Leishmania infantum DNA detection in Phlebotomus tobbi in a new northern focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran

Objective

To identify the vector(s), the parasite and the species composition of sand flies in the district during May-October 2012.

Methods

For reaching our objectives we used polymerase chain reaction of kDNA, ITS1-rDNA, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results

Two species of Phlebotomus sergenti and Phlebotomus tobbi were the most prevalent among 8 species identified comprising 51.1% and 32.9% respectively. Among the 160 specimens of female sand flies tested by polymerase chain reaction of kDNA, ITS1-rDNA, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms, only 1 out of 80 Phlebotomus tobbi (1.25%) were positive to Leishmania infantum parasites.

Conclusions

Our finding showed that Phlebotomus tobbi may play as a vector to circulate the parasite of Leishmania infantum among reservoir(s) and human.     

Finite element analysis of different surgical approaches in various occlusal loading locations for zygomatic implant placement for the treatment of atrophic maxillae

The aim of this study was to compare two different types of surgical approaches, intrasinus and extramaxillary, for the placement of zygomatic implants to treat atrophic maxillae. A computational finite element simulation was used to analyze the strength of implant anchorage for both approaches in various occlusal loading locations. Three-dimensional models of the craniofacial structures surrounding a region of interest, soft tissue and framework were developed using computed tomography image datasets. The implants were modelled using computer-aided design software. The bone was assumed to be linear isotropic with a stiffness of 13.4GPa, and the implants were assumed to be made of titanium with a stiffness of 110GPa. Masseter forces of 300N were applied at the zygomatic arch, and occlusal loads of 150N were applied vertically onto the framework surface at different locations. The intrasinus approach demonstrated more satisfactory results and could be a viable treatment option. The extramaxillary approach could also be recommended as a reasonable treatment option, provided some improvements are made to address the cantilever effects seen with that approach.     

Serum prolidase activity,oxidative stress,and nitric oxide levels in patients with bladder cancer

Objectives

Prolidase is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family. It plays a major role in collagen turnover, matrix remodeling and cell growth. Nitric oxide (NO) regulates many processes such as collagen synthesis and matrix remodeling. Thus, NO may augment angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO levels in patients with bladder cancer and to determine their relationship with prolidase activity.

Design and methods

Thirty-five patients with bladder cancer and 32 controls were enrolled. Serum TAS, MDA, prolidase activity and NO levels were determined.

Results

Serum prolidase activity, NO levels and MDA levels were significantly higher in bladder cancer than controls (all, P < 0.05), while TAS levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our results show that increased prolidase seems to be associated with increased NO levels and oxidative stress along with decreased antioxidant levels in bladder cancer.

     

Degree of abnormality is associated with rate of change in measures of beta-amyloid,glucose metabolism and cognition in an autopsy-verified Alzheimer’s disease case

The degree of abnormality and rate of change in cognitive functions, positron emission tomography Pittsburg compound B (PET PIB), and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) measures were studied for 8 years in an autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patient, who died 61 years old (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score 7). At first encounter with medical care, the patient was very mildly demented (MMSE score 27). She had four cognitive assessments and two examinations with PET PIB and FDG in 23 bilateral brain regions. The onset of cognitive decline was retrospectively estimated to have started in the early forties. The degree of impairment was inversely related to the rate of decline. A similar relationship was seen between the rate of change and the level of abnormality in both PIB and FDG. To conclude, rate of change in cognition, PIB, and FDG was associated with the degree of abnormality.     

The outcome of endometrial ablation in women with inherited bleeding disorders

There are currently limited data on the use of endometrial ablation in the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) in women with inherited bleeding disorders (IBDs). A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed. Twelve women with IBDs who had received endometrial ablation for the treatment of HMB were identified and their records reviewed. Details of their menstrual history; quality of life (QOL) and amount of menstrual blood loss [as assessed by pictorial blood-loss assessment chart (PBAC) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration] pre and post-ablation were collected. Twelve women were included. The median duration of follow-up post-ablation was 32 months (range, 6-76). The median duration of menstruation decreased from 11 to 0 days after treatment (P = 0.004). Median PBAC scores decreased from 1208 preop to 0 post-ablation (P = 0.002).The median Hb concentrations (10.5-13.1 g dL(-1)) and QOL scores (median, 17-54) improved significantly after endometrial ablation (P < 0.01). Endometrial ablation appears to be a safe and effective long-term treatment for HMB in women with IDBs. It significantly decreases menstrual blood loss and improves QOL.     

Changes in the levels of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor in the puerperium

To determine changes in Factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand Factor (VWF) in the first 3 days of the puerperium. A prospective study assessing FVIII clotting activity, VWF activity and antigen levels in 95 women (with singleton uncomplicated pregnancies) during labour and on days 1, 2 and 3 of the puerperium. There were no significant differences in FVIII, VWF:Ag and VWF:CB on days 1 and 2 of the puerperium compared with levels during labour. There was a significant decrease in VWF:Ag (P = 0.009) and VWF:CB (P = 0.04) on day 3. Age, ethnicity, duration of labour and mode of delivery did not have any significant effect on the changes in FVIII and VWF levels. The pregnancy induced increase in FVIII and VWF is maintained in the first 48 h after delivery. VWF levels start to decline on day 3 postdelivery.     

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in patients with premature ejaculation: a pilot study

Purpose

The etiology of both adult-type ADHD and PE is not completely understood, but the studies revealing common etiologic factors for both conditions suggest a high likelihood of coexistence. We aimed to find out the prevalence of ADHD among adult males with lifetime PE.

Methods

The patients with lifetime PE were included in the study. Both patients and controls were evaluated with the 10-item premature ejaculation index of Althof and Rosen for premature ejaculation, Wender Utah rating scale (WURS) and Conner’s adult ADHD rating scales (CAARS) for determining the presence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder syndrome.

Results

A total of 38 patients and 27 controls were included in the study. Patient and control groups were similar in terms of age and (p < 0.878), but different IELT (p < 0.001). ADHD was detected in 16 (42.1 %) of patients with PE, while ADHD symptoms were detected in only 1 (3.7 %) of control patients. Distribution of patients in the study group according to ADHD types was as follows: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3 in 2 (5.3 %), 4 (10.5 %), and 10 (26.3 %) patients, respectively.

Conclusions

ADHD is significantly more frequent among patients with PE than controls. The close relationships between these two diseases must be examined by prospective studies.     

A rare inguinal mass: Round ligament leiomyoma

INTRODUCTIONLeiomyoma of the round ligament is a rare condition and usually appears like an inguinal hernia.PRESENTATION OF CASEWe report a case of a 40 year-old women found to have an inguinal mass which it was finally diagnosed as leiomyoma.The patient was admitted to our hospital with a history of painless groin mass. The mass was thought to be irreducible inguinal hernia. Surgical exploration demonstrated a round ligament leiomyoma.DISCUSSIONA smooth muscle tumor in the round ligament of the uterus in the inguinal region is a rare entity and can be mistaken for an irreducible inguinal hernia. It is a rare condition occurring predominantly in premenopausal middle-aged women. Abdominal, inguinal, and vulvar locations have been described. Surgical excision is the curative treatment.CONCLUSIONLeiomyoma of the round ligament should be entertained as a possible etiology of inguinal mass.