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21.
Factors associated with levels of physical activity at work and during leisure time were analyzed among 577 subjects who had been selected as population controls for a case-control study by random selection from telephone directories. The intensity of physical activity at work was inversely associated with body mass index, the proportion of professionals & managers, consumption of western style breakfast, coffee, butter/margarine, and whisky; and positively associated with rice intake. Frequency of physical activities during leisure time was positively associated with consumption of vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, milk, cheese and coffee, and moderation in eating; and inversely associated with rice intake and the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and medication. The association of physical activity with these factors should be considered in studying its relationship to disease risk. 相似文献
22.
A Decade of Change in Obesity Surgery 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Edward E Mason MD PhD Shenghui Tang MS Kathleen E Renquist BS Dwight T Barnes Joseph J Cullen MD Cornelius Doherty MD James W Maher MD 《Obesity surgery》1997,7(3):189-197
Background: The International (formerly National) Bariatric Surgery Registry began collecting data in January 1986. The aim
of this study was to examine changes in the practice of surgical treatment of severe obesity that occurred during the decade
of 1986 through 1995, as observed in the IBSR data. Methods: All data submitted to the IBSR during the decade were transferred
to the IBM mainframe computer for analysis. Characteristics of operative type populations were compared over time using analysis
of variance (ANOVA) for age, body mass index (BMI), operative weight and Chi-square (χ2) test for gender. Results: There has been a steady increase over the decade in mean patient weight. The operations used have
changed from predominantly ‘simple’ operations to more frequent use of ‘complex’ operations. Within the categories of ‘simple’
and ‘complex’, an increase in the variety of operations occurred. As a group, patients with ‘simple’ operations have been
heavier, more often male and public pay patients than those who have undergone ‘complex’ operations. One year weight loss
was greater for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB) than vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG), but follow-up rates were too low to
study the relative merits of the operations used. The reported incidence of operative mortality and serious complications
(leak with peritonitis, abscess and pulmonary embolism) remained low. Conclusions: These observations and their implications
can be summarized in three statements which relate to action for improved patient care in the beginning of the new century:
(1) increasing weight of candidates for surgical treatment during this decade indicates the need for earlier use of operative
treatment before irreversible complications of obesity can develop; (2) low risk of obesity surgery, decreasing postoperative
hospital stay, and early weight control support the continued and increased use of surgical treatment; (3) continued widespread
use of both ‘simple’ and ‘complex’ operations with increased modifications of standard RGB and VBG procedures emphasizes the
need for standardized long-term data and analyses regarding both weight control and postoperative side-effects. 相似文献
23.
Tiziano Curti MD Gianandrea Pasquinelli MD Paola Preda BS Antonio Freyrie MD Renzo Laschi MD Massimo D’Addato MD 《Annals of vascular surgery》1989,3(4):351-363
Human adult endothelial cells were enzymatically harvested from adipose tissue. Cell viability was established by Trypan blue exclusion and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Endothelial cells were identified by immunocytochemical investigation at light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Isolated cells were positive for actin and vimentin, negative for desmin. Factor VIII RA was mainly expressed at cell surface and occasionally disclosed in the cytoplasm. Reactivity for UEA I and J15 was weak or undetectable. Human endothelial cells were seeded and left to adhere for one hour onto different nonvascular substrates (glass, poly-l-lysine, formvar-carbon, fibronectin, Teflon). Scanning electron microscopy defined surface features, suggesting tenacious cell adhesion on the substrate. Different vascular substrates were tested (preclotted Dacron, albumin Dacron, Hemashield Dacron, Gelseal Dacron, ePTFE, fibronectin-ePTFE). Commercially available coated grafts showed qualitative and quantitative differences in cell adhesion. In particular, Gelseal Dacron provided the best quantitative results, even though a wide variability was observed. In contrast, fibronectin-coated ePTFE gave more reliable results and high spreading efficiency. In the short term, coated grafts do not seem to offer greater advantages than fibronectin-coated ePTFE. However, specific incubation times for each coated graft should be selected and the long-term approach (graft culture) should also be attempted. 相似文献
24.
25.
Tadashi Kato 《Seishin shinkeigaku zasshi》2002,104(6):509-512
26.
Michael C. Dalsing MD Melissa Kevorkian BS Beth Raper BA Craig Nixon MS Stephen G. Lalka MD Dolores F. Cikrit MD Joseph L. Unthank PhD Malcolm B. Herring MD 《Annals of vascular surgery》1989,3(2):127-133
This study evaluates the potential for endothelial seeding of a collagen-impregnated Dacron graft with or without surface modifiers (fibronectin, heparin) to attach and retain these cells during flow. Human umbilical endothelial cells were harvested, cultured, labeled with Indium111-oxine and seeded onto 30 mm X 4 mm diameter grafts. Six graft surfaces were studied: 1) a collagen-impregnated Dacron graft, HemashieldR (C); 2) C + fibronectin (C + F); 3) C + heparin (C + H); 4) C + F + H; 5) HytrelR + F (Hyt + F); and 6) Hyt + F + H. Radioactive loss determined the percentage attachment and then percentage retention of labeled inoculum after a one-hour in vitro perfusion. Scanning electron and light microscopy demonstrated the endothelium on the graft surface following perfusion. Fibronectin-coated grafts had a significantly higher percentage attachment than those without fibronectin (ANOVA, P less than 0.05). However, the percentage retention following perfusion was similar for all Dacron grafts and statistically inferior to the HytrelR grafts studied (ANOVA, P less than 0.05). SEM evaluation of the C + F + H graft surface was qualitatively the most impressive Dacron surface for seeding, yet was inferior to the HytrelR graft. We conclude that fibronectin benefits the initial attachment of endothelium to collagen-coated Dacron rivaling the HytrelR surface. Fibronectin does not improve percentage retention of the HemashieldR surface during perfusion, therefore, some of its initial benefit is lost. 相似文献
27.
28.
Kenneth K. H. Chao BS Eric Cheung BS William B. Armstrong MD Brian J. F. Wong MD 《Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery》2002,126(6):593
Objective: The study goal was to compare the laser spot size created using reflective and refractive micromanipulators with a CO2 laser and to determine the sensitivity of spot size to laser power. Study Design and Setting: A CO2 laser and operating microscope (400-mm focal length) was coupled to either a reflective (Cassegrain-like) or refractive micromanipulator. Laser spot size was determined by measuring the region of ablation created by laser irradiation of wood (dry tongue depressors), exposed photographic film, and agar gel using optical micrometry. Laser power varied from 0.5 to 20 W with pulse durations of 0.1 and 0.5 second. Results: The reflective micromanipulator demonstrated overall smaller spot sizes for a given laser power and lower incremental change in spot size with increasing power. The reflective design demonstrated less sensitivity to increases in laser power. Conclusions: Micromanipulator optical design can result in significant differences in laser spot size. The reflective device used in this study demonstrated less sensitivity to increasing laser power. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002;126:593-597.) 相似文献
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