMF from fructose and glucose. Herein, conversion of bio-carbohydrates to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was studied in the three-component deep eutectic solvent (DES) system, which was composed of choline chloride (ChCl), boric acid and substrates such as fructose, glucose and sucrose. Bio-carbohydrates handled under typical reaction conditions gave satisfactory conversion (44% for fructose and 31% for glucose) and yield of HMF (35% for fructose and 21% for glucose) in 1 h. Moreover, owing to the benefits of DES, the initial substrate content could be higher and the reaction temperature could be reduced, thus side reactions were effectively avoided and the selectivity of HMF was better (ranging from 79% to 100% for fructose and from 65% to 100% for glucose). We believe this method could provide a promising alternative for conversion of bio-carbohydrates to HMF and a better utilization of biomass.

The conversion process of fructose and glucose in the three-component DES system. Substrates such as fructose, glucose and sucrose treated with this DES system could convert to HMF in a satisfactory yield and selectivity.     

肝内外胆管结石切开取石术的临床护理

肝胆管结石是肝胆外科较常见的急腹症之一,做好患者术前、术后护理对减轻患者心理负担,减少手术后并发症,提高治疗效果有非常重要意义.自2005年12月至2006年12月我科共收治肝内外胆管结石手术患者142例,取得了良好的治疗效果,现将术前、术后护理体会总结如下.     

推拿掌振法对局部皮肤温度场红外热像的影响

目的:通过红外热像技术,分析确定振法的热效应及操作时间的客观化标准。方法:利用红外热像技术采集初学者、低年资医师及高年资医师三组操作者采用的空置、掌振及空振法所得的相应红外热像数据,比较不同组别的温度差异。结果:三组操作者在空置后3min,心俞穴和大杼穴处温度均出现变化,且与操作前温度有显著差别(P<0.05);在空置3min后,被操作者的心俞处以及大杼处的温度呈自然下降趋势;而在行掌振法时,被操作者心俞处以及大杼处的温度变化,不仅发生在3min后,而且可延续到振法停止后的1min到3min内,与操作前温度相比,有显著差别(P<0.05);在空振中,高年资医师的劳宫处和中冲处温度呈现逐渐上升趋势,在振法进行到90 s时,中冲处温度出现显著变化,与开始温度相比,有显著差别(P<0.05),而劳宫处的温度则是在120 s时,出现显著变化,与开始温度相比,有显著差别(P<0.05)。结论:推拿手法有一定的热传导作用,但振法产热不仅仅是热传导作用,还有可能是激发了受试者体内的某种产热机制(其机制有待进一步研究);从空振试验模块推拿医师手部的升温现象分析,振法的持续操作时间至少应该达到90 s,最佳操作时间可能在3min以上。     

Impact of atomic layer deposited TiO2 on the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2/w-VA-CNT nanocomposite materials

Titanium oxide (TiO₂) has been widely investigated as a photocatalytic material, and the fact that its performance depends on its crystalline structure motivates further research on the relationship between preparation methods and material properties. In this work, TiO₂ thin films were grown on non-functionalized wave-like patterned vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (w-VA-CNTs) via the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) analysis revealed that the structure of the TiO₂/VA-CNT nanocomposites varied from amorphous to a crystalline phase with increasing deposition temperature, suggesting a “critical deposition temperature” for the anatase crystalline phase formation. On the other hand, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) studies revealed that the non-functionalized carbon nanotubes were conformally and homogeneously coated with TiO₂, forming a nanocomposite while preserving the morphology of the nanotubes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provided information about the surface chemistry and stoichiometry of TiO₂. The photodegradation experiments under ultraviolet (UV) light on a model pollutant (Rhodamine B, RhB) revealed that the nanocomposite comprised of anatase crystalline TiO₂ grown at 200 °C (11.2 nm thickness) presented the highest degradation efficiency viz 55% with an illumination time of 240 min. Furthermore, its recyclability was also demonstrated for multiple cycles, showing good recovery and potential for practical applications.

Amorphous or anatase crystalline TiO₂/VA-CNT nanocomposites were grown controlling the synthesis temperature. Photocatalytic degradation of RhB of 55% was achieved after 240 min. The immobilized material remains active after 4 cycles of use.     

淋巴瘤化疗患者发生血栓栓塞症的危险因素分析

目的:探讨淋巴瘤化疗患者发生血栓栓塞症(TE)的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月-2019年7月接受化疗的淋巴瘤患者304例其中发生TE患者111例,未发生TE患者193例,单因素分析比较两组患者的临床特征资料及相关化验检查,多因素Logistic回归分析淋巴瘤化疗患者发生TE的危险因素。结果:单因素分析结果显示,女性、BMI <18.5 or>24、年龄≥60岁、化疗前血小板异常、单次住院天数及Ann Arbor分期为Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者均会增高淋巴瘤化疗患者发生TE的风险。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,化疗前血小板数异常、Ann Arbor分期为Ⅲ、Ⅳ期、女性患者等均是影响淋巴瘤患者化疗后发生TE的独立危险因素(P <0.05)。结论:对于淋巴瘤化疗患者,女性、化疗前血小板异常、分期为Ⅲ、Ⅳ患者其发生血栓栓塞症的风险较其他患者明显增高,对于这部分患者我们建议预防性抗凝治疗。     

抑制Blimp-1表达导致浆细胞去分化

目的探讨转录因子Bhmp-1在浆细胞发育中的作用。方法应用慢病毒载体稳定表达针对Blimp-1的siRNA,抑制骨髓瘤细胞J558L中Blimp-1的表达。采用免疫荧光及流式细胞技术观察Blimp-1抑制前后细胞的免疫表型变化,半定量RT-PCR检测XBP-1、J-chain、c-myc、BCMA的变化。结果Blimp-1抑制后,浆细胞表面标志CD138表达显著下降,B淋巴细胞免疫标志CD19表达增加。同时,与浆细胞功能及存活密切相关的XBP-1、J-chain、BCMA基因表达下降,而促进B淋巴细胞增殖发育的c-myc表达上升。结论浆细胞中Blimp-1被抑制后,浆细胞发育程序出现再编程,发生了去分化现象,返回到更早期的发育阶段,提示Blimp-1特异性shRNA有可能用于浆细胞相关疾病的治疗。     

308 nm准分子激光联合富血小板血浆治疗白癜风有效性与安全性Meta分析

目的: 比较308 nm准分子激光联合富血小板血浆(platelet-rich plasma,PRP)与单用308 nm准分子激光治疗白癜风的有效性与安全性.方法: 检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库中关于308 ...