全文获取类型
收费全文 | 36016篇 |
免费 | 2637篇 |
国内免费 | 392篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 651篇 |
儿科学 | 579篇 |
妇产科学 | 553篇 |
基础医学 | 5787篇 |
口腔科学 | 1029篇 |
临床医学 | 3181篇 |
内科学 | 7054篇 |
皮肤病学 | 1300篇 |
神经病学 | 2910篇 |
特种医学 | 2007篇 |
外科学 | 4515篇 |
综合类 | 215篇 |
现状与发展 | 3篇 |
一般理论 | 10篇 |
预防医学 | 1688篇 |
眼科学 | 744篇 |
药学 | 3216篇 |
中国医学 | 534篇 |
肿瘤学 | 3069篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 210篇 |
2022年 | 648篇 |
2021年 | 1351篇 |
2020年 | 720篇 |
2019年 | 1028篇 |
2018年 | 1243篇 |
2017年 | 988篇 |
2016年 | 1405篇 |
2015年 | 1888篇 |
2014年 | 2021篇 |
2013年 | 2369篇 |
2012年 | 3471篇 |
2011年 | 3255篇 |
2010年 | 1971篇 |
2009年 | 1550篇 |
2008年 | 2217篇 |
2007年 | 1930篇 |
2006年 | 1689篇 |
2005年 | 1601篇 |
2004年 | 1320篇 |
2003年 | 1132篇 |
2002年 | 966篇 |
2001年 | 504篇 |
2000年 | 475篇 |
1999年 | 397篇 |
1998年 | 190篇 |
1997年 | 154篇 |
1996年 | 112篇 |
1995年 | 95篇 |
1994年 | 87篇 |
1993年 | 84篇 |
1992年 | 141篇 |
1991年 | 159篇 |
1990年 | 150篇 |
1989年 | 135篇 |
1988年 | 118篇 |
1987年 | 107篇 |
1986年 | 112篇 |
1985年 | 82篇 |
1984年 | 59篇 |
1983年 | 42篇 |
1982年 | 41篇 |
1979年 | 67篇 |
1978年 | 45篇 |
1977年 | 34篇 |
1975年 | 55篇 |
1974年 | 37篇 |
1972年 | 43篇 |
1971年 | 51篇 |
1970年 | 36篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
991.
Chan Ho Kim Hyung Jung Oh Mi Jung Lee Young Eun Kwon Yung Ly Kim Ki Heon Nam Kyoung Sook Park Seong Yeong An Kwang Il Ko Hyang Mo Koo Fa Mee Doh Seung Hyeok Han Tae-Hyun Yoo Beom Seok Kim Shin-Wook Kang Kyu Hun Choi 《Yonsei medical journal》2014,55(1):141-148
Purpose
The effect of different peritoneal dialysis (PD) modalities on the decline in residual renal function (RRF) is unclear due to inconsistencies among studies. In particular, the effect of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) modalities [continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) and nightly intermittent peritoneal dialysis (NIPD)] on RRF has not been examined in a large cohort.Materials and Methods
We conducted a single-center retrospective study to investigate the association between PD modalities and decline in RRF in 142 incident PD patients [34 on CCPD, 36 on NIPD, and 72 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)]. RRF was measured within 2 months from PD start and at 1 year after PD initiation.Results
The RRF at 1 year after PD initiation was 1.98±2.20 mL/min/1.73 m2 in CCPD patients and 3.63±3.67 mL/min/1.73 m2 in NIPD patients, which were moderately lower than 4.23±3.51 mL/min/1.73 m2 in CAPD patients (p=0.064). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the 1-year rate of decline of RRF between CCPD and NIPD patients, although APD patients had a faster 1-year RRF decline rate than CAPD patients (CCPD and NIPD vs. CAPD: -45.68 and -36.69 vs. 1.17%/year, p=0.045). APD was associated with a more rapid decline in RRF in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing PD, although multivariate analysis attenuated the significance of this finding (β=-31.50; 95% CI, -63.61 to 0.62; p=0.052).Conclusion
Our results suggest that CAPD might be more helpful than APD for preserving RRF during the first year of dialysis therapy, although there was no significant difference in the 1-year rate of decline of RRF between the two APD modalities. 相似文献992.
Seok Jin Hong Jong Kyu Lee Hyun Sub Lee Jung Yup Lee Jung Soo Pyo Kyung Chul Lee 《Yonsei medical journal》2014,55(6):1683-1690
Purpose
To analyze the outcome of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) after preoperative systemic steroid (PSS) treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyposis (NP) and to investigate and compare clinicopathological factors associated with the outcome.Materials and Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of 468 patients with CRS with NP who underwent primary ESS between January 2005 and October 2011. 124 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. Beginning from 2008, our clinic administered steroid preoperatively in patients of CRS with NP, thus there were 84 patients with preoperative systemic steroid (PSS group) and another 40 patients without such regimen (no PSS group). To evaluate the outcome after ESS, poor outcome and complication were analyzed according to the following parameters: age, sex, follow-up duration, eosinophilic infiltration, atopy, asthma, Lund-Mackay score, and polyp grade.Results
There was no significant difference in poor outcome rates between the PSS and no PSS group (35.0% vs. 47.6%, p=0.185). There was no significant difference in complication rates between the PSS and no PSS group (10% vs. 6%, p=0.468). As with the multivariate analysis of the clincopathological factors to the poor outcome rate, presence of asthma and eosinophilic infiltration were significantly related (odds ratio as 6.555 and 4.505, respectively), whereas PSS was confirmed as less likely related (odds ratio 0.611).Conclusion
Low dose PSS administration does not seem to have an effect on the outcome after ESS in patients who have CRS with NP. Eosinophilic infiltration and presence of asthma are important predictors of surgical outcome. 相似文献993.
Jae Phil Na Kyu Chul Shin Seunghwan Kim Yoo Seok Park Sung Phil Chung In Cheol Park Joon Min Park Min Joung Kim 《Yonsei medical journal》2014,55(3):617-624
Purpose
ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients may visit the emergency department (ED) complaining of sensations of pain other than the chest. We investigated our performance of reperfusion therapy for STEMI patients presenting with non-chest pains.Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective observational cohort study. STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were divided into a chest pain group and a non-chest pain group. Clinical differences between the two groups and the influence of presenting with non-chest pains on door-to-electrocardiograms (ECG) time, door-to-balloon time, and hospital mortality were evaluated.Results
Of the 513 patients diagnosed with STEMI, 93 patients presented with non-chest pains. Patients in the non-chest pain group were older, more often female, and had a longer symptom onset to ED arrival time and higher Killip class than patients in the chest pain group. There was a statistically significant delay in door-to-ECG time (median, 2.0 min vs. 5.0 min; p<0.001) and door-to-balloon time (median, 57.5 min vs. 65.0 min; p<0.001) in patients without chest pain. In multivariate analysis, presenting with non-chest pains was an independent predictor for hospital mortality (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-4.7). However, door-to-ECG time and door-to-balloon time were not factors related to hospital mortality.Conclusion
STEMI patients presenting without chest pain showed higher baseline risk and hospital mortality than patients presenting with chest pain. ECG acquisition and primary PCI was delayed for patients presenting with non-chest pains, but not influencing hospital mortality. Efforts to reduce pre-hospital time delay for these patients are necessary. 相似文献994.
Ji Hyun Jeon Ran Namgung Min Soo Park Koo In Park Chul Lee 《Yonsei medical journal》2014,55(1):113-117
Purpose
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of maternal inflammatory marker: C-reactive protein (CRP) in predicting early onset neonatal sepsis (that occurring within 72 hours after birth).Materials and Methods
126 low birth weight newborns (gestation 32±3.2 wk, birth weight 1887±623 g) and their mothers were included. Neonates were divided into sepsis group (n=51) including both proven (positive blood culture) and suspected (negative blood culture but with more than 3 abnormal clinical signs), and controls (n=75). Mothers were subgrouped into CRP positive ≥1.22 mg/dL (n=48) and CRP negative <1.22 mg/dL (n=78) group, determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic curves, and odds ratio was calculated for neonatal sepsis according to maternal condition.Results
Maternal CRP was significantly higher in neonatal sepsis group than in control (3.55±2.69 vs. 0.48±0.31 mg/dL, p=0.0001). Maternal CRP (cutoff value >1.22 mg/dL) had sensitivity 71% and specificity 84% for predicting neonatal sepsis. Maternal CRP positive group had more neonatal sepsis than CRP negative group (71% vs. 29%, p<0.001). Odds ratio of neonatal sepsis in maternal CRP positive group versus CRP negative group was 10.68 (95% confidence interval: 4.313-26.428, p<0.001).Conclusion
The risk of early onset neonatal sepsis significantly increased in the case of positive maternal CRP (≥1.22 mg/dL). In newborn of CRP positive mother, the clinician may be alerted to earlier evaluation for possible neonatal infection prior to development of sepsis. 相似文献995.
Soon Hyung Park Hee So Oh Ju Hyun Jeon Yong Ju Lee In Seok Moon Won-Sang Lee 《Yonsei medical journal》2014,55(1):19-24
Purpose
Tinnitus is a very common symptom of vestibular schwannoma, present in 45 to 80% of patients. We evaluated changes in tinnitus after translabyrinthine microsurgery (TLM) or gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS).Materials and Methods
Among 78 patients with vestibular schwannoma who underwent TLM or GKS at Severance Hospital from 2009-2012, 46 patients with pre- or postoperative tinnitus who agreed to participate were enrolled. Pure tone audiometry, tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for loudness, awareness, and annoyance were measured before and after treatment. Changes of THI and VAS were analysed and compared according to treatment modality, tumour volume, and preoperative residual hearing.Results
In the TLM group (n=27), vestibulocochlear nerves were definitely cut. There was a higher rate of tinnitus improvement in TLM group (52%) than GKS group (16%, p=0.016). The GKS group had a significantly higher rate of tinnitus worsening (74%) than TLM group (11%, p<0.001). Mean scores of THI and VAS scores significantly decreased in the TLM group in contrast to significant increases in the GKS group. Tumor volume and preoperative hearing did not affect the changes in THI or VAS.Conclusion
GKS can save vestibulocochlear nerve continuity but may damage the cochlea, cochlear nerve and can cause worsening tinnitus. In cases where hearing preservation is not intended, microsurgery with vestibulocochlear neurectomy during tumor removal can sometimes relieve or prevent tinnitus. 相似文献996.
Jin-Young Lee Seong-Hwan Moon Han Jo Kim Moon Soo Park Bo-Kyung Suh Ji Hoon Nam Jae Kyun Jung Hwan-Mo Lee 《Yonsei medical journal》2014,55(3):773-778
Purpose
School screening allows for early detection and early treatment of scoliosis, with the purpose of reducing the number of patients requiring surgical treatment. Children between 10 and 14 years old are considered as good candidates for school screening tests of scoliosis. The purpose of the present study was to assess the epidemiological findings of idiopathic scoliosis in 11-year-old Korean adolescents.Materials and Methods
A total of 37856 11-year-old adolescents were screened for scoliosis. There were 17110 girls and 20746 boys. Adolescents who were abnormal by Moiré topography were subsequently assessed by standardized clinical and radiological examinations. A scoliotic curve was defined as 10° or more.Results
The prevalence of scoliosis was 0.19% and most of the curves were small (10° to 19°). The ratio of boys to girls was 1:5.5 overall. Sixty adolescents (84.5%) exhibited single curvature. Thoracolumbar curves were the most common type of curve identified, followed by thoracic and lumbar curves.Conclusion
The prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis among 11-year-old Korean adolescents was 0.19%. 相似文献997.
Yun Chan Jung Mi Eun Kim Ju Hwa Yoon Pu Reum Park Hwa-Young Youn 《Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology》2014,36(6):426-432
Inflammation is the major symptom of the innate immune response to microbial infection. Macrophages, immune response-related cells, play a role in the inflammatory response. Galangin is a member of the flavonols and is found in Alpinia officinarum, galangal root and propolis. Previous studies have demonstrated that galangin has antioxidant, anticancer, and antineoplastic activities. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of galangin are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of galangin on RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Galagin was not cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 cells, and nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages was significantly decreased by the addition of 50?μM galangin. Moreover, galangin treatment reduced mRNA levels of cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-6, and proinflammatory genes, such as iNOS in LPS-activated macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Galangin treatment also decreased the protein expression levels of iNOS in activated macrophages. Galangin was found to elicit anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ERK and NF-κB-p65 phosphorylation. In addition, galangin-inhibited IL-1β production in LPS-activated macrophages. These results suggest that galangin elicits anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-activated macrophages via the inhibition of ERK, NF-κB-p65 and proinflammatory gene expression. 相似文献
998.
Tilman T. Rau Abbas Agaimy Anastasia Gehoff Carol Geppert Klaus Jung Katharina Knobloch Cord Langner Alessandro Lugli Irene Groenbus-Lurkin Iris D. Nagtegaal Josef Rüschoff Xavier Saegert Mario Sarbia Regine Schneider-Stock Michael Vieth Ellen C. Zwarthoff Arndt Hartmann 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》2014,464(6):663-672
Criteria for the diagnosis of serrated colorectal lesions (hyperplastic polyp, sessile serrated adenoma without or with dysplasia—which we called mixed polyp—and traditional serrated adenoma) for which consensus has been reached should be validated for applicability in daily practice in terms of inter-observer reproducibility and their association with clinical features and (epi)genetic events. A study set was created from a consecutive series of colorectal polyps (n?=?1,926) by selecting all sessile serrated adenomas, traditional serrated adenomas and mixed polyps. We added consecutive series of hyperplastic polyps, classical adenomas and normal mucosa samples for a total of 200 specimens. With this series, we conducted an inter-observer study, encompassing ten pathologists with gastrointestinal pathology experience from five European countries, in three rounds in which all cases were microscopically evaluated. An assessment of single morphological criteria was included, and these were correlated with clinical parameters and the mutation status of KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA and the methylation status of MLH1. Gender, age and localisation were significantly associated with certain types of lesions. Kappa statistics revealed moderate to good inter-observer agreement for polyp classification (κ = 0.56 to 0.63), but for single criteria, this varied considerably (κ = 0.06 to 0.82). BRAF mutations were frequently found in hyperplastic polyps (86 %, 62/72) and sessile serrated adenomas (80 %, 41/51). KRAS mutations occurred more frequently in traditional serrated adenomas (78 %, 7/9) and less so in classical adenomas (20 %, 10/51). Single morphological criteria for sessile serrated adenomas showed significant correlation with BRAF mutation (all p?≤?0.001), and those for classical adenomas or traditional serrated adenoma correlated significantly with KRAS mutation (all p?<?0.001). Therefore, single well-defined morphological criteria are predictive for genetic alterations in colorectal polyps. 相似文献
999.
Vaccinia‐based influenza vaccine overcomes previously induced immunodominance hierarchy for heterosubtypic protection 下载免费PDF全文
Ji‐Sun Kwon Jungsoon Yoon Yeon‐Jung Kim Kyuho Kang Sunje Woo Dea‐Im Jung Man Ki Song Eun‐Ha Kim Hyeok‐il Kwon Young Ki Choi Jihye Kim Jeewon Lee Yeup Yoon Eui‐Cheol Shin Jin‐Won Youn 《European journal of immunology》2014,44(8):2360-2369
Growing concerns about unpredictable influenza pandemics require a broadly protective vaccine against diverse influenza strains. One of the promising approaches was a T cell‐based vaccine, but the narrow breadth of T‐cell immunity due to the immunodominance hierarchy established by previous influenza infection and efficacy against only mild challenge condition are important hurdles to overcome. To model T‐cell immunodominance hierarchy in humans in an experimental setting, influenza‐primed C57BL/6 mice were chosen and boosted with a mixture of vaccinia recombinants, individually expressing consensus sequences from avian, swine, and human isolates of influenza internal proteins. As determined by IFN‐γ ELISPOT and polyfunctional cytokine secretion, the vaccinia recombinants of influenza expanded the breadth of T‐cell responses to include subdominant and even minor epitopes. Vaccine groups were successfully protected against 100 LD50 challenges with PR/8/34 and highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1, which contained the identical dominant NP366 epitope. Interestingly, in challenge with pandemic A/Cal/04/2009 containing mutations in the dominant epitope, only the group vaccinated with rVV‐NP + PA showed improved protection. Taken together, a vaccinia‐based influenza vaccine expressing conserved internal proteins improved the breadth of influenza‐specific T‐cell immunity and provided heterosubtypic protection against immunologically close as well as distant influenza strains. 相似文献
1000.
Jin‐Hee Kim Jun Man Hong Eui Man Jeong Wang Jae Lee Hang‐Rae Kim Jae Seung Kang In‐Gyu Kim Young‐il Hwang 《Immunology》2014,142(3):506-516
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) has been reported to play a role in dendritic cell activation and B‐cell differentiation after immunization. Its presence and role in T cells, however, has not been explored. In the present study, we determined the expression of TG2 on mouse T cells, and evaluated its role by comparing the behaviours of wild‐type and TG2?/? T cells after activation. In our results, naive T cells minimally expressed TG2, expression of which was increased after activation. T‐cell proliferation, expression of activation markers such as CD69 and CD25, and secretions of interleukin‐2 and interferon‐γ were suppressed in the absence of TG2, presumably due, in part, to diminished nuclear factor‐κB activation. These effects on T cells seemed to be reflected in the in vivo immune response, the contact hypersensitivity reaction elicited by 2,4‐dinitro‐1‐fluorobenzene, with lowered peak responses in the TG2?/? mice. When splenic T cells from mice immunized with tumour lysate‐loaded wild‐type dendritic cells were re‐challenged ex vivo with the same antigen, the profile of surface markers including CD44, CD62L, and CD127 strongly indicated lesser generation of memory CD8+ T cells in TG2?/? mice. In the TG2?/? CD8+ T cells, moreover, Eomes expression was markedly decreased. These results indicate possible roles of TG2 in CD8+ T‐cell activation and CD8+ memory T‐cell generation. 相似文献