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101.
102.
Daily variability in serum levels of calciprotein particles and their association with mineral metabolism parameters: A cross‐sectional pilot study 下载免费PDF全文
103.
Tetsuro Tsujimoto Ritsuko Yamamoto-Honda Hiroshi Kajio Miyako Kishimoto Hiroshi Noto Remi Hachiya Akio Kimura Masafumi Kakei Mitsuhiko Noda 《Medicine》2014,93(23)
Blood glucose control in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is reportedly influenced by the seasons, with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels decreasing in the summer or warm season and increasing in the winter or cold season. In addition, several studies have shown that sepsis is also associated with the seasons. Although both blood glucose control and sepsis can strongly affect the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia, few studies have examined the seasonal variation of severe hypoglycemia. The aim of the present study is to examine the association between severe hypoglycemia and the seasons in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM). We retrospectively reviewed all the patients with severe hypoglycemia at a national center in Japan between April 1, 2006 and March 31, 2012. A total of 57,132 consecutive cases that had visited the emergency room by ambulance were screened, and 578 eligible cases of severe hypoglycemia were enrolled in this study. The primary outcome was to assess the seasonality of severe hypoglycemia. In the T1DM group (n = 88), severe hypoglycemia occurred significantly more often in the summer than in the winter (35.2% in summer vs 18.2% in winter, P = 0.01), and the HbA1c levels were highest in the winter and lowest in the summer (9.1% [7.6%–10.1%] in winter vs 7.7% [7.1%–8.3%] in summer, P = 0.13). In the non-DM group (n = 173), severe hypoglycemia occurred significantly more often in the winter than in the summer (30.6% in winter vs 19.6% in summer, P = 0.01), and sepsis as a complication occurred significantly more often in winter than in summer (24.5% in winter vs 5.9% in summer, P = 0.02). In the T2DM group (n = 317), the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia and the HbA1c levels did not differ significantly among the seasons. The occurrence of severe hypoglycemia might be seasonal and might fluctuate with temperature changes. Patients should be treated more carefully during the season in which severe hypoglycemia is more common. 相似文献
104.
Kazunori Manaka Masanori Nakata Kenju Shimomura Rauza S. Rita Yuko Maejima Masashi Yoshida Katsuya Dezaki Masafumi Kakei Toshihiko Yada 《The journal of physiological sciences : JPS》2014,64(1):77-83
Hyperinsulinemia is one of the reported side effects of valproic acid (VPA), a medicine used to treat epilepsy. However, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. The present study was designed to investigate a direct effect of VPA on insulin secretion by using mouse pancreactic islets and β-cells. VPA had no acute effect on insulin secretion from islets, or on cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in single β-cells. However, following long-term exposure to VPA (48 h), both basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion were markedly elevated (5-fold), while the insulin gene expression level was unaltered. Following long-term exposure to VPA, β-cells showed a decrease in whole cell KATP channel current. However, the increase in [Ca2+]i in response to the sulfonylurea drug, tolbutamide was attenuated. The present study shows that VPA has no acute effects, but long-term treatment results in enhancement of both basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. This long-term effect may mediate the KATP channel, while VPA can also attenuate the effect of the KATP channel blocker tolbutamide. 相似文献
105.
Narita T Sasaki H Hosoba M Miura T Yoshioka N Morii T Shimotomai T Koshimura J Fujita H Kakei M Ito S 《Diabetes care》2004,27(5):1176-1181
OBJECTIVE: Increased urinary excretions of several plasma proteins with different molecular radii <55 A and different isoelectric points (pI), such as IgG, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, and orosomucoid, have been independently reported to precede the development of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients. We examined whether increases in urinary excretions of these proteins would be in parallel in the same patient. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Urinary excretion rates of proteins mentioned above in timed overnight urine samples were evaluated in 61 normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients (group D) aged 40-60 years and in 17 age-matched control subjects (group C). RESULTS: The excretion rates of these proteins were significantly higher in group D than in group C. These exhibited a strong linear correlation with each other and had a weak correlation with the excretion rate of N-acethylglucosaminidase. The excretion rate of alpha2-macroglobulin with large molecular radii of 88 A was not different between groups C and D, nor did they have any correlations with the excretion rates of the other proteins. Creatinine clearance and blood pressure levels in group D were significantly higher than those in group C. CONCLUSIONS: In normoalbuminuric diabetic patients, excretion rates of plasma proteins with molecular radii <55 A increased in parallel with each other. In view of our previous finding that urinary excretions of these plasma proteins selectively increased in parallel with enhanced glomerular filtration rate after acute protein loading, the present finding may be explained by renal hemodynamic changes, such as increased intraglomerular hydraulic pressure. 相似文献
106.
Mica Ohara-Imaizumi Hail Kim Masashi Yoshida Tomonori Fujiwara Kyota Aoyagi Yukiko Toyofuku Yoko Nakamichi Chiyono Nishiwaki Tadashi Okamura Toyoyoshi Uchida Yoshio Fujitani Kimio Akagawa Masafumi Kakei Hirotaka Watada Michael S. German Shinya Nagamatsu 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2013,110(48):19420-19425
In preparation for the metabolic demands of pregnancy, β cells in the maternal pancreatic islets increase both in number and in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) per cell. Mechanisms have been proposed for the increased β cell mass, but not for the increased GSIS. Because serotonin production increases dramatically during pregnancy, we tested whether flux through the ionotropic 5-HT3 receptor (Htr3) affects GSIS during pregnancy. Pregnant Htr3a−/− mice exhibited impaired glucose tolerance despite normally increased β cell mass, and their islets lacked the increase in GSIS seen in islets from pregnant wild-type mice. Electrophysiological studies showed that activation of Htr3 decreased the resting membrane potential in β cells, which increased Ca2+ uptake and insulin exocytosis in response to glucose. Thus, our data indicate that serotonin, acting in a paracrine/autocrine manner through Htr3, lowers the β cell threshold for glucose and plays an essential role in the increased GSIS of pregnancy.Pregnancy places unique demands on the metabolism of the mother. As the pregnancy progresses and the nutrient requirements of the fetus increase, rising levels of placental hormones reduce maternal insulin sensitivity, thereby maintaining the maternal/fetal gradient of glucose and the flow of nutrients to the fetus. The mother balances the resulting increase in insulin demand with structural and functional changes in the islets that generate increased and hyperdynamic insulin secretion. β cell numbers increase, the threshold for glucose decreases, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) increases (1–3). Failure to reach this balance of insulin demand with insulin production results in gestational diabetes (4).However, the changes in the maternal islets are not simply a response to increased insulin demand, as they precede the development of insulin resistance. Instead, these changes correlate more closely with levels of circulating maternal lactogens (prolactin and placental lactogen) that signal through the prolactin receptor on the β cell (5–9). Downstream of the prolactin receptor, multiple pathway components have been identified that contribute to the maternal increase in β cell mass (10–16), but not the changes in GSIS.In response to the lactogen signaling during pregnancy, levels of both isoforms of tryptophan hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), rise dramatically in the islet (13, 17, 18). Islet serotonin acts in an autocrine/paracrine manner through the Gαq-coupled serotonin receptor 5-HT2b receptor (Htr2b) to increase β cell proliferation and mass at midgestation and through Gαi-coupled 5-HT1d receptor (Htr1d) to reduce β cell mass at the end of gestation (13). These dynamic changes in 5-HT receptor (Htr) expression can explain the shifts in β cell proliferation during pregnancy.In addition to Htr2b and Htr1d, β cells also express Htr3a and Htr3b (13). Unlike the 12 other Htr genes in the mouse genome, which encode G-protein coupled serotonin receptors, Htr3a and Htr3b encode subunits of the serotonin-gated cation channel Htr3 (19, 20). Five identical Htr3a subunits or a mixture of Htr3a and Htr3b make up a functional Htr3 channel (21). The channel is predominantly Na+- and K+-selective, and its opening in response to serotonin actives an inward current and depolarizes the cell membrane (22, 23). Glucose also depolarizes β cells: Rising ATP from glucose catabolism depolarizes the cell by closing ATP-sensitive K+ channels, which causes Ca2+ to enter the cell through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and trigger insulin granule exocytosis (24).Therefore, we tested the possibility that Htr3 may regulate β cell insulin secretion during pregnancy. We found that lactogen-induced serotonin in the pregnant islet acts through Htr3 to depolarize β cells, thereby lowering the threshold for glucose and enhancing GSIS during pregnancy. 相似文献
107.
We propose a new method to provide a functional interpretation of motor commands (i.e., muscle activities) and their relationship to movement kinematics. We evaluated our method by analyzing the motor commands of normal controls and patients with cerebellar disorders for visually guided tracking movement of the wrist joint. Six control subjects and six patients with cerebellar disorders participated in this study. We asked the subjects to perform visually guided smooth tracking movement of the wrist joint with a manipulandum, and recorded the movements of the wrist joint and activities of the four wrist prime movers with surface electrodes. We found a symmetric relationship between the second-order linear equation of motion for the wrist joint and the linear sum of activities of the four wrist prime movers. The symmetric relationship determined a set of parameters to characterize the muscle activities and their similarity to the components of movement kinematics of the wrist joint. We found that muscle activities of the normal controls encoded both the velocity and the position of the moving target, resulting in precise tracking of the target. In contrast, muscle activities of the cerebellar patients were characterized by a severer impairment for velocity control and more dependence on position control, resulting in poor tracking of the smoothly moving target with many step-like awkward movements. Our results suggest that the cerebellum plays an important role in the generation of motor commands for smooth velocity and position control. 相似文献
108.
Fujita H Koshimura J Sato T Miura T Sasaki H Morii T Narita T Kakei M Ito S Yamada Y 《Renal failure》2007,29(7):791-796
To explore the renoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of pravastatin, we analyzed the changes in renal function and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) level as a renal tubulointerstitial inflammatory biomarker and serum MCP-1 level as a systemic inflammatory biomarker following the introduction of treatment with 10 mg/day of pravastatin in 10 hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria. Twelve months of the pravastatin treatment did not affect urinary levels of albumin, transferrin, N-acetylglucosaminidase, or MCP-1 in the hyperlipidemic diabetic patients, whereas the treatment significantly reduced serum levels of MCP-1 in the patients. The pravastatin treatment effectively lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the hyperlipidemic diabetic patients to levels nearly to those in 11 non-hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria. Interestingly, serum MCP-1 levels were significantly lower in the hyperlipidemic patients treated with pravastatin than in the non-hyperlipidemic patients. No significant correlation was observed between serum LDL-C and MCP-1 levels in all the data in the hyperlipidemic patients before and after the pravastatin treatment and in the non-hyperlipidemic patients. These results collectively indicate that pravastatin may ameliorate systemic vascular inflammation rather than local renal inflammation in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria, independent of its cholesterol-lowering effects. 相似文献
109.
Tsujita N Yamaguchi S Murakami R Hattori T Maruyama M Nakaguchi Y Kakei K Saito T Teshima K 《Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai zasshi》2011,67(12):1559-1564
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of setup error and anatomical change on dose distribution during conventional radiation therapy. We performed regional irradiation (Plan1) using opposing pair fields, and then we planned local irradiation (Plan2) with a computed tomography (CT) acquired at that time in 10 patients with advanced oral cancer. To consider the setup error, a minimum dose of gross tumor volume (GTV) and a maximum dose for the spinal cord were re-calculated with isocenter shifts of ±5 mm. We also evaluated an alteration of reference dose due to anatomical changes during radiation therapy. A minimum dose of GTV was decreased with isocenter shifts; the trend was stronger in Plan2 than Plan1 (-5.7% vs. -1.2%, p=0.02). Similarly, a maximum dose of spinal cord was increased with isocenter shifts, especially in Plan2 (12.2% vs. 0.5%, p<0.01). Anatomical changes during radiation therapy were observed in all patients, and the mean difference for depth was -4 mm in Plan1; the reference dose was increased in Plan1 and Plan2. Precise setup is necessary, especially for local irradiation in spite of anatomical changes during radiation therapy. Reimaging and replanning are recommended for patients with marked anatomical changes. 相似文献
110.
Dezaki K Damdindorj B Sone H Dyachok O Tengholm A Gylfe E Kurashina T Yoshida M Kakei M Yada T 《Diabetes》2011,60(9):2315-2324