Effect of different modeling time on intestinal bacteria in letrozole induced PCOS rats

Objective: The differences of ovarian morphology, reproductive hormones, glucose and lipid metabolism and intestinal bacteria in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) induced by triazole were compared. Method: Eighteen 21 SPF female SD rats were randomly divided into group A (3-week group), group B (5-week group) and group D (control group) by random number table.Group A received letrozole + CMC-Na mixture by gavage in the first 3 weeks and CMC-Na solution by gavage in the last 2 weeks, group B received letrozole + CMC-Na mixture by gavage for 5 weeks, and group D received CMC-Na solution by gavage for 5 weeks, and all three groups of rats were fed with normal diet.At the end of gavage, the body weight of rats in each group was observed, the histological changes of ovaries were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, the serum levels of estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose (Glu), fasting insulin (FINS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the LH/FSH ratio and insulin resistance index (HOMA IR) were calculated; the intestinal bacteria of rats were detected by 16S rRNA technique. Result: 1. Comparison of ovary histomorphology: Under light microscope, multiple luteum and oocytes were observed in mature follicles in group D, and granulosa cells were orderly arranged and multilayered, without cystic dilated follicles. There were no mature follicles in the ovarian tissues of group A and GROUP B. The follicles were irregular in structure and more cystic dilated follicles were visible. The number of granular cells in some follicles decreased or even disappeared. 2. Comparison of sex hormone levels: compared with group D, T level in group B was significantly increased (P < 0.001), and T level in group A had an upward trend (P > 0.05); The LH/FSH levels in group A and B were significantly increased (P < 0.001; P < 0.001). Compared with group A, E2 in group B was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and T was significantly increased (P < 0.01). 3. Comparison of glucose and lipid metabolism levels: Compared with group D, TC levels in groups A and B were significantly increased (P < 0.01; P < 0.01). Compared with group A, TG in group B was significantly increased (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in Glu, FINS and HOMA-IR levels among all groups. 4. Comparison of LPS levels: Compared with group D, the serum LPS levels of rats in groups A and B were significantly increased (P < 0.001; P < 0.01). 5. Intestinal flora analysis and comparison: At the phylum level, compared with group D, the abundance of Firmicutes in group B increased (P < 0.01), Firmicutes in group A showed an upward trend (P > 0.05), and the abundance of Bacteroidetes in groups A and B decreased (P < 0.05). At the genus level, compared with group D, Lactobacillus in group B increased (P < 0.01). The results of LEfSe analysis showed that there were differences in the composition of various intestinal bacteria among the three groups (LDA > 3).Conclusion: The phenotype of PCOS rats was related to the length of modeling, and the phenotypic characteristics of PCOS in rats at 5 weeks of modeling were more typical than those in rats at 3 weeks of modeling; PCOS can cause changes in intestinal flora, and the changes in the structure of intestinal flora between groups are related to different modeling duration.     

The evaluation of gastrointestinal function in diabetic patients

Ｎｏｗａｄａｙｓ,ａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｏｐｔｉｏｎｓａｒｅａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅｆｏｒｔｈｅａｓｅｓｍｅｎｔｏｆｇａｓｔｒｉｃｍｏｔｏｒｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｕｓ,ａｇｌｏｂａｌｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｇａｓｔｒｉｃｍｏｔｏｒｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｍａｙｂｅｏｂ...     

神经刺激仪定位在老年桡骨骨折手术患者行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞麻醉中的应用价值

目的 探讨神经刺激仪定位用于老年桡骨骨折患者行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞麻醉效果。 方法 选择行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞老年桡骨骨折患者100例,随机分为S组(50例)和P组(50例),分别在神经刺激仪和传统异感法定位下予罗哌卡因行神经阻滞,比较两组患者麻醉效果及满意度。 结果 S组操作,臂丛感觉神经阻滞起效、完善及运动神经阻滞起效时间均短于P组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);S组麻醉满意度优于P组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 神经刺激仪定位应用于老年患者行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞,安全有效。     

A new thrombolytic agent,monteplase, is independent of the plasminogen activator inhibitor in patients with acute myocardial infarction: initial results of the COmbining Monteplase with Angioplasty (COMA) trial

Background Both thrombolytic therapy and coronary angioplasty have been inconsistent together for primary acute myocardial infarction (AMI) therapy, because conventional thrombolytic agents accelerate plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity. However, combining newly developed mutant tissue-type plasminogen activators with coronary angioplasty should be reconsidered. Methods This study was designed to investigate clinical usefulness of such an agent, monteplase, for treatment of AMI in light of PAI-1 kinetics. One hundred fifty-four consecutive patients with AMI were randomly assigned to receive direct coronary angioplasty (Group I) or coronary angioplasty after pretreatment with intravenous monteplase (Group II). In 90 of these patients, total PAI-1 antigen levels were serially measured. Results Baseline PAI-1 levels at admission were higher in patients with occluded infarct-related arteries than in patients with patent arteries in Group I (39 ± 4 vs 20 ± 2 ng/mL, P < .01) and in Group II (36 ± 3 vs 27 ± 2 ng/mL, P < .05). In the high PAI-1 level subgroup (≥27 ng/mL, n = 53), Group II showed a higher patency rate than Group I (56 vs 18%, P < .01). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that patency could be predicted by the PAI-1 level in Group I (Wald χ²= 3.94, P = .02, odds ratio 0.924, 95% CI 0.855-0.999), but not in Group II. Serial change patterns in the PAI-1 level were identical in Group I and Group II. Conclusion Because monteplase can be used independently of PAI-1 kinetics, a combination of monteplase administration at a community hospital with prompt transfer to a tertiary center for coronary intervention may be a powerful strategy for AMI. (Am Heart J 2002;144:e5.)     

Genomic alterations as mediators of miRNA dysregulation in ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Serous epithelial ovarian cancer (SEOC) is the most common and aggressive histological subtype. Widespread genomic alterations go hand‐in‐hand with aberrant DNA damage signaling and are a hallmark of high‐grade SEOC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNA molecules that are nonrandomly distributed in the genome. They are frequently located in chromosomal regions susceptible to copy number variation (CNV) associated with malignancy that can influence their expression. Widespread changes in miRNA expression have been reported in multiple cancer types including ovarian cancer. This review examines CNV and single nucleotide polymorphisms, two common types of genomic alterations that occur in ovarian cancer, in the context of their influence on the expression of miRNA and the ability of miRNA to bind to and regulate their target genes. This includes genes encoding proteins involved in DNA repair and the maintenance of genomic stability. Improved understanding of mechanisms of miRNA dysregulation and the role of miRNA in ovarian cancer will provide further insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of this disease. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A review in enormity of OCT and its enduring understanding of vulnerable plaque in coronary bifurcation lesion

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as one of the most promising tools to assist the optimization of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Its ability to provide unique information on the plaque at high risk for rupture, plaque composition, the thickness of the fibrous cap, the presence of macrophage and thrombi has not only assisted simple PCI but also in many complex bifurcation lesions PCI. OCT has helped to provide valuable anatomic information to optimize stent implantation and adapt PCI strategy in individual patients. This review article summarizes the current role of OCT as an imaging technology and prediction of vulnerable plaque, its site and composition at the coronary bifurcation lesions for supporting the clinical decision.     

Carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy in the treatment of symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term and intermediate- to long-term efficacy and safety of carotid artery stenting (CAS) compared with carotid endarterectomy (CEA).Materials and Methods: The published literature was electronically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) between CAS and CEA for the treatment of carotid stenosis performed from January 2000 to January 2017. The short-term and intermediate- to long-term outcomes were evaluated.Results: We identified 10 RCTs including 7,183 participants with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Our meta-analysis found different results between the patients with and those without symptoms. In patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis, the total stroke incidence in the CAS group was significantly higher than that in the CEA group within the 30-day periprocedural period (p<0.001); however, the myocardial infarction incidence in the CAS group was significantly lower than that in the CEA group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mortality within 30 days post-procedure, but the intermediate- to long-term incidence of stroke or death in the CAS group was higher than that of the CEA group (p<0.05). In contrast, for asymptomatic patients, there were no significant differences between the CAS and CEA groups in the short- and intermediate- to long-term outcomes.Conclusion: For patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis, CEA is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, whereas CAS is correlated with an increased risk of procedurally related strokes. However, for patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis, no significant difference was found in the efficacy or safety between CAS and CEA.