Bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap for repairing Achilles tendon and overlying skin defect： the anatomic basis and clinical application

Objective: To study the anatomic basis of the bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap for repairing the composite Achilles tendon defect. Methods : The pedicle anatomy of the bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap was examined on 30 cadaver specimens. The sliding distances of the flap were measured at different knee flexion degrees. The bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap was applied in 12 cases of Achilles tendon defect with simultaneous skin and soft tissue defect. Results: The sural arteries could be classified into four types. After cutting off the gastrocnemius origin with a " Z-shaped" incision, the sliding distance of the flap reached (3. 7±0. 5) cm when the knee flexed 0°, (4.9±0.7) cm when the knee flexed 30°, (6. 7±0. 7) cm when the knee flexed 60 and (9.2±0.9) cm when the knee flexed 90°. All the defects healed. The patients recovered ambulation with satisfactory knee and ankle function. The follow-up was 4 months -12 years. Conclusions: Different sural artery types should be noticed during the harvest of the bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap. With 90°knee flexion, this flap is suitable for one-stage repair of composite Achilles tendon defect within 9.2 cm±0.9 cm.     

脊髓纵裂分型治疗的疗效分析

目的探讨脊髓纵裂分型治疗的疗效。方法对1978年5月至2006年11月收洽的有完整资料的121例单管型及双管型脊髓纵裂患者的病历资料进行回顾性分析，并通过临床神经功能评分及胫后神经皮层体感诱发电位（FTNCSEP）P40波峰监测，评价其手术及非手术治疗的疗效。结果所有患者均得到随访，随访时间6个月～15年，平均2年6个月。96例双管型患者中手术治疗86例，术后观察和随访发现24例痊愈、22例有明显改善、28例有一定改善、12例无明确效果，临床神经功能评分及PTNCSEP术后有明显改变，尤其是以疼痛为主诉的患者恢复最为明显，手术总有效率为86％；10例双管型患者未行手术治疗，随访发现临床症状无明显改善且有加重趋势。单管型患者25例，手术治疗16例，术前、术后临床神经功能评分及胛NCSEP无明显变化；未手术治疗的9例，随访时上述指标亦无明显变化。结论双管型脊髓纵裂患者脊髓损害重且呈进行性加重，精细的手术治疗可以使大多数患者症状得到缓解，终止神经进行性损伤，确诊后应尽早手术。单管型脊髓纵裂患者脊髓损害轻，无须手术探查。     

高氧液预处理对心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和心肌酶学的影响

目的观察高氧液预处理对心脏瓣膜置换手术患者缺血-再灌注心肌的保护作用。方法将30例择期心脏瓣膜置换术患者随机分成观察组和对照组。对照组患者在麻醉后切皮前（T0）至心肺转流（CPB）开始后10min,静滴复方氯化钠注射液10ml／kg;观察组给予相等容量的高氧液。分别于T0、CPB开始后1h（T1）、主动脉开放后2h（T2）、24h（T3）测定乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同功酶（CK—MB）、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶（HBDH）和心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）。结果与T0时比较,两组T1、T2、T3时心肌酶和cTnI测定值均增高（P〈0．05）。两组间比较,LDH、CK—MB在T2、T3时,CK和cTnI在T1、T2、T3时,HBDH在T1时,观察组明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。术后24h多巴胺用量,观察组明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论高氧液预处理能减轻心肌缺血-再灌注损伤后酶学改变。     

咪唑安定预处理对缺血-再灌注离体心脏的保护作用

目的探讨咪唑安定预处理对缺血-再灌注离体心脏的保护作用。方法采用Wistar大鼠离体心脏langendofff灌注模型。实验动物随机分为四组,每组8只：正常对照组（C组）,缺血-再灌注组（I-R组）,缺血预处理组（IPC组）,咪唑安定预处理组（MPC组）。观察咪唑安定预处理对心肌缺血-再灌注后不同时间点冠脉流出液中肌酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）,心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、丙二醛（MDA）以及再灌注性心律失常、心功能的变化。结果咪唑安定预处理可以减少心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的心肌冠脉流出液中CK、LDH的含量,提高SOD活性,降低MPO、MDA水平,并且抑制再灌注心律失常的发生,保护心功能。结论咪唑安定预处理对缺血-再灌注离体心脏具有一定的保护作用。     

气管内硬膜外联合麻醉下的超前镇痛

目的研究气管内硬膜外联合麻醉下,硬膜外给药时间不同、全麻诱导药物不同对术后镇痛产生的影响。方法开腹行切除肝癌、胃癌的病人120例,随机分为A、B、C、D4组,每组30例。A组:在T8-9经硬膜外注入1%利多卡因和0.25%布比卡因混合液6～8ml,再经硬膜外注入含吗啡2mg、氟哌利多2.5mg的生理盐水10ml;全身麻醉诱导药物为芬太尼3μg·kg-1,异丙酚1～1.5mg·kg-1,琥珀胆碱2mg·kg-1。B组:诱导药物中不使用芬太尼,用利多卡因1～1.5mg·kg-1代替,术中也不使用芬太尼,其余条件同A组。C组:在T8-9行硬膜外穿刺,之后行全身麻醉诱导,诱导药物为芬太尼3μg·kg-1,异丙酚2～2.5mg·kg-1,琥珀胆碱2mg·kg-1,必要时可加芬太尼2～3μg·kg-1。切皮后90min,经硬膜外注入1%利多卡因和0.25%布比卡因6～8ml,再经硬膜外注入含吗啡2mg、氟哌利多2.5mg的生理盐水10ml。D组:诱导药物中不使用芬太尼,用利多卡因1～1.5mg·kg-1代替,术中也不使用芬太尼,其余条件同C组。分别于术毕后4、8、24、48h观测VAS、镇痛药消耗量、恶心、呕吐、骚痒等指标。结果A组的药物消耗量最少、镇痛效果最好;B组和C组次之;D组的药物消耗量最大,镇痛效果最差。结论硬膜外复合气管内麻醉时,硬膜外麻醉与芬太尼同时使用,术后镇痛效果最好。     

肝细胞癌肿瘤标记物的研究进展

肝细胞癌是严重危害人类生命的一种恶性肿瘤,但其发病机制目前仍未清楚。而临床上大多数患者就诊时已届中晚期。失去了最佳治疗时机,为患者提供治疗的关键是早期诊断．而肿瘤标记物在这方面有其独到的优势,尽管AFP检测在临床上已广泛应用。但还不能完全满足临床要求,所以寻找有助于早期诊断的肿瘤标记物具有很高的临床价值。本文就目前临床上正应用的和近年来新发现的肿瘤标记物综述如下。     

27例胃肠道间质瘤外科处理分析

目的探讨不同手术方式对胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）复发及预后的影响。方法回顾性分析我科8年来收治的GIST患者临床资料,根据手术方式不同分为两组,A组为行肿瘤局部切除术者14例,B组为行肿瘤所在器官大部分切除、全切或包括淋巴结清扫的扩大切除术者12例,对两组病例进行随访,分别计算中位生存期、1年、2年和5年生存率、复发率,并对两组数据进行比较。结果A组14例中13例获得随访,中位生存时间36个月,B组12例均获得随访,中位生存时间40个月,两组比较,P〉0.05;A组1年、2年和5年生存率分别为92．3％、85．4％和69．2％,B组1年、2年和5年生存率分别为91．7％、83．3％和66．7％,两组比较,P〉0．05。说明两组手术对患者生存时间的影响无统计学意义。A组术后出现复发和转移2例,占14．3％,B组术后出现复发和转移2例,占16．7％,两组比较,P〉0．05,说明两种手术方式对复发和转移率的影响无统计学意义。结论手术切除是治疗GIST的最好方法,只要肿瘤完整切除,采用局部切除或扩大切除对术后复发和转移影响不大。     

无神经症状寰枢椎骨折的非手术治疗

目的探讨无神经症状寰枢椎骨折患者的非手术治疗效果。方法7例无神经症状的寰枢椎骨折患者行牵引后,再行头颈胸石膏或颈托外固定,其中1例枢椎椎体骨折患者仅行颈托外固定。结果随访3-8个月,所有患者骨折均临床愈合,枕颈部痛均消失,颈椎活动范围轻度减小。结论对无神经症状的寰枢椎骨折患者进行选择性非手术治疗是一种安全、有效的方法,适合在基层医院开展。     

Pulmonary Intimal Sarcoma Treated by a Left Pneumonectomy with Pulmonary Arterioplasty Under Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Report of a Case

Intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery is a rare disease. This neoplasm was characterized by an aggressive extension to the lumen of the pulmonary artery, thus mimicking a pulmonary thromboembolism. We herein report a 44-year-old woman who was diagnosed as having primary intimal sarcoma of the left lung preoperatively by transbronchial biopsy. The tumor originated in the pulmonary artery in the left lung, extending to the main pulmonary trunk via the pulmonary arterial lumen, thus resulting in stenosis of the main pulmonary trunk. A complete resection of the tumor with the left pneumonectomy and the pulmonary arterioplasty was successfully performed under cardiopulmonary bypass with vacuum assisted venous drainage.     

Surgical Indication for Non-curative Endoscopic Resection in Early Gastric Cancer

Background Endoscopic resection (ER) is an effective treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC) without lymph node metastasis. However, after ER additional surgery may be needed to manage the risks presented by residual cancer or lymph node metastasis. Methods ER was performed on 344 gastric adenocarcinomas between November 2001 and April 2006 at the Korean National Cancer Center under the strict pre-procedural indication. The authors performed operations in 43 patients due to: residual mucosal cancer, a mucosal cancer larger than 3 cm, or a submucosal cancer regardless of size or margin involvement. ER and surgical specimens were reviewed and analyzed for residual cancer and lymph node metastasis. Results Based on examinations of ER specimens, cancer was confined to the mucosal layer in 15 patients (34.9%) and invaded the submucosal layer in 28 patients (65.1%). Surgical specimens showed residual cancer in 17 patients (39.5%) and lymph node metastasis in four (9.3%). Neither residual cancer nor lymph node metastasis was found in patients with less than 500 μm submucosal invasion without margin involvement in ER specimens. In three of four patients with lymph node metastasis, the depth of submucosal invasion was 500 μm or more; the remaining patient had a 4-cm-sized differentiated mucosal cancer. Conclusions When a pathologic evaluation of an ER specimen reveals more than 500 μm of submucosal invasion or a mucosal cancer of larger than 3 cm, surgery should be considered due to the risk of lymph node metastasis.