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61.
62.
Yada T Dezaki K Sone H Koizumi M Damdindorj B Nakata M Kakei M 《Current diabetes reviews》2008,4(1):18-23
Insulin release from pancreatic islet beta-cells is stimulated by glucose. Glucose-induced insulin release is potentiated or suppressed by hormones and neural substances. Ghrelin, a novel acylated 28-amino acid peptide isolated from stomach, is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue-receptor (GHS-R). Circulating ghrelin is produced predominantly in stomach. Ghrelin is a potent stimulator of GH release and feeding as well as exhibiting positive cardiovascular effects. In relation to the glucose metabolism, initial studies indicated that low plasma ghrelin levels are associated with elevated fasting insulin levels, insulin resistance, and obesity. It has recently been demonstrated that ghrelin suppresses glucose-induced insulin release via G alpha(i2) subtype of GTP-binding proteins and delayed outward K(+) (Kv) channels, representing a novel signaling mechanism, and that the ghrelin originating from islets regulates insulin release and thereby glycemia. Furthermore, elimination of ghrelin enhances insulin release to prevent or ameliorate glucose intolerance in high-fat diet fed mice and ob/ob mice. This review focuses on the physiological roles of ghrelin in regulating insulin release and glycemia, the insulinostatic mechanisms of ghrelin in islet beta-cells, and the potential of ghrelin-GHS-R system as the therapeutic target to treat type 2 diabetes. 相似文献
63.
Takeshi Imura Yuki Nagasawa Tetsuji Inagawa Naoki Imada Hiroaki Izumi Katsuya Emoto Itaru Tani Hiroyuki Yamasaki Yuichiro Ota Shuichi Oki Tadanori Maeda Osamu Araki 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2015,27(5):1383-1386
[Purpose] The efficacy of diffusion tensor imaging in the prediction of motor outcomes
and activities of daily living function remains unclear. We evaluated the most appropriate
diffusion tensor parameters and methodology to determine whether the region of interest-
or tractography-based method was more useful for predicting motor outcomes and activities
of daily living function in stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Diffusion tensor
imaging data within 10 days after stroke onset were collected and analyzed for 25
patients. The corticospinal tract was analyzed. Fractional anisotropy, number of fibers,
and apparent diffusion coefficient were used as diffusion tensor parameters. Motor
outcomes and activities of daily living function were evaluated on the same day as
diffusion tensor imaging and at 1 month post-onset. [Results] The fractional anisotropy
value of the affected corticospinal tract significantly correlated with the motor outcome
and activities of daily living function within 10 days post-onset and at 1 month
post-onset. Tthere were no significant correlations between other diffusion tensor
parameters and motor outcomes or activities of daily living function. [Conclusion] The
fractional anisotropy value of the affected corticospinal tract obtained using the
tractography-based method was useful for predicting motor outcomes and activities of daily
living function in stroke patients.Key words: Stroke, Diffusion tensor tractography, Activities of daily living function 相似文献
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65.
Tago K Tsukahara F Naruse M Yoshioka T Takano K 《Molecular and cellular endocrinology》2004,213(2):131-138
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has been demonstrated in both cytoplasm and nucleus, and regulates cytoplasmic retention of glucocorticoid receptor (GR). However, the role of nuclear Hsp90 in GR trafficking is less characterized. The present study examined the role of Hsp90 in nuclear retention of GR after ligand withdrawal. Hsp90 inhibitors; geldanamycin (GA) and radicicol (Rad), significantly accelerated nuclear export of GR after withdrawal of ligands including dexamethasone, corticosterone and RU486. GA accelerated relocalization of GR in the cytoplasm even when reimport of GR into the nucleus was inhibited by okadaic acid or when novel GR synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide. Overexpression of wild type or nuclear-targeted Hsp90 attenuated Hsp90 inhibitor-induced acceleration of GR nuclear export, although nuclear Hsp90 showed higher activity than the wild type. Only nuclear-targeted Hsp90 prolonged basal nuclear retention of GR after withdrawal of dexamethasone and corticosterone. These results suggest that nuclear Hsp90 regulates the nuclear retention of GR. 相似文献
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68.
Hayashi T Kawahara H Kobayashi S Kashiwagi H Hirai K Yanaga K 《Hepato-gastroenterology》2008,55(82-83):403-406
BACKGROUND/AIMS: We evaluated a relationship between postoperative recurrence and thymidine phosphorylase (TP), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidylate synthase (TS) expression at the invasive front of T3 rectal cancer. METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted on 61 patients with T3 rectal cancer who underwent surgically curative resection between 1998 and 2002. Paraffin-embedded sections of these patients were immunostained for TP, DPD and TS. Relationship between expression level of the three factors and postoperative recurrence were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no relationship between expression of DPD or TS in the tumor cells and recurrences. Although no relationship was present between expression of TP in the stromal cells around the invasive front of the tumor and postoperative recurrences, there was a strong correlation between expression of TP in the invasive front of the tumor and postoperative recurrence. Moreover, by multivariate logistic regression analysis, TP expression in the tumor cells was the only independent contributory factor for postoperative recurrences (p = 0.021) with an odds ratio of 8.27. CONCLUSIONS: TP expression at the invasive front of the tumor may be an important prognostic factor for T3 rectal cancer, and patients with such a condition may benefit from intensive chemotherapy. 相似文献
69.
Hideo Wada Miho Sakakura Fumihiko Kushiya Masakatu Nisikawa Katsuya Onishi Kaname Nakatani Hiroshi Shiku Tsutomu Nobori 《Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis》2005,16(1):17-24
Thrombomodulin (TM) has been under development as a medicine for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and is expected to exhibit strong anticoagulant activity by inhibiting thrombin generation via the acceleration of protein C activation. In the present study, we examined the pharmacological action of TM in plasma obtained from DIC patients. TM was found to inhibit thrombin generation and accelerate activated protein C (APC) production at 0.3-30 TM units/ml in plasma obtained from DIC patients irrespective of their underlying disorders. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the inhibition of thrombin generation and the amount of APC produced. Thrombin generation was inhibited by over 50% when the plasma level of APC was increased by more than 0.2 microg/ml. These results indicate that TM inhibits thrombin generation in plasma obtained from DIC patients by accelerating APC production. Moreover, the results imply that the thrombin generation test may be a good method to speculate the efficacy of TM on every patient before the administration of TM. 相似文献
70.
Background and Aim: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes liver diseases and extrahepatic manifestations, and also contributes to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The aims of the present study were to examine the incidence of extrahepatic manifestations including lichen planus in HCV‐infected patients and to evaluate the relationship between lichen planus and insulin resistance. Methods: Of 9396 patients with liver diseases presenting to the study hospital, 87 patients (mean age 60.0 ± 11.5 years) with HCV‐related liver diseases were identified and examined for the incidence of extrahepatic manifestations. Insulin resistance and the presence of Helicobacter pylori antibodies were also measured. Results: The prevalence of DM was 21.8% (19/87), hypertension was 28.7% (25/87), thyroid dysfunction was 20.7% (18/87), and extrahepatic malignant tumor was 9.2% (8/87). The prevalence of lichen planus at oral, cutaneous, pharyngeal, and/or vulval locations was 19.5% (17/87). Characteristics of 17 patients with lichen planus (group A) were compared with 70 patients without lichen planus (group B). Prevalence of smoking history, presence of hypertension, extrahepatic malignant tumor, and insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) were significantly higher in group A than in group B. Significant differences were not observed for age, sex, body mass index, diagnosis of liver disease, alcohol consumption, presence of DM, thyroid dysfunction, liver function tests, or presence of H. pylori infection between the two groups. Conclusions: Infection with HCV induces insulin resistance and may cause lichen planus. It is necessary for an HCV‐infected patient to be assayed for insulin resistance, and to be checked for different extrahepatic manifestations of this infection, particularly lichen planus. 相似文献