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21.
22.
Patti Besuner RN MN CNS Steven Imhoff RN MSN CNP 《Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews》2007,7(4):211-215
Complete and accurate knowledge is critical to parent decision making for families with complex and/or life-threatening fetal conditions. Comprehensive fetal centers are available to provide multidisciplinary specialized assessment, evaluation, diagnosis, and nondirectional counseling. Interventional option may include fetoscopic procedures, open fetal surgery, and ex utero intrapartum treatment. The nurse coordinator serves as the family and health care provider liaison for arrangement of services and communication of the plan of care. 相似文献
23.
topic . How impaired personal boundaries play a significant role in mental illnesses and co-dependency.
purpose . To demonstrate the value of having a formal nursing diagnosis of "impaired personal boundaries."
source . A concept analysis of personal boundaries, which describes the physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions of personal boundaries.
conclusion . The author recommends a new nursing diagnosis of "impaired personal boundaries," which provides a basis for the plan of care for clients with this difficulty. 相似文献
purpose . To demonstrate the value of having a formal nursing diagnosis of "impaired personal boundaries."
source . A concept analysis of personal boundaries, which describes the physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions of personal boundaries.
conclusion . The author recommends a new nursing diagnosis of "impaired personal boundaries," which provides a basis for the plan of care for clients with this difficulty. 相似文献
24.
Achkar JM Burda ST Konings FA Urbanski MM Williams CA Seifen D Kahirimbanyi MN Vogler M Parta M Lupatkin HC Zolla-Pazner S Nyambi PN 《Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)》2004,36(3):835-844
OBJECTIVE: To document infection with HIV type 1 (HIV-1) group M non-B subtypes in individuals living in New York City. DESIGN: From October 1999 through April 2003, HIV-1-seropositive individuals were selected from 3 clinics in New York City based on having risk factors for infection with HIV-1 non-B subtypes. METHODS: HIV-1 RNA was extracted from plasma samples, and partial gag, pol, or env genes were amplified by PCR analysis. The infecting HIV-1 group M subtype was determined based on results of either heteroduplex mobility assay or sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: Ninety-seven subjects were enrolled in the study. Of the 97 subjects, 91 (94%) were selected based on having emigrated from a non-European country, while 6 (6%) were native United States citizens. Subtypes were successfully determined in 53 (55%) of the 97 plasma samples tested. The subtypes in 2 plasma samples were unclassifiable. HIV-1 infections were classified as those due to the following group M subtypes: A (n = 4; 7%), B (n = 12; 22%), C (n = 8; 15%), F (n = 2; 4%), CRF01_AE-like (n = 7; 13%), CRF02_AG-like (n = 19; 34%), an intersubtype recombinant form G/A (n = 1; 2%), and unclassifiable viruses (n = 2; 4%). CONCLUSION: This study reveals infection with a broad variety of HIV-1 group M subtypes mostly in the immigrant population of New York City as well as how several non-B subtypes are being introduced into the United States. 相似文献
25.
Community participation in primary health care (PHC) programmes: lessons from tuberculosis treatment delivery in South Africa 下载免费PDF全文
Background
Currently, there is renewed interest in the role community participation can play in Primary Health Care (PHC) programmes such as the delivery of effective anti-TB treatment to patients in high-burden settings.Objectives
To explore the feasibility of community participation in a high-burden Tuberculosis Control Programme and to establish how supervision of treatment by lay volunteers compares with other methods of tuberculosis treatment delivery in the Northern Cape province of South Africa.Methods
Prospective study involving 769 patients with confirmed pulmonary TB who were followed-up over a one-year period. Questionnaire interviews were also carried out with 135 lay volunteers participating in the TB programme.Results
One-third of the TB patients in the study received their treatment from lay volunteers in the community. Treatment outcomes for new patients supervised from the community were found to be equivalent to those who received treatment through other modes of treatment delivery (RR=1.04[0.94–1.16], p=0.435). For the re-treatment patients, community-based treatment was found to be superior (RR=5.89[2.30–15.09], p<0.001), to self-administered therapy.Conclusions
Health care planners should consider community participation as a viable way of ensuring accessibility and effectiveness in PHC programmes. There is need for more research into ways of achieving sustainability in resource-limited but high disease burden settings. 相似文献26.
Acute rejection is a major determinant of chronic allograft dysfunction and graft survival. This study evaluated the effect of basiliximab (Simulect® ), a 156-kDa chimeric monoclonal antibody (human and murine) directed against the alpha chain of the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor of human lymphocytes, on acute rejection in pediatric renal transplantation. Data were collected from two pediatric renal transplantation centers. Forty transplantations (22 males and 18 females; mean age 14.8±3.6 years) were performed between 1996 and 2001. Twelve of the grafts came from cadaveric donors and 28 from living-related donors. Twenty-four of the patients were on hemodialysis, 15 were on peritoneal dialysis, and one case was a pre-emptive transplantation. All patients were placed on triple-drug immunosuppression [prednisolone + (azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil) +(cyclosporine or tacrolimus)]. Basiliximab was also administered in 17 cases. The respective rates of biopsy-proven acute rejection in the basiliximab group and the standard-regimen group were 0% vs. 17.4% ( P >0.05) at 1 month post-transplantation; 0% vs. 26.1% ( P <0.05) at 3 months; and 0% vs. 26.1% ( P <0.05) at 6 months. Thirty and 16 patients had completed 1- and 3-year follow ups, respectively, at the time of writing; the 1- and 3-year graft survival rates were 96% (29/30) and 81% (13/16), respectively.
Basiliximab significantly reduced the rates of acute rejection at 3- and 6 months post-pediatric renal transplantation. It was well tolerated by all patients, and caused no significant adverse effects. The effect of basiliximab on long-term graft survival and chronic allograft dysfunction deserves further investigation. 相似文献
Basiliximab significantly reduced the rates of acute rejection at 3- and 6 months post-pediatric renal transplantation. It was well tolerated by all patients, and caused no significant adverse effects. The effect of basiliximab on long-term graft survival and chronic allograft dysfunction deserves further investigation. 相似文献
27.
Hussan Zeb RN BSN MSPH Ahtisham Younas RN BSN MN Israr Ahmed RN BSN Anwar Ali MBBS FCPS MRCP 《Health & social care in the community》2021,29(5):e174-e183
Self-care enables patients in improving quality of life and reducing hospital admissions. Research explored the experiences of patients about breathlessness, sleep problems and complication management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the self-care experiences and the role of the family in self-care are underexplored. This study aimed to understand the self-care experiences of patients with COPD and explore the role of the family in self-care. An interpretive phenomenological inquiry was used, and 13 patients were interviewed in 2019 from two hospitals in Pakistan. The inclusion criteria were patients above 30 years of age at any stage of COPD, who received a confirmed diagnosis of COPD and were receiving the treatment, and engaged in self-care at their homes or communities. The interviews lasted for 35–60 min. Ricoeur's interpretation theory was used for data analysis comprising steps explanation, naive understanding and in-depth understanding. Self-care emerged as a complex individual and familial endeavour affected by personal, social and economic factors. Poverty was one of the core determinants of self-care. Patients emphasised the spiritual, cultural and traditional approaches to self-care. Future research is warranted to develop better understanding of spiritual and cultural self-care and how these dimensions of self-care affect patients’ self-care behaviours. 相似文献
28.
R.BRIAN HAYNES PhD PENNY KRIS-ETHERTON PhD RD DAVID A McCARRON MD SUZANNE OPARIL MD ALAN CHAIT MD LAWRENCE M RESNICK MD CYNTHIA D MORRIS PhD SHARON CLARK PhD DANIEL C HATTON PhD JILL A METZ PhD MARGARET McMAHON MN SCOTT HOLCOMB MS GEOFFREY W SNYDER MS F.XAVIER PI-SUNYER MD JUDITH S STERN ScD RD 《Journal of the American Dietetic Association》1999,99(9):1077-1083
29.
E. Louise R. Phillips MN Ruth E. Little ScD Robert S. Hillman MD Robert F. Labbe PhD Caryl Campbell BS 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》1984,8(2):233-237
The sweat patch is a new, noninvasive method designed to estimate the ethanol consumption of drinking subjects. It consists of salt-impregnated absorbent pads protected by a plastic chamber with attached water-tight adhesive. The patch reportedly collects transepidermal fluid at a steady rate for up to 10 days. Recent laboratory research has indicated a linear relationship between the concentration of ethanol in transepidermal fluid and mean concentration of ethanol in blood. Levels of ethanol in the sweat patch allowed identification of persons drinking at least 0.5 g of ethanol/kg/day with 100% sensitivity and specificity. The study reported here was conducted to test the field effectiveness of this sweat patch in normal, active research subjects. First, several pretests were conducted to determine the optimal location of the patch on the body and its fluid uptake at various sites. A laboratory experiment using nonalcoholic subjects was conducted to replicate previous work, and methods of measuring ethanol concentration in the patch were refined. A field test of the patch was then carried out. Healthy active volunteers drank a single "moderate" dose of ethanol (0.5 g of ETOH/kg of body weight) and then remained abstinent for the next 3 days. A week later, a "heavy" dose (1.0/kg of body weight) was consumed. Only a trace of ethanol was detected in any of the patches worn in either experiment. The patch did not measure ethanol in the transepidermal fluid under field conditions. Thus, further design modifications and pilot testing are required before the full benefits of this unobtrusive measure of drinking can be realized. 相似文献
30.
BA Evans IA Hughes CL Bevan MN Patterson JW Gregory 《Archives of disease in childhood》1997,76(6):529-531
The androgen insensitivity syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder with a wide spectrum of phenotypic abnormalities, ranging from complete female to ambiguous forms that more closely resemble males. The primary abnormality is a defective androgen receptor protein due to a mutation of the androgen receptor gene. This prevents normal androgen action and thus leads to impaired virilisation. A point mutation of the androgen receptor gene affecting two siblings with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome is described. One had cliteromegaly and labial fusion and was raised as a girl, whereas the other sibling had micropenis and penoscrotal hypospadias and was raised as a boy. Both were shown to have the arginine 840 to cysteine mutation. The phenotypic variation in this family is thus dependent on factors other than abnormalities of the androgen receptor gene alone. 相似文献