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Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Efficacy of High-Frequency Rhythmic Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Endogenous Depressive Disorders at Juvenile Age

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - Objectives. To seek neurophysiological predictors of the effi cacy of rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal...     

Klagebefugnis von Organmitgliedern berufsständischer Kammern gegen Aufsichtsmaßnahmen

Zusammenfassung  Einzelne Mitglieder der Kammerversammlung einer berufsst?ndischen Kammer sind gegen eine an die Kammer gerichtete aufsichtsbeh?rdliche Anordnung, einen bestimmten Satzungsentwurf zu beschlie?en, nicht klagebefugt.     

The Cys allele (the Ser311Cys polymorphism) of the dopamine d2 receptor is associated with schizophrenia and impairments to selective attention in patients

We report here our studies of the Ser311Cys polymorphism of the D2 dopamine receptor gene in 366 patients with schizophrenia and 387 control subjects. The incidence of the Cys allele was found to be greater (p < 0.009) among patients than controls (8.5% and 3.9%, respectively). Selective attention was also studied on the basis of assessment of parameters of the P300 wave of auditory evoked potentials in 66 patients with different genotypes – SerSer and SerCys (the CysCys genotype was not seen among the patients). This revealed a significant influence of genotype (p = 0.01) on the latent period (LP) of the P300 wave in the frontal, central and temporal leads. In carriers of the Cys allele, which is associated with the risk of developing schizophrenia, LP was longer than in subjects with other genotypes, which is evidence for slowing of mental processes associated with activation of attention resources in these subjects. Thus, the results obtained here support data obtained previously for other populations showing that the Cys allele is associated with schizophrenia, and we also observed an association between this allele and degradation of selective attention in patients.     

Evaluation of clinico-radiological, bacteriological, serological, molecular and histological diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis

Background:

The diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis is clinico-radiological in endemic areas. However every patient does not have the classical picture. Osteoarticular tuberculosis is a paucibacillary disease hence bacteriological diagnosis is possible in 10-30% of the cases. The present study is undertaken to correlate clinico-radiological, bacteriological, serological, molecular and histological diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty clinico-radiologically diagnosed patients of osteoarticular tuberculosis with involvement of dorsal spine (n = 35), knee (n = 8), shoulder (n = 1), elbow (n = 2) and lumbar spine lesion (n = 4), were analyzed. Tissue was obtained after decompression in 35 cases of dorsal spine and fine needle aspiration in the remaining 15 cases. Tissue obtained was subjected to AFB staining, AFB culture sensitivity, aerobic/anaerobic culture sensitivity histopathological examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 16srRNA as primer. Serology was performed by ELISA in 27 cases of dorsal spine at admission and one and three months postoperatively.

Results:

AFB staining (direct) and AFB culture sensitivity was positive in six (12%) cases. Aerobic/anaerobic culture sensitivity was negative in all cases. Histology was positive for TB in all the cases. The PCR was positive in 49 (98%) cases. All dorsal spine tuberculosis cases showed fall of IgM titer and rise of IgG titer at three months as compared to values at admission.

Conclusion:

Histopathology and PCR was diagnostic in all cases of osteoarticular tuberculosis. The serology alone is not diagnostic.     

Association study of three polymorphisms in the dopamine D2 receptor gene and schizophrenia in the Russian population

Polymorphisms in the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) have repeatedly been associated with schizophrenia. Recently, the C957T polymorphism (rs6277), which alters mRNA stability and dopamine-induced upregulation of DRD2 expression in cell cultures and DRD2 mRNA translation in vitro, was tested for an association with the disease. Frequency of the C allele, corresponding to a normal wild-type level of expression, was higher in patients compared to controls, and that of the T allele was lower. To replicate and extend previous findings, we conducted an association study of the C957T polymorphism and two additional SNPs (C939T and TaqIA) in 311 patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia and 364 mentally healthy people from the Russian population as controls. The results of our study confirmed the association between the C957T polymorphism and schizophrenia. Consistent with previous findings, frequency of the C allele and the CC genotype were higher in patients compared to the control group (p = 0.002). Meta-analysis of total 5 samples also suggests significant allelic association. The distribution of C939T genotypes in the case sample was significantly different from that of the controls: in the case sample, the TT genotype frequency was higher compared to the combined frequency of CT and CC genotypes (p = 0.002). Though no association was found between the TaqIA polymorphism and schizophrenia, a haplotype-wise analysis revealed a lower frequency of the T–C (C957T–TaqIA) haplotype in patients (p = 0.02). In conclusion, our findings provide additional evidence for an association between the C957T polymorphism and schizophrenia.     

Leukocyte elastase and autoantibodies to nerve growth factor in the acute phase of schizophrenia and their relationship to symptomatology.

Many investigations suggest that abnormalities of the immune system are involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We recently found increased activity of leukocyte elastase (LE) and elevated levels of autoantibodies to neurospecific protein - nerve growth factor (Aab to NGF) - products of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system in the serum of patients with acute stage schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to elucidate whether or not the changes of LE activity and Aab to NGF level are related to prominent features of schizophrenia. Patients (n=71) corresponding to ICD-10 criteria for relapse-remitting schizophrenia were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Patients with predominantly positive symptoms showed significantly elevated serum levels of Aab to NGF compared to patients with predominantly negative symptoms, who were more likely to exhibit the high LE activity. Moreover, progression of positive symptoms was coupled with gradual increase of Aab to NGF level and reduction of LE activity. Based on these findings we conclude that the high levels of Aab to NGF relate to a clinical picture characterised mainly by positive symptoms of schizophrenia, whereas high LE-activities relate to a clinical picture with mainly negative symptoms of schizophrenia.