Dissolution rate improvement of poorly water-soluble drugs obtained by adsorbing solutions of drugs in hydrophilic solvents onto high surface area carriers.

The dissolution rate of the model drugs carbamazepine and nifedipine was improved by adsorbing solutions of the drugs in hydrophilic non-volatile or volatile solvents onto carriers with a large surface area. This was accomplished by dissolving the drug in methanol or the non-toxic hydrophilic liquids PEG 400 or 2-pyrrolidone, and adsorbing these solutions onto the surface of silica (Aerosil) or crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone (Kollidon CL-M). The solvent binding capacities decreased in the order of methanol, PEG 400, 2-pyrrolidone for Aerosil 200, 300, 380 and for Kollidon CL-M. Kollidon bound less liquid than Aerosil because of the smaller surface area. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed higher interactions between drugs and Kollidon compared to Aerosil, suggesting a low aggregation of precipitated drug particles. The drug release from the adsorbent systems was enhanced when compared to micronized drug and independent of the drug loading in the investigated range. The drugs were also dissolved in various liquid, paste-like or solid solubilisers (polyoxyl-40-hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor RH 40), macrogol-15-hydroxystearate (Solutol HS), poloxamers (Lutrol F68, Pluronic F87NF and Pluronic L44NF) and adsorbed onto Kollidon. These adsorbent systems also exhibited an increased dissolution rate when compared to pure drug.     

Beitrag zum Studium der skrofuloiden Adenopathien hereditär-syphilitischer Individuen

Ohne ZusammenfassungHiezu Taf. XVIII.     

A simplified approach to understanding urea kinetics in peritoneal dialysis.

Urea, a small molecular solute, is the candidate molecule commonly used to understand solute kinetics in both peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis. Serum urea or serum urea nitrogen levels are used to calculate measures of dialysis adequacy and nutritional status in patients on dialysis. The kinetic behavior of this molecule is different for a continuous therapy such as PD compared with an intermittent therapy such as hemodialysis. This article presents a simplified approach to understanding urea kinetics on PD.     

Ueber den Einfluss der Kranzarterienerkrankungen auf das Herz und die chronische Myocarditis

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Luxationen im Bereich des Mittelfußes

Ohne Zusammenfassung (Mit 13 Abbildungen.)     

Rechtsprechung aktuell

Ohne Zusammenfassung