RP-HPLC法测定家兔血浆中甲苯喹哌浓度和药代动力学参数

本文建立了以紫外230nm波长检测的反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定家兔血浆中甲苯喹派浓度。填料使用LiChrosorb RP-C18,流动相为甲醇—水—三乙胺—磷酸(63:37:1:0.8 v/v),血样(或尿样)经碱化后用乙醚提取,再以0.2 mol/L硫酸回提,进样。方法回收率为99.84±3.10(SD)%;天内、天间精密度平均CV为4.12%及3.95%(n=5);最低检测限3ng.经提取的标准线性浓度在25～2000 ng/ml范围内,Y=0.002865X-0.01346,r=0.9999,内源性物质及可能的合并用药不干扰色谱测定。文内用质谱法鉴定血样中甲苯喹哌色谱峰纯度,并由尿样分析对其主要代谢物予以初步验证。本法可应用于药代动力学参数测定。家兔按8mg/kg静注后,药—时曲线符合二室模型T_1/2=4.8008±1.1522(SD)h。     

Chronic traumatic diaphragmatic hernia: the significance of pleural effusion

Five patients with chronic traumatic diaphragmatic hernia presented with symptoms of acute intestinal obstruction and unilateral pleural effusion. In each case, infarcted herniated abdominal structures were found at surgery. The presence of an ipsilateral pleural effusion is an important radiographic sign, which may indicate strangulation in patients with chronic traumatic diaphragmatic hernia.     

Is obesity-related hypertension less of a cardiovascular risk? The Framingham Study

The hypothesis that obesity-related hypertension is relatively innocuous was explored by an examination of cardiovascular events over 34 years of follow-up when related to biennially measured weights and blood pressures using time-dependent covariate proportional hazards analysis. The 5209 participants were also classified by age, cigarette smoking, and antihypertensive treatment at each of four baseline examinations with 8-year follow-up periods. Over the period of follow-up, there were 978 cardiovascular events in men and 836 in women. Risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in general and of CHD in particular was as strongly related to hypertension at all levels of body mass index. This was also found to apply when adjustment was made for possible confounding by cigarette smoking. Age and smoking-adjusted absolute risks of cardiovascular events were found to be higher in hypertensive individuals with high than with low BMIs. Furthermore, the relative risk of cardiovascular disease did not vary significantly with BMI. Thus hypertension is at least as dangerous in obese as in lean persons at all ages in either sex, providing no support for the hypothesis that hypertension in the obese is more benign. This is important, since obesity predisposes to hypertension and most who have hypertension are obese. This report examines the hypothesis for CVD outcomes considered by previous reports and also the subcategories of CVD disease such as myocardial infarction and stroke, and includes data on both men and women and on young and old.     

Status of the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF), an increasingly common dysrhythmia, is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality. Currently in the United States, approximately 2.3 million people are diagnosed with AF and, based on the census, this number may rise to 5.6 million by 2050. Risk factors for AF include advancing age and cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. The chief hazard of AF is embolic stroke, which is increased four- to fivefold, assuming great importance in advanced age when it becomes a dominant factor. AF is associated with about a doubling of mortality.     

The impact of obesity on left ventricular mass and geometry. The Framingham Heart Study.

OBJECTIVE.--To determine the relationship of varying degrees of obesity with left ventricular mass and geometry. DESIGN.--Survey. SETTING.--Population-based epidemiologic study. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS.--M-mode echocardiograms, which were adequate for estimation of left ventricular mass, were obtained in 3922 healthy participants of the Framingham Heart Study. Measured height and weight were used to calculate body-mass index, a measure of obesity. RESULTS.--Body-mass index was strongly correlated with left ventricular mass. After adjusting for age and blood pressure, body-mass index remained a strong independent predictor of left ventricular mass, left ventricular wall thickness, and left ventricular internal dimension (P less than .01 for all). Body-mass index was associated with prevalence of echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, particularly in subjects with a body-mass index exceeding 30 kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS.--Obesity is significantly correlated with left ventricular mass, even after controlling for age and blood pressure. The increase in left ventricular mass associated with increasing adiposity reflects increases in both left ventricular wall thickness and left ventricular internal dimension.