全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11262篇 |
免费 | 569篇 |
国内免费 | 57篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 91篇 |
儿科学 | 192篇 |
妇产科学 | 115篇 |
基础医学 | 1223篇 |
口腔科学 | 264篇 |
临床医学 | 804篇 |
内科学 | 3419篇 |
皮肤病学 | 148篇 |
神经病学 | 579篇 |
特种医学 | 287篇 |
外科学 | 1896篇 |
综合类 | 48篇 |
预防医学 | 247篇 |
眼科学 | 330篇 |
药学 | 824篇 |
中国医学 | 39篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1382篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 52篇 |
2022年 | 125篇 |
2021年 | 234篇 |
2020年 | 112篇 |
2019年 | 159篇 |
2018年 | 231篇 |
2017年 | 147篇 |
2016年 | 236篇 |
2015年 | 221篇 |
2014年 | 275篇 |
2013年 | 376篇 |
2012年 | 610篇 |
2011年 | 592篇 |
2010年 | 335篇 |
2009年 | 298篇 |
2008年 | 513篇 |
2007年 | 636篇 |
2006年 | 553篇 |
2005年 | 575篇 |
2004年 | 565篇 |
2003年 | 574篇 |
2002年 | 557篇 |
2001年 | 436篇 |
2000年 | 411篇 |
1999年 | 365篇 |
1998年 | 139篇 |
1997年 | 110篇 |
1996年 | 94篇 |
1995年 | 91篇 |
1994年 | 90篇 |
1993年 | 81篇 |
1992年 | 216篇 |
1991年 | 197篇 |
1990年 | 179篇 |
1989年 | 184篇 |
1988年 | 148篇 |
1987年 | 154篇 |
1986年 | 125篇 |
1985年 | 142篇 |
1984年 | 97篇 |
1983年 | 78篇 |
1980年 | 35篇 |
1979年 | 62篇 |
1978年 | 37篇 |
1975年 | 35篇 |
1974年 | 35篇 |
1973年 | 34篇 |
1972年 | 40篇 |
1971年 | 46篇 |
1969年 | 37篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
111.
Morita T Shimada A Ishibashi T Kimura K Haritani M Umemura T 《Journal of comparative pathology》2002,126(2-3):212-215
This report describes a novel spongiform change in the brain stem nuclei of a 9-month-old mixed breed kitten with neurological signs. Histologically, vacuoles were found in perineuronal spaces and neuropil, with mild to moderate astrocytosis in the brain stem nuclei. Vacuoles were not observed in the cytoplasm of neurons and no evidence of neuronal loss was found. Ultrastructurally, there were intramyelinic vacuoles with separation of lamellae at intraperiod lines and larger spaces formed by coalescence of ruptured vacuoles. Immunohistochemically, abnormal accumulation of prion protein (PrP) was not detected in the brain stem lesions. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of a feline spongiform change localized in the brain stem nuclei. 相似文献
112.
Comparative sequence analysis of the M gene among rabies virus strains and its expression by recombinant vaccinia virus 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kazufumi Hiramatsu Kazuaki Mannen Kumato Mifune Akira Nishizono Yoshiko Takita-Sonoda 《Virus genes》1993,7(1):83-88
Nucleotide sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences of the gene encoding the matrix (M) protein of the Nishigahara and the CVS strains of rabies virus have been determined. The M gene is 609 nucleotides long and is capable of coding for a peptide composed of 202 amino acids. Sequence comparison of these M genes with those of other stains [Pasteur (PV), ERA, Avol] revealed that there is 89.7–91.5% homology at the nucleotide level, and 90.1–92.1% homology at amino acid level, between almost all combinations of these strains. However, in the combinations of the PV and ERA strains, and the virulent CVS and the avirulent CVS-derived Avol strains, much higher homology was observed both at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. The predicted secondary structure and hydropathy profiles also exhibited similar features. Recombinant vaccinia virus containing the M gene was constructed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDodSO4)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the precipitates obtained by immune reaction of the recombinant virus-infected cell lysate with a monoclonal antibody against the M protein revealed that electrophoretic mobility of the expressed protein is indistinguishable from that of the authentic M protein from rabies virions.The nucleotide sequence data of the M genes of the CVS and Nishigahara (RCEH) strains reported in this paper will appear in the DDBJ, EMBL, and GenBank Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession numbers D90450 and D90451. 相似文献
113.
K. Iwase M. Takemura T. Shimada S. Wakisaka T. Nokubi Y. Shigenaga 《Anatomy and embryology》1998,197(3):229-247
This study characterizes the developmental expression of NADPH-diaphorase from embryo to adulthood in the forebrain, midbrain
and cerebellum of rat brain via histochemical staining. On embryonic day 12 no neurons stained. Labeling was observed in certain
nuclei from E15 through the postnatal period to adulthood. Labeling in neurons increased or maintained a constant level with
increased age. The embryo demonstrated substantial labeling in neurons of the caudate putamen, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis,
preoptic area, lateral hypothalamic area, paraventricular thalamic nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, magnocellular
nucleus posterior commissure, and periaqueductal central gray. Additional neuronal labeling was observed postnatally in the
olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, amygdala, various nuclei of the thalamus, interpeduncular nucleus, linear nucleus of the
raphe, pretectal area and superior colliculus. In the cerebellum, labeling appeared only after P14 in cells of the molecular
cell layer and granular cell layer. The sizes of labeled neurons developed significantly from P4 to P14 in several nuclei.
The distinctive temporal and spatial expression pattern of NADPH-diaphorase implies that the NO/cGMP system may play an important
role in physiological and developmental functions.
Accepted: 8 September 1997 相似文献
114.
115.
Takuya Sekiguchi Yoshihiro Hagiwara Akira Ando Kenji Kanazawa Kazuaki Suzuki Masashi Koide Yutaka Yabe Satsuki Onoda Eiji Itoi 《Journal of orthopaedic science》2021,26(4):595-598
BackgroundThe Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is a simple disease specific questionnaire that is used to evaluate the impact of shoulder disorders. The purpose of this study was to translate the SPADI into Japanese (SPADI-Jp) and evaluate its reliability and validity in Japanese patients with shoulder disorders.MethodsCross-cultural adaptation of the SPADI was performed according to international guidelines. A total of 100 patients with shoulder disorders participated in this study. Each participant was asked to finish the SPADI-Jp, Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), and the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) at the initial visit. Thirty-four patients repeated the SPADI-Jp to assess the test–retest reliability. The test–retest reliability was quantified using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), while Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess the internal consistency. The construct validity was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients.ResultsInternal consistency in the SPADI-Jp was very high (0.969), as measured by the Cronbach's alpha. The ICC of the SPADI-Jp was 0.930. There was a strong, positive correlation between the DASH and the SPADI-Jp (r = 0.837, p < 0.001). The SPADI-Jp was significantly correlated with most of the SF-36 subscales. The correlations of the SPADI-Jp with physical subscales of the SF-36 were stronger than those with the other subscales.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that the SPADI-Jp is a reliable and valid self-assessment tool. Because cross-cultural adaptation, validation, and reliability of the disease-specific questionnaire for shoulder pain and disability have not been evaluated in Japan, the SPADI-Jp can be useful for evaluating such patients in the Japanese population. 相似文献
116.
Kinugasa Eriko Igawa Ken Shimada Hisaki Kondo Morihiro Funakoshi Satoshi Imada Naoki Itami Noritomo Fukazawa Naoki Takubo Ryoko Kawata Yuichi Murota Hiroyuki 《Clinical and experimental nephrology》2021,25(8):875-884
Clinical and Experimental Nephrology - The pathophysiology of uremic pruritus (UP), which is characterized by systemic and intractable itching, remains unclear. As interleukin (IL)-31 may be... 相似文献
117.
Yosuke Tsuruga Toshiya Kamiyama Hirofumi Kamachi Tatsuya Orimo Shingo Shimada Akihisa Nagatsu Yoh Asahi Yuzuru Sakamoto Tatsuhiko Kakisaka Akinobu Taketomi 《World journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2021,13(2):153-163
BACKGROUNDPreoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) is a widely used strategy to enable major hepatectomy in patients with insufficient liver remnant. PVE induces hypertrophy of the future liver remnant (FLR) and a shift of the functional reserve to the FLR. However, whether the increase of the FLR volume (FLRV) corresponds to the functional transition after PVE remains unclear.AIMTo investigate the sequential relationship between the increase in FLRV and functional transition after preoperative PVE using 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) and 99mTc-galactosyl-human serum albumin (99mTc-GSA) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) fusion images. METHODSThirty-three patients who underwent major hepatectomy following PVE at the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Hospital between October 2013 and March 2018 were enrolled. Three-phase dynamic multidetector CT and 99mTc-GSA SPECT scintigraphy were performed at pre-PVE, and at 1 and 2 wk after PVE; 3D 99mTc-GSA SPECT CT-fused images were constructed from the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data using 3D image analysis system. Functional FLRV (FFLRV) was defined as the total liver volume × (FLR volume counts/total liver volume counts) on the 3D 99mTc-GSA SPECT CT-fused images. The calculated FFLRV was compared with FLRV.RESULTSFFLRV increased by a significantly larger extent than FLRV at 1 and 2 wk after PVE (P < 0.01). The increase in FFLRV and FLRV was 55.1% ± 41.6% and 26.7% ± 17.8% (P < 0.001), respectively, at 1 wk after PVE, and 64.2% ± 33.3% and 36.8% ± 18.9% (P < 0.001), respectively, at 2 wk after PVE. In 3 of the 33 patients, FFLRV levels decreased below FLRV at 2 wk. One of the three patients showed rapidly progressive fatty changes in FLR. The biopsy at 4 wk after PVE showed macro- and micro-vesicular steatosis of more than 40%, which improved to 10%. Radical resection was performed at 13 wk after PVE. The patient recovered uneventfully without any symptoms of pos-toperative liver failure.CONCLUSIONThe functional transition lagged behind the increase in FLRV after PVE in some cases. Evaluating both volume and function is needed to determine the optimal timing of hepatectomy after PVE. 相似文献
118.
The threat of the current coronavirus disease pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is accelerating the development of potential vaccines. Candidate vaccines have been generated using existing technologies that have been applied for developing vaccines against other infectious diseases. Two new types of platforms, mRNA- and viral vector-based vaccines, have been gaining attention owing to the rapid advancement in their methodologies. In clinical trials, setting appropriate immunological endpoints plays a key role in evaluating the efficacy and safety of candidate vaccines. Updated information about immunological features from individuals who have or have not been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 continues to guide effective vaccine development strategies. This review highlights key strategies for generating candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and considerations for vaccine development and clinical trials. 相似文献
119.
Gifu anaerobe-modified semisolid medium supplemented with vancomycin, polymyxin B, trimethoprim, and amphotericin B can serve as an efficient enrichment for the recovery of Campylobacter jejuni under aerobic conditions. It is superior to the direct plating method in its recovery of very small numbers of C. jejuni. Blood supplementation, agitation, and elevated temperatures are not required for this improved recovery. 相似文献
120.
Takahashi S Okada K Nagasawa H Shimada Y Sakamoto H Itoi E 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》2004,444(5):454-458
We describe a case history of a 24-year-old male with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) who developed osteosarcoma of the left thigh. High-dose ifosfamide therapy caused marked tumor regression of multiple lung metastases. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffusely positive for the p53 protein. Mutation of the p53 gene was not detected by direct genomic sequencing of exons 4–8. The radiographic characteristics, including irregularly distributed osteolytic lesions and cortical discontinuity, should not be confused with hyperplastic callus formation, a benign process. A biopsy is critical to establish the differential diagnosis between osteosarcoma and common hyperplastic callus formation in OI; however, it must be applied with great care. 相似文献