中药厚朴及其类似品的有效成分分析

本文对中药厚朴及其类似品中的有效成分——厚朴酚、和厚朴酚及木兰箭毒碱分别进行了高效液相色谱法和双波长扫描法测定;对其挥发油中化学成分进行了气-质联用分离与鉴定。     

电针对下丘脑后区神经元放电的影响

<正> 实验用成年杂种家兔,观察了电针“内关”、“足三里”和尾部非穴点对下丘脑后区(PHA)神经元电活动的影响。 1.电针“内关”后,31个PHA神经元被兴奋者16个(51.6％),被抑制者10个(32.3％),这两种效应具有很好的重复性,有5个没有明显变化。     

Experimental tests of three-dimensional model of urinary concentrating mechanism.

Recently, a new model of the urinary concentrating process has been proposed that takes into account the three-dimensional architecture of the renal medulla. Under the assumptions of the model, computer simulations predicted significant axial osmolality gradients in the inner medulla without active transport by the inner medullary loop of Henle. Two of the model assumptions (which constitute hypotheses for this study) were: (1) the osmotic water permeability of the initial part of the inner medullary collecting duct (initial IMCD) is very low even in the presence of vasopressin; and (2) there is significant lateral separation of structures such that thin descending limbs are far from the collecting ducts at the same inner medullary level. The first hypothesis was addressed by perfusing rat initial IMCD segments in vitro and measuring osmotic water permeability. With the osmotic gradient oriented as predicted by the model (lumen greater than bath), vasopressin increased the osmotic water permeability from 286 to 852 microns/s. Three additional series of experiments confirmed the high water permeability in the presence of vasopressin. The second hypothesis was addressed by morphometric analysis of histologic cross-sections of the rat renal medulla. Mean distances of descending limbs to the nearest adjacent collecting duct were very small throughout the inner medulla (less than 6 microns) and substantially less than in the outer medulla (28 microns). It was concluded that the data are inconsistent with both hypotheses and therefore do not support the feasibility of the "three-dimensional" model of the renal inner medulla. The axial distributions of loops of Henle and collecting ducts in the rat renal medulla are also reported.     

食管平滑肌瘤诊断的新征象

本文报告2例食管平滑肌瘤,经食管钡透检查,发现两种新的征象,我们称之为“粘膜折叠征”和“粘膜外凸征”。经食管镜检查与术中观察分析可印证:这两种征象的出现是食管粘膜深陷于肿瘤表面的凹陷处,或深陷于两个肿瘤挤压在一起的间隙中而形成的,而食管壁以外的任何肿瘤压迫食管壁都不可能出现的征象。出现上述两种征象,可以作为食管平滑肌瘤与纵隔肿瘤鉴别诊断的依据,也可以作为多发性食管平滑肌瘤挤压在一起的征象。     

Apical opacity associated with pulmonary tuberculosis: high-resolution CT findings

To elucidate the nature of the apical opacity that is commonly seen in patients with tuberculosis--usually referred to as an "apical cap" or "apical pleural thickening"--18 patients with upper lobe tuberculosis were studied with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). All had a homogeneous apical opacity at least 1 cm thick on chest radiographs. Fifteen of the 18 had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis of more than 5 years duration, and nine showed evidence of ipsilateral pleurisy. HRCT scans at the apex of the thorax in all nine patients scanned at this level showed that extrapleural fat with interspersed vessels accounted for most of the plain radiographic opacity. Scans obtained at a level slightly above visible aerated lung showed extrapleural fat 3-25 mm thick peripherally and atelectatic lung centrally. At more caudal levels, at which both aerated lung and "thickened pleura" were visible on plain radiographs, HRCT showed extrapleural fat (3-20 mm thick), thickened pleura (1-3 mm thick), and atelectatic lung peripherally and areas of emphysematous bullae, bronchiectasis, and atelectatic lung centrally.     

Growth of vascularized composite mandibular allografts in young rabbits

Forty-one hemimandible allografts were transplanted in young rabbits immunosuppressed with cyclosporine. The majority of the grafts demonstrated normal wound healing, and growth of hair, bone, and teeth. The mandibular body and the premolars showed significant growth in length. The allografted mandibles functioned sufficiently that the rabbits took oral nourishment soon after surgery. Long-term survival was limited by a toxic "wasting syndrome" specific for rabbits under treatment with cyclosporine.     

Degradation of ginseng saponins under mild acidic conditions

Ginseng saponins, ginsenosides Rg (1), Re and Rb (1), decomposed under mild acidic conditions to yield prosapogenins. The structures of the prosapogenins were investigated by (13)C-NMR spectroscopy and Rg (1)-prosapogenin II was shown to be a mixture of ginsenoside Rh (1), and its C-20 epimer, produced by hydrolysis followed by epimerization at C-20. Rg (1)-prosapogenin III, the other prosapogenin derived from ginsenoside Rg (1); was a C-25,26 hydrated derivative of Rg (1)-prosapogenin II. Re-prosapogenin II was identified as a mixture of ginsenoside Rg (2) and its C-20 epimer, and Re-prosapogenine III as a C-25,26 hydrated derivative of Re-prosapogenin II.     

DRINKXNGf WATER AND LIVER CELL CANCER AN EPIDEMIOTJOGIC APPROACH TO THE ETIOLOGY OF THIS DISEASE, IN CHINA

The geographical distribution of liver cell tancer in China is very uneven. The areas of high frequenCY arc rcstrieted to the coastal zones in :fiangsu Province and southwards of this area and the Guangxi Autonomous Region. The data are mainly collected from LI counties (Qidong, Haimen, Nantong and Rudang) of Jiangsu Province. For many years the bortler 1incs of the high rate areas have remained un- changed. The method of study employed is primarily comparing the environmental factors of adiacent areas with significantly different rates of liver cell cancer, comparing the liver cancer death rates of same area inhabitants using different kinds of drinking water and ob- serving changes in Iiver cancer incidence in vil- 1agers befom and after changing the fype of drinking water. Inhabitauts who drink stagnant and highly polluted ditch water usually incur a higher pre- valence rate while those who drink weii water seldom contract liver cancer. In a sample study, more than 80,000 inhabitants, who were survey- ed twice in 1973 and in 1078 showed a reductiou of approximately 2{JTo in liver cancer incidence in the 5 year interval between surveys, while the propartion of ditch watcr drinkers was re- duced from 79T" in the first survey t0 5;IW,o in the seeand, a reduction of approximately 3270. If all the inhabitants ceased drinking ditch ivater the menace of liver cancer could be wipcd out in Qidong county. It seems that neither hepatitis nor aflatoxin can be considercd as an important causative Factor of liver cell cancer iu China.     

三七绒根提取物(76017)对心血管的作用

三七绒根提取物(76017)为三七绒根乙醇提出物的有效成分,毒性较低,给小白鼠静注LD₅₀为836±17mg/kg。给麻醉猫静注76017 25～50 mg/kg,3～5分钟内冠脉流量最高增加79%(P<0.05),血压呈暂时性下降,心率也略减慢,心肌耗氧量减少,比给药前平均降低24.3%(P<0.05)。在家兔离体心脏灌流实验中,当2%76017 0.1和0.2ml注入灌流系统时,小剂量组给药后1分钟,冠脉流量平均增加17.5%;大剂量组给药后5分钟和7.5分钟分别增加48%和43%,(P<0.05),心率也稍减慢(P>0.05)。小剂量组心肌收缩振幅在5分钟内最高增加48%(P<0.05)。在家兔离体器官血管灌流的实验中,当2%76017 0.1和0.2ml注入灌流系统,记录5分钟内的峰值,小剂量组兔肾、耳及后肢的流量分别增加50,57和32%;而大剂量组分别增加70,64和33%。     

Biological evaluation of Korean medicinal plants(III)

The extracts of sixty Korean plants were evaluated for their biological activities such as antitumor activities against Sarcoma 180, Leukemia SN-36 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, antimicrobial activities and behavioral observation in mice. The results are tabulated.