The “Demon Plague” and Access to Care Among Asian Undocumented Immigrants Living with HIV Disease in New York City

Access to and utilization of care for HIV-positive Asians (A) and Pacific Islanders (PI) have been largely unaddressed despite the rising influx of immigrants from Asia and the Pacific to the United States and the growing HIV prevalence in these regions. This paper describes the cultural attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions that affect access to and utilization of care among Asian undocumented noncitizens living with HIV/AIDS (UNWHA) in New York City. Sixteen semistructured interviews with HIV-positive UNWHAs revealed that their access to care was influenced by community misperceptions of HIV transmission, discriminatory attitudes towards persons living with HIV, competing immigration related stressors, and difficulty navigating service systems. These findings underscore the importance of integrating HIV treatment with primary prevention and awareness of immigration-related stressors to ensure timely access to screening services and care among Asian UNWHAs.     

Toxicity associated with iron overload found in hemochromatosis: possible mechanism in a rat model.

Hemochromatosis is characterized by pathologic iron overload which often leads to various pathological conditions. The mechanism by which excess iron induces these conditions is not clearly understood. Using rats as the model, this investigation was conducted to explore the mechanism of toxicity associated with iron overload. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed a 3% carbonyl iron-supplemented diet for eight weeks to achieve iron accumulation. Liver iron reached approximately 2 mg/g which is more than 16 times the control values (mean +/- SD, 0.12 +/- 0.02 mg/g, p < 0.001). Serum iron was consistently higher in the experimental rats (mg/L): 3.41 +/- 0.58 versus 1.89 +/- 0.18, p < 0.001. The high levels of iron accompanied enhanced oxidative damage in the hepatic nuclear DNA when 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was measured as a product of DNA oxidation. The levels of 8-OHdG in the experimental samples were significantly higher than the controls (8-OHdG X 10(-5)/dG): 4.22 +/- 1.82 versus 1.84 +/- 0.33, p < 0.05. The results of serum enzyme assays suggest that iron overload caused mild hepatocellular damage: alanine transaminase significantly increased; lactate dehydrogenase did not change; alkaline phosphatase decreased. Since the accumulation of 8-OHdG in the nuclear DNA is highly deleterious to cells, these data suggest oxidative damage in the nuclear DNA may be a critical factor in inducing diseases associated with iron overload.     

肠外营养对呼吸功能不全患者的影响

从加强医疗病房的重危患餐巾选取因呼吸衰竭而给予呼吸机支持的患者40例,随机分为A组20例进行肠外营养(parenteral nutrition,PN)治疗,B组20例未行PN治疗。对通气/换气功能各指标进行分析,结果两组患者的呼吸频率、pH、PaO_2、PaCO_2及HCO_3~-无明显差异;A组氧分压与吸入气氧浓度比值轻度降低,而肺泡-动脉氧压差及肺内分流明显升高。提示PN中的脂肪乳和高糖可能是导致呼吸功能改变的重要因素。     

我国丙型和戊型肝炎人群流行病学调查及流行因素的研究

为阐明丙型和戊型肝炎在我国的流行严重度和流行规律，采用描述流行病学、血清流行病学和分子流行病学相结合的研究方法，对两型肝炎的流行特征和流行因素进行了研究。结果发现；一般人群调查近９万人丙型肝炎和戊型肝炎的流行率各为２．２％和９．７％，散 生病毒性肝炎感染比率各为２．１５％和１６．４％。丙型肝炎在我国主要经血传播，与血液接触密切人群中ＨＣＶ感染率高达５０－７０％，慢性化比比例高达４０－６０％，目前供     

Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌淋巴结微转移规律的研究

目的探讨几个问题：（1）Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌淋巴结微转移比率；（2）淋巴结微转移与肿瘤大小、病理类型、细胞分化程度、部位、分型、分期进行Logstic回归分析，确定影响微转移的主要因素；（3）探讨微转移的方式、顺序。方法对91例非小细胞肺癌清扫的肺门和隆突下淋巴结进行MCK（AEI／AE3）免疫组化标志检测微转移的存在。另外收集45例肺部良性病变手术时切除的肺门淋巴结45枚和Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期肺癌常规病理检查阳性的肺门淋巴结45枚进行MCK（AEI／AE3）免疫组化（SP法）标志，分别作为阴性和阳性对照。结果45例肺部良性病变手术时切除的肺门淋巴结45枚进行MCK（AEI／AE3）免疫组化标志均为阴性；Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期常规病理检查阳性的肺门淋巴结45枚进行MCK（AEI／AE3）免疫组化标志均为阳性。91例Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌总的微转移率为49％（45／91）。结论Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌淋巴结中存在微转移；Ⅰb期非小细胞肺癌微转移率明显高于Ⅰa期；有必要对Ⅰb期非小细胞肺癌进行术后化疗；肿瘤分期和分化程度是影响淋巴结微转移的主要因素；淋巴结微转移遵循肺门到纵隔的途径；腺癌存在跳跃式微转移。     

Poxvirus-based vaccine therapy for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer

Purpose  

An open-label Phase 1 study of recombinant prime-boost poxviruses targeting CEA and MUC-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer was conducted to determine safety, tolerability and obtain preliminary data on immune response and survival.     

脑脓肿的诊断及治疗

目的：进一步探讨脑脓肿发病情况，影像学表现，选择最佳治疗方法，提高治疗效果。方法：回顾分析１４７裂离脓肿的发病，病因，影像学表现，治疗方法及死亡率下降因素，结果：脑脓肿发病年龄较年青，血源性及隐源性脑脓肿发病率升高，ＣＴ结合ＭＲＩ可明确诊断，选择最佳手术方法。ＣＴ应用后死亡率由２３．８％下降到７．５％，结论：ＣＴ为脑脓肿最主要的诊断方法，ＣＴ定位下穿刺排脓可治愈大部分脑脓肿。     

荆芥连翘汤对促进皮肤溃疡愈合的影响

目的 观察荆芥连翘汤对小鼠皮肤溃疡的治疗作用。方法 建立小鼠皮肤创伤和烫伤两种皮肤溃疡模型．比较荆芥连翘汤以及rhEGF的用药组和自身对照组小鼠皮肤溃疡面积，用昆微镜观察溃疡面炎症细胞浸润情况。结果 和自身对照组相比，荆芥连翘汤可明显缩小小鼠皮肤溃疡面积（P〈0．001），同时炎症细胞浸润显著减少（P〈0．001）；荆芥连翘汤用药组疗效显著优于rhEGF用药组。结论 荆芥连翘汤可明显促进小鼠皮肤溃疡的愈合。     

三根祛瘤方对结肠癌SW480细胞环氧化酶-2及核因子-κB的影响

目的探讨三根祛瘤方(简称三根方)对结肠癌细胞的作用机制。方法:采用不同浓度的三根方处理结肠癌SW480细胞后,以四唑盐比色试验检测细胞增殖,以westernblot检测环氧化酶-2蛋白水平,采用凝胶迁移率法检测核因子-κB活性。结果:三根方对结肠癌SW480细胞增殖具有较强的抑制作用。三根方能抑制环氧化酶-2蛋白水平的表达及抑制核因子-κB活性,且呈浓度依赖性。结论:三根方能够抑制结肠癌细胞的恶性增殖,其机制与抑制环氧化酶-2基因的表达及核因子-κB活性有关。